Effects of intranasal administration with Bacillus subtilis on immune cells in the nasal mucosa and tonsils of piglets

Yang,Yunhan; Jing,Yuchao; Yang,Jingjing; Yang,Qian

doi:10.3892/etm.2018.6093

Effects of intranasal administration with Bacillus subtilis on immune cells in the nasal mucosa and tonsils of piglets

Authors:
- Yunhan Yang
- Yuchao Jing
- Jingjing Yang
- Qian Yang
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Affiliations: MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
Published online on: April 24, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6093
Pages: 5189-5198
Copyright: © Yang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The nasal mucosa is the body's first barrier against pathogens entering through the respiratory tract. The respiratory immune system of pigs has more similarities with humans than the mouse respiratory system does, and so was selected as the animal model in the present study. To evaluate the effects of Bacillus subtilis as a potential probiotic to stimulate local immune responses, piglets were intranasally administered with Dylight 488‑labeled B. subtilis (WB800‑green fluorescent protein). The results revealed that B. subtilis was able to reach the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa, nasopharyngeal tonsils and soft palate tonsils. Piglets were subsequently administered intranasally with B. subtilis (WB800) at 3, 12 and 28 days. The results revealed that, following administration with B. subtilis, the number of dendritic cells, immunoglobulin A+ B cells and T cells in the nasal mucosa and tonsils significantly increased (P<0.05). No obvious differences were observed in the morphological structure following B. subtilis administration. There were no statistical differences were observed in the expression of interleukin (IL)‑1β, tumor necrosis factor‑α and IL‑8 mRNA between the B. subtilis treated group and the control group in the nasal mucosa, nasopharyngeal tonsil or soft palate tonsil. Toll‑like receptor (TLR)‑2 and TLR‑9 mRNA expression in the tonsils was significantly increased following B. subtilis administration compared with the control group (P<0.05). The results demonstrate that B. subtilis administration increases the number of immune cells in the nasal mucosa and tonsils of piglets and stimulates nasal mucosal and tonsillar immunity. The present study lays the foundation for further study into the intranasal administration of B. subtilis in humans to enhance the immunity of human nasal mucosa to respiratory diseases.

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