Clinical efficacy of absolute ethanol combined with n‑butyl cyanoacrylate sclerotherapy in the treatment of Puig's classified advanced venous malformation in children

Li,Hai‑Bo; Zhang,Jing; Li,Xiao‑Mei; Zhou,Shao‑Yi; Niu,Chuan‑Qiang; Liu,Zhen‑Yin; Lu,Li‑Gong

doi:10.3892/etm.2018.7051

Clinical efficacy of absolute ethanol combined with n‑butyl cyanoacrylate sclerotherapy in the treatment of Puig's classified advanced venous malformation in children

Authors:
- Hai‑Bo Li
- Jing Zhang
- Xiao‑Mei Li
- Shao‑Yi Zhou
- Chuan‑Qiang Niu
- Zhen‑Yin Liu
- Li‑Gong Lu
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Affiliations: Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated South China Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China, Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Anomalies, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical Univercity, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
Published online on: December 5, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.7051
Pages: 1276-1281
Copyright: © Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The aim of the present retrospective study was to investigate the clinical safety and efficacy of absolute ethanol combined with n‑butyl cyanoacrylate sclerotherapy in the treatment of Puig's classified advanced venous malformation. Sclerotherapy was performed in 121 children (52 males and 69 females; age range, 5 months to 16 years) with venous malformations under general anesthesia between April 2009 and October 2014 at the Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Anomalies, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China. The patients with venous malformations were diagnosed and classified according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies. According to the characteristics of intraoperative percutaneous angiography, 21 patient cases (9 males and 12 females; age range, 6 months to 14 years) were classified as advanced Puig's venous malformation. These 21 patients were treated with absolute ethanol combined with n‑butyl cyanoacrylate. The patients were followed‑up for 6‑24 months (average, 15 months) after treatment. Following treatment with absolute ethanol combined with n‑butyl cyanoacrylate, 15 cases were controlled and the total effective rate was 71% (15/21). However, 1 patient developed skin ulcerations, which was classed as a minor complication, 1 patient developed ectopic embolism caused by n‑butyl cyanoacrylate reflux, and 1 patient developed transient pulmonary hypertension, the latter two complications were classified as major. Notably, the incidence rate of minor and major complications were 14.3%. To conclude, the present findings indicated that absolute ethanol combined with n‑butyl cyanoacrylate sclerotherapy was a safe and effective method with a low complication rate in the treatment of Puig's classified advanced venous malformation in patients.

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