Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
December-2019 Volume 18 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2019 Volume 18 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Triptolide protects against TGF‑β1‑induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating FAK/calpain signaling

  • Authors:
    • Pingheng Zhang
    • Jian Liu
    • Ruikai Zong
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China, Rheumatism Department, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 4781-4789
    |
    Published online on: October 25, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8127
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of anti‑proliferative, anti‑inflammatory and anti‑fibrotic effects of triptolide (TPL) on activated lung fibroblasts by regulating the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and calpain signaling pathways. The HFL‑1 human foetal lung fibroblast cell line was cultured in vitro and treated with 50 ng/ml transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1 for 48 h to establish the model of pulmonary fibrosis. Subsequently, the cells were divided into five groups, including a control, model, TPL, FAK inhibitor and calpeptin group. Subsequently, the proliferation of lung fibroblasts was detected using the Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. The concentration of interleukin (IL)‑6 in the cell culture supernatant was examined by ELISA and the mRNA expression levels of collagen type I (ColI)α and ColIII in lung fibroblasts were quantified by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. The protein levels of FAK, phosphorylated (p)‑FAK, calpain 1 and calpain 2 were detected by western blot analysis. TGF‑β1 induced the proliferation of lung fibroblasts, whereas TPL inhibited this proliferation in a dose‑dependent manner. TPL also decreased the TGF‑β1‑induced production of IL‑6 and reduced the upregulation of ColIα, ColIII, FAK, p‑FAK, and inhibited the decrease of calpain 1 and calpain 2 induced by TGF‑β1. In addition, the FAK inhibitor acted synergistically with TPL to decrease TGF‑β1‑induced production of IL‑6 and attenuate TGF‑β1‑induced synthesis of ColIα and ColIII, while calpeptin had an antagonistic effect on the function of TPL. Furthermore, treatment with the FAK inhibitor and TPL markedly decreased the protein levels of FAK and p‑FAK, and increased the protein expression of calpain 1 and calpain 2 in lung fibroblasts stimulated by TGF‑β1 to a greater extent than TPL alone, while calpeptin had an antagonistic effect on the action of TPL. In conclusion, the present study indicated that TPL protected against TGF‑β1‑induced proliferation, inflammation and fibrosis by regulating the FAK and calpain signaling pathways.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Marshall DC, Salciccioli JD, Shea BS and Akuthota P: Trends in mortality from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the European Union: An observational study of the WHO mortality database from 2001–2013. Eur Respir J. 51(pii): 17016032018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Mikamo M, Kitagawa K, Sakai S, Uchida C, Ohhata T, Nishimoto K, Niida H, Suzuki S, Nakayama KI, Inui N, et al: Inhibiting skp2 e3 ligase suppresses bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci. 19(pii): E4742018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Miao C, Xiong Y, Zhang G and Chang J: MicroRNAs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, new research progress and their pathophysiological implication. Exp Lung Res. 44:178–190. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Redente EF, Aguilar MA, Black BP, Edelman BL, Bahadur AN, Humphries SM, Lynch DA, Wollin L and Riches DWH: Nintedanib reduces pulmonary fibrosis in a model of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 314:L998–L1009. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Fernández MC, Gonzalez A, Caputo F, Bottinelli Y, Nastavi P and Zamboni M: Pulmonary fibrosis associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive vasculitis. Medicina (B Aires). 72:329–331. 2012.(In Spanish). PubMed/NCBI

6 

Stevenson DK, Ostrander CE and Johnson JD: Effect of erythrocyte destruction on the pulmonary excretion rate of carbon monoxide in adult male Wistar rats. J Lab Clin Med. 94:649–654. 1979.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Yoshinouchi T, Ohtsuki Y, Ueda R, Sato S and Ueda N: Myofibroblasts and S-100 protein positive cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial pneumonia. Eur Respir J. 14:579–584. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Sadeghi S, Granton JT, Akhavan P, Pasarikovski CR, Roos AM, Thenganatt J, Moric J and Johnson SR: Survival in rheumatoid arthritis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension compared with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respirology. 20:481–487. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Kitamura A, Matsuno T, Narita M, Shimokata K, Yamashita Y and Mori N: Rheumatoid arthritis with diffuse pulmonary rheumatoid nodules. Pathol Int. 54:798–802. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Grumelli S, Corry DB, Song LZ, Song L, Green L, Huh J, Hacken J, Espada R, Bag R, Lewis DE and Kheradmand F: An immune basis for lung parenchymal destruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema. PLoS Med. 1:e82004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Douglas IS, Nana-Sinkam PS, Lee JD, Tuder RM, Nicolls MR and Voelkel NF: Is alveolar destruction and emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease an immune disease? Proc Am Thorac Soc. 3:687–690. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Arcangeli G, Cupelli V and Giuliano G: Effects of silica on human lung fibroblast in culture. Sci Total Environ. 270:135–139. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Gomes I, Espendshade B, Varga J and Ackerman S: Eosinophil-derived IL-1β, TGF-β and bFGF induce lung fibroblast secretion of the pro-fibrogenic cytokine IL-6: A potential mechanism for subepithelial fibrosis in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 111 (Suppl):S1872003. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

An J, Xu R and Musser J: Methods for isolation of triptolide compounds from tripterygium WilfordII. Google Patents. 2007.

15 

Fan D, He X, Bian Y, Guo Q, Zheng K, Zhao Y, Lu C, Liu B, Xu X, Zhang G and Lu A: Triptolide modulates TREM-1 signal pathway to inhibit the inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Mol Sci. 17:4982016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Lei DL, Li MB, Xiong K, Deng XH and Luo XG: Triptolide inhibits the Aβ deposition and senile plaques formation in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice. Acta Anatomica Sinica. 40:369–373. 2009.

17 

Zhang C, Cui GH, Liu F, Wu QL and Chen Y: Effects of triptolide on cell proliferation and CXCR4 expression in Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells in vitro. Chin J Cancer Res. 19:27–31. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Reno TA, Kim JY and Raz DJ: Triptolide inhibits lung cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Ann Thoracic Surg. 100:1817–1825. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Yang S, Zhang M, Chen C, Cao Y, Tian Y, Guo Y, Zhang B, Wang X, Yin L, Zhang Z, et al: Triptolide mitigates radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Radiat Res. 184:509–517. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Zhao X and Guan JL: Focal adhesion kinase and its signaling pathways in cell migration and angiogenesis. Adv Drug Del Rev. 63:610–615. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Zhang J, Fan G, Zhao H, Wang Z, Li F, Zhang P, Zhang J, Wang X and Wang W: Targeted inhibition of focal adhesion kinase attenuates cardiac fibrosis and preserves heart function in adverse cardiac remodeling. Sci Rep. 7:431462017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Zhao XK, Yu L, Cheng ML, Che P, Lu YY, Zhang Q, Mu M, Li H, Zhu LL, Zhu JJ, et al: Focal adhesion kinase regulates hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis. Sci Rep. 7:40322017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Fan GP, Wang W, Zhao H, Cai L, Zhang PD, Yang ZH, Zhang J and Wang X: Pharmacological inhibition of focal adhesion kinase attenuates cardiac fibrosis in mice cardiac fibroblast and post-myocardial-infarction models. Cell Physiol Biochem. 37:515–526. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Abedi H and Zachary I: Vascular endothelial growth factor stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation and recruitment to new focal adhesions of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 272:15442–15451. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Wheaton AK, Agarwal M, Jia S and Kim KK: Lung epithelial cell focal adhesion kinase signaling inhibits lung injury and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 312:L722–L730. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Kang HR, Lee CG, Homer RJ and Elias JA: Semaphorin 7A plays a critical role in TGF-beta1-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Exp Med. 204:1083–1093. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Chan KT, Bennin DA and Huttenlocher A: Regulation of adhesion dynamics by calpain-mediated proteolysis of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). J Biol Chem. 285:11418–11426. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Zitnik RJ, Kotloff RM, Latifpour J, Zheng T, Whiting NL, Schwalb J and Elias JA: Retinoic acid inhibition of IL-1-induced IL-6 production by human lung fibroblasts. J Immunol. 152:1419–1427. 1994.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Zhou J, Sun X, Zhang J, Yang Y, Chen D and Cao J: IL-34 regulates IL-6 and IL-8 production in human lung fibroblasts via MAPK, PI3K-Akt, JAK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol. 61:119–125. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Cui Y, Robertson J, Maharaj S, Waldhauser L, Niu J, Wang J, Farkas L, Kolb M and Gauldie J: Oxidative stress contributes to the induction and persistence of TGF-β1 induced pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 43:1122–1133. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Zhang M, Cao SR, Zhang R, Jin JL and Zhu YF: The inhibitory effect of salvianolic acid B on TGF-β1-induced proliferation and differentiation in lung fibroblasts. Exp Lung Res. 40:172–185. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Khalil N, Xu YD, O'Connor R and Duronio V: Proliferation of pulmonary interstitial fibroblasts is mediated by transforming growth factor-beta1-induced release of extracellular fibroblast growth factor-2 and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK. J Biol Chem. 280:43000–43009. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Low RB, Cutroneo KR, Davis GS and Giancola MS: Lavage type III procollagen N-terminal peptides in human pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis. Lab Invest. 48:755–759. 1983.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Yurovsky V: TRAIL-mediated enhancement of collagen production by human lung fibroblasts. Arthritis Res. 4 (Spuul 1):542002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Povedano JM, Martinez P, Serrano R, Tejera Á, Gómez-López G, Bobadilla M, Flores JM, Bosch F and Blasco MA: Therapeutic effects of telomerase in mice with pulmonary fibrosis induced by damage to the lungs and short telomeres. Elife. 7(pii): e312992018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Chen C, Yang S, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Hong J, Han D, Ma J, Zhang SB, Okunieff P and Zhang L: Triptolide mitigates radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibition of axis of alveolar macrophages-NOXes-ROS-myofibroblasts. Cancer Biol Ther. 17:381–389. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Tabata C, Tabata R and Nakano T: The calpain inhibitor calpeptin prevents bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Clin Exp Immunol. 162:560–567. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Giménez A, Duch P, Puig M, Gabasa M, Xaubet A and Alcaraz J: Dysregulated collagen homeostasis by matrix stiffening and TGF-β1 in fibroblasts from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients: Role of FAK/Akt. Int J Mol Sci. 18(pii): E24312017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Li FZ, Cai PC, Song LJ, Zhou LL, Zhang Q, Rao SS, Xia Y, Xiang F, Xin JB, Greer PA, et al: Crosstalk between calpain activation and TGF-β1 augments collagen-I synthesis in pulmonary fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1852:1796–1804. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Chan SL and Mattson MP: Caspase and calpain substrates: Roles in synaptic plasticity and cell death. J Neurosci Res. 58:167–190. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang P, Liu J and Zong R: Triptolide protects against TGF‑β1‑induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating FAK/calpain signaling. Exp Ther Med 18: 4781-4789, 2019.
APA
Zhang, P., Liu, J., & Zong, R. (2019). Triptolide protects against TGF‑β1‑induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating FAK/calpain signaling. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 18, 4781-4789. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8127
MLA
Zhang, P., Liu, J., Zong, R."Triptolide protects against TGF‑β1‑induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating FAK/calpain signaling". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18.6 (2019): 4781-4789.
Chicago
Zhang, P., Liu, J., Zong, R."Triptolide protects against TGF‑β1‑induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating FAK/calpain signaling". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18, no. 6 (2019): 4781-4789. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8127
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang P, Liu J and Zong R: Triptolide protects against TGF‑β1‑induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating FAK/calpain signaling. Exp Ther Med 18: 4781-4789, 2019.
APA
Zhang, P., Liu, J., & Zong, R. (2019). Triptolide protects against TGF‑β1‑induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating FAK/calpain signaling. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 18, 4781-4789. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8127
MLA
Zhang, P., Liu, J., Zong, R."Triptolide protects against TGF‑β1‑induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating FAK/calpain signaling". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18.6 (2019): 4781-4789.
Chicago
Zhang, P., Liu, J., Zong, R."Triptolide protects against TGF‑β1‑induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating FAK/calpain signaling". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18, no. 6 (2019): 4781-4789. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8127
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team