Infection with hepatitis C virus in hemodialysis patients: An overview of the diagnosis and prevention rules within a hemodialysis center (Review)

Timofte,Delia; Dragos,Dorin; Balcangiu-Stroescu,Andra-Elena; Tanasescu,Maria-Daniela; Balan,Daniela Gabriela; Avino,Adelaida; Tulin,Adrian; Stiru,Ovidiu; Ionescu,Dorin

doi:10.3892/etm.2020.8606

Infection with hepatitis C virus in hemodialysis patients: An overview of the diagnosis and prevention rules within a hemodialysis center (Review)

Authors:
- Delia Timofte
- Dorin Dragos
- Andra-Elena Balcangiu-Stroescu
- Maria-Daniela Tanasescu
- Daniela Gabriela Balan
- Adelaida Avino
- Adrian Tulin
- Ovidiu Stiru
- Dorin Ionescu
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Affiliations: Department of Dialysis, Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania, Discipline of Internal Medicine I and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Clinical Emergency Hospital ‘Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu’, 011356 Bucharest, Romania, Department of General Surgery, Clinical Emergency Hospital ‘Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu’, 011356 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
Published online on: March 17, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8606
Pages: 109-116
Copyright: © Timofte et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Increase in the number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) calls for improved management of these patients. In stage 5 CKD, when the initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) becomes necessary, there is an increase in the infection risk of the patients and immunological tests for hepatitis C virus (HCV) detection turn positive at an alarmingly higher rate compared to general population. With the introduction into clinical practice of diagnostic tests, the increased prevalence of HCV among CKD patients has been known since the 1990s. Also, the negative impacts of HCV infection on CKD evolution as well as the unfavorable evolution of grafts received by HCV infected patients are known. Chronic hemodialysis patients are a category of patients whose risk of HCV infection is substantial. Currently, in the hemodialysis centers, at the base of the transmission of HCV infection there are a multitude of factors. Infection with HCV has a different impact on patient with end‑stage renal disease (ESRD). Comorbidities in this case have significant sources of mortality and morbidity. It was proven that the post transplantations problems were prevented and mortality was reduced for patients who were diagnosed with HCV and in whom the infection was treated before the kidney transplant (KT). Consequently, early detection of the infection and the application of specific treatment has a considerable impact on the outcome of the patients. Another important component of the management of HCV infection in the chronic hemodialysis patients is the prevention of the infection transmission by applying specific methods.

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