Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
July-2020 Volume 20 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2020 Volume 20 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Clinical features and outcomes of Chinese patients with anti‑γ‑aminobutyric acid B receptor encephalitis

  • Authors:
    • Xiu‑He Zhao
    • Xue Yang
    • Xue‑Wu Liu
    • Sheng‑Jun Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
  • Pages: 617-622
    |
    Published online on: April 23, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8684
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Antibodies against γ-aminobutyric acid B (GABAB) receptor are associated with limbic encephalitis (LE). It is estimated that ~1/2 of patients with LE have small‑cell lung cancer. The present study analyzed the specific GABAB receptor antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of 12 patients. The clinical manifestations, therapy and outcome were retrospectively compared. The median onset age was 65.1 years and all patients presented with new‑onset seizures. In total, 11 (91.6%) patients had memory deficits, 7 (58.3%) patients had psychiatric problems and 4 (33.3%) patients had a disturbance of consciousness. Furthermore, lung cancer was detected in 7 patients (58.3%) by CT scan. Lymphocytic pleocytosis and protein concentration elevation in CSF were detected in 3 (25%) and 4 (33.3%) patients, respectively. Furthermore, MRI scan results identified 4 (33.3%) patients with abnormalities in the mesial temporal region. The lung cancer tissues of 3 patients were positively stained for anti‑GABAB receptor on immunohistochemistry. All patients received antiepileptic drugs and immunotherapy. In total, 3 patients with lung cancer were subjected to tumor resection. Those patients without cancer exhibited neurological improvement at the follow‑up. The present results suggested that seizures and memory deficits were the major manifestations in Chinese patients with anti‑GABAB receptor antibodies who were responsive to immunotherapy. The lung cancer tissues from patients with anti‑GABAB receptor antibodies were positively stained for anti‑GABAB receptor. Collectively, the present results suggested that patients with underlying lung cancer have a relatively poor prognosis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1 

Lancaster E and Dalmau J: Neuronal autoantigens--pathogenesis, associated disorders and antibody testing. Nat Rev Neurol. 8:380–390. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Melzer N, Meuth SG and Wiendl H: Paraneoplastic and nonparaneoplastic autoimmunity to neurons in the central nervous system. J Neurol. 260:1215–1233. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Dalmau J, Geis C and Graus F: Autoantibodies to synaptic receptors and neuronal cell surface proteins in autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system. Physiol Rev. 97:839–887. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Lancaster E, Lai M, Peng X, Hughes E, Constantinescu R, Raizer J, Friedman D, Skeen MB, Grisold W, Kimura A, et al: Antibodies to the GABA(B) receptor in limbic encephalitis with seizures: Case series and characterisation of the antigen. Lancet Neurol. 9:67–76. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Höftberger R, Titulaer MJ, Sabater L, Dome B, Rózsás A, Hegedus B, Hoda MA, Laszlo V, Ankersmit HJ, Harms L, et al: Encephalitis and GABAB receptor antibodies: Novel findings in a new case series of 20 patients. Neurology. 81:1500–1506. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Dogan Onugoren M, Deuretzbacher D, Haensch CA, Hagedorn HJ, Halve S, Isenmann S, Kramme C, Lohner H, Melzer N, Monotti R, et al: Limbic encephalitis due to GABAB and AMPA receptor antibodies: A case series. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 86:965–972. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Kim TJ, Lee ST, Shin JW, Moon J, Lim JA, Byun JI, Shin YW, Lee KJ, Jung KH, Kim YS, et al: Clinical manifestations and outcomes of the treatment of patients with GABAB encephalitis. J Neuroimmunol. 270:45–50. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Guan HZ, Ren HT, Yang XZ, Lu Q, Peng B, Zhu YC, Shao XQ, Hu YQ, Zhou D and Cui LY: Limbic encephalitis associated with Anti-γ-aminobutyric Acid B receptor antibodies: A case series from china. Chin Med J (Engl). 128:3023–3028. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Qiao S, Zhang YX, Zhang BJ, Lu RY, Lai QL, Chen LH and Wu J: Clinical, imaging, and follow-up observations of patients with anti-GABAB receptor encephalitis. Int J Neurosci. 127:379–385. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Zuliani L, Graus F, Giometto B, Bien C and Vincent A: Central nervous system neuronal surface antibody associated syndromes: Review and guidelines for recognition. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 83:638–645. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Graus F, Titulaer MJ, Balu R, Benseler S, Bien CG, Cellucci T, Cortese I, Dale RC, Gelfand JM, Geschwind M, et al: A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. Lancet Neurol. 15:391–404. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

van Swieten JC, Koudstaal PJ, Visser MC, Schouten HJ and van Gijn J: Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients. Stroke. 19:604–607. 1988.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Hainsworth JB, Shishido A, Theeler BJ, Carroll CG and Fasano RE: Treatment responsive GABA(B)-receptor limbic encephalitis presenting as new-onset super refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) in a deployed U.S. soldier. Epileptic Disord. 16:486–493. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Emson PC: GABA(B) receptors: Structure and function. Prog Brain Res. 160:43–57. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Prosser HM, Gill CH, Hirst WD, Grau E, Robbins M, Calver A, Soffin EM, Farmer CE, Lanneau C, Gray J, et al: Epileptogenesis and enhanced prepulse inhibition in GABA(B1)-deficient mice. Mol Cell Neurosci. 17:1059–1070. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Boronat A, Sabater L, Saiz A, Dalmau J and Graus F: GABA(B) receptor antibodies in limbic encephalitis and anti-GAD associated neurologic disorders. Neurology. 76:795–800. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Jia XT, Pan Y, Di Z, Gu N, Liu Z and Kang YM: Anti-GABAB receptor encephalitis in a patient with gastric adenocarcinoma. Neurol Sci. 39:1981–1984. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Mizuta K, Osawa Y, Mizuta F, Xu D and Emala CW: Functional expression of GABAB receptors in airway epithelium. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 39:1981–1984. 2018.

19 

DeLuca I, Blachère NE, Santomasso B and Darnell RB: Tolerance to the neuron-specific paraneoplastic HuD antigen. PLoS One. 4(e5739)2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Titulaer MJ, Soffietti R, Dalmau J, Gilhus NE, Giometto B, Graus F, Grisold W, Honnorat J, Sillevis Smitt PA, Tanasescu R, et al: Screening for tumours in paraneoplastic syndromes: Report of an EFNS task force. Eur J Neurol. 18:e19–e3. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Dubey D, Samudra N, Gupta P, Agostini M, Ding K, Van Ness PC, Vernino S and Hays R: Retrospective case series of the clinical features, management and outcomes of patients with autoimmune epilepsy. Seizure. 29:143–147. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhao XH, Yang X, Liu XW and Wang SJ: Clinical features and outcomes of Chinese patients with anti‑γ‑aminobutyric acid B receptor encephalitis. Exp Ther Med 20: 617-622, 2020.
APA
Zhao, X., Yang, X., Liu, X., & Wang, S. (2020). Clinical features and outcomes of Chinese patients with anti‑γ‑aminobutyric acid B receptor encephalitis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20, 617-622. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8684
MLA
Zhao, X., Yang, X., Liu, X., Wang, S."Clinical features and outcomes of Chinese patients with anti‑γ‑aminobutyric acid B receptor encephalitis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20.1 (2020): 617-622.
Chicago
Zhao, X., Yang, X., Liu, X., Wang, S."Clinical features and outcomes of Chinese patients with anti‑γ‑aminobutyric acid B receptor encephalitis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20, no. 1 (2020): 617-622. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8684
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhao XH, Yang X, Liu XW and Wang SJ: Clinical features and outcomes of Chinese patients with anti‑γ‑aminobutyric acid B receptor encephalitis. Exp Ther Med 20: 617-622, 2020.
APA
Zhao, X., Yang, X., Liu, X., & Wang, S. (2020). Clinical features and outcomes of Chinese patients with anti‑γ‑aminobutyric acid B receptor encephalitis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20, 617-622. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8684
MLA
Zhao, X., Yang, X., Liu, X., Wang, S."Clinical features and outcomes of Chinese patients with anti‑γ‑aminobutyric acid B receptor encephalitis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20.1 (2020): 617-622.
Chicago
Zhao, X., Yang, X., Liu, X., Wang, S."Clinical features and outcomes of Chinese patients with anti‑γ‑aminobutyric acid B receptor encephalitis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20, no. 1 (2020): 617-622. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8684
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team