Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence in pregnant women in the western region of Romania: A large‑scale study

Gorun,Florin; Motoi,Sorin; Malita,Daniel; Navolan,Dan   Bogdan; Nemescu,Dragos; Olariu,Tudor  Rares; Craina,Marius; Vilibic‑Cavlek,Tatjana; Ciohat,Ioana; Boda,Daniel; Dobrescu,Amadeus

doi:10.3892/etm.2020.8945

Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence in pregnant women in the western region of Romania: A large‑scale study

Authors:
- Florin Gorun
- Sorin Motoi
- Daniel Malita
- Dan Bogdan Navolan
- Dragos Nemescu
- Tudor Rares Olariu
- Marius Craina
- Tatjana Vilibic‑Cavlek
- Ioana Ciohat
- Daniel Boda
- Amadeus Dobrescu
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania, Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania, Department of Parasitology, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania, Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Antenatal Laboratory, Emergency Clinical City Hospital, 300202 Timisoara, Romania, Dermatology Research Laboratory, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania, Departament of Surgery, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Published online on: June 25, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8945
Pages: 2439-2443
Copyright: © Gorun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common congenital infection worldwide, and remains a significant cause of the neurological deficiency and sensory deafness in developed countries. Maternal primary infection, reactivation or reinfection during pregnancy may lead to fetal infection and congenital CMV syndrome. The purpose of this study was to analyze the CMV seroprevalence according to demographic features of pregnant women in western Romania as well as the evolution of CMV immunity in two time intervals. IgG anti‑CMV antibodies were tested in sera of 8,951 pregnant women during two successive intervals: 2008‑2010 (n=1466) and 2015‑2018 (n=7485). The CMV seroprevalence in women of reproductive age decreased from 94.6 to 91.80% in the last decade. The seroprevalence was higher in women from rural areas compared with those from urban areas. These results show that the western region of Romania has a low‑risk profile for primary CMV infection during pregnancy due to a large number of seropositive women. However, this risk has increased in the last ten years, from 5.4 to 8.2%, which may show the need to implement a national screening program.

View Figures

View References

1	Gupta M and Shorman M: Cytomegalovirus. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, FL, 2020.
2	Harrison T, Kasper D, Hauser S, Jameson J, Fauci A, Longo D and Loscalzo J: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 20th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education, New York, NY, pp1361-1365, 2018.
3	Cunningham G, Leveno K and Gilstrap L: Williams Obstetrics. 22nd edition. McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing, New York, NY, 2005.
4	Kenneson A and Cannon MJ: Review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Rev Med Virol. 17:253–276. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
5	Fowler KB and Boppana SB: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Semin Perinatol. 42:149–154. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
6	Kagan KO and Hamprecht K: Cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 296:15–26. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
7	Marsico C and Kimberlin D: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: Advances and challenges in diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Ital J Pediatr. 43(38)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
8	Mussi-Pinhata MM, Yamamoto AY, Moura Brito RM, de Lima Isaac M, de Carvalho e Oliveira PF, Boppana S and Britt WJ: Birth prevalence and natural history of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in a highly seroimmune population. Clin Infect Dis. 49:522–528. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
9	Naing ZW, Scott GM, Shand A, Hamilton ST, van Zuylen WJ, Basha J, Hall B, Craig ME and Rawlinson WD: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy: A review of prevalence, clinical features, diagnosis and prevention. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol. 56:9–18. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
10	Picone O, Vauloup-Fellous C, Cordier AG, Guitton S, Senat MV, Fuchs F, Ayoubi JM, Grangeot Keros L and Benachi A: A series of 238 cytomegalovirus primary infections during pregnancy: Description and outcome. Prenat Diagn. 33:751–758. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
11	Pass RF, Fowler KB, Boppana SB, Britt WJ and Stagno S: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection following first trimester maternal infection: Symptoms at birth and outcome. J Clin Virol. 35:216–220. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
12	Zuhair M, Smit GS, Wallis G, Jabbar F, Smith C, Devleesschauwer B and Griffiths P: Estimation of the worldwide seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol. 29(e2034)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
13	Cannon MJ, Schmid DS and Hyde TB: Review of cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and demographic characteristics associated with infection. Rev Med Virol. 20:202–213. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
14	World Health Organization: (2014). Adolescent Pregnancy. http://www.who.int/media-centre/factsheets/fs364/en/. Accessed Feb 17, 2015.
15	Diaconescu S, Ciuhodaru T, Cazacu C, Sztankovszky LZ, Kantor C and Iorga M: Teenage mothers, an increasing social phenomenon in Romania. Causes, consequences and solutions. Rev Cercet Interv Soc. 51:162–175. 2015.
16	Iorga M, Socolov R and Socolov D: An 8 years analysis of pregnancies and births among teenagers in a University Hospital in North-Eastern Romania. Rev de Cercet si Interv Soc. 54:55–65. 2016.
17	Vilibic-Cavlek T, Ljubin-Sternak S, Ban M, Kolaric B, Sviben M and Mlinaric-Galinovic G: Seroprevalence of TORCH infections in women of childbearing age in Croatia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 24:280–283. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
18	Vilibic-Cavlek T, Kolaric B, Beader N, Vrtar I, Tabain I and Mlinaric-Galinovic G: Seroepidemiology of cytomegalovirus infections in Croatia. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 129:129–135. 2017.(In German). PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
19	Vereeck S, Vereeck S and Jacquemyn Y: Screening for cytomegalovirus: An analysis of guidelines. J Pregnancy Child Health. 3(287)2016.
20	Khalil A, Heath P, Jones C and Soe A: Ville YG on behalf of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: Update on treatment: Scientific impact paper No. 56. BJOG. 125:e1–e11. 2018.
21	Walker SP, Palma-Dias R, Wood EM, Shekleton P and Giles ML: Cytomegalovirus in pregnancy: To screen or not to screen. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 13(96)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
22	Taniguchi K, Watanabe N, Sato A, Jwa SC, Suzuki T, Yamanobe Y, Sago H and Kozuka K: Changes in cytomegalovirus seroprevalence in pregnant Japanese women - a 10-year single center study. J Clin Virol. 59:192–194. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
23	Odland ML, Strand KM, Nordbø SA, Forsmo S, Austgulen R and Iversen AC: Changing patterns of cytomegalovirus sero-prevalence among pregnant women in Norway between 1995 and 2009 examined in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study and two cohorts from Sor-Trondelag County: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 3(e003066)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
24	Enders G, Daiminger A, Lindemann L, Knotek F, Bäder U, Exler S and Enders M: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seroprevalence in pregnant women, bone marrow donors and adolescents in Germany, 1996-2010. Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl). 201:303–309. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
25	De Paschale M, Agrappi C, Manco MT, Paganini A and Clerici P: Incidence and risk of cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy in an urban area of Northern Italy. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2009(206505)2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar