Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
September-2020 Volume 20 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2020 Volume 20 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

S‑1‑Propenylcysteine, a sulfur compound in aged garlic extract, alleviates cold‑induced reduction in peripheral blood flow in rat via activation of the AMPK/eNOS/NO pathway

  • Authors:
    • Mitsuyasu Ushijima
    • Kayo Kunimura
    • Jun‑Ichiro Suzuki
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima 739‑1195, Japan
    Copyright: © Ushijima et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 2815-2821
    |
    Published online on: July 7, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8969
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Aged garlic extract (AGE) has been shown to improve peripheral circulatory disturbances in both clinical trials and experimental animal models. To investigate the effect of S‑1‑propenylcysteine (S1PC), a characteristic sulfur compound in AGE, on cold‑induced reduction in tail blood flow of rat, Wistar rats were individually placed in a restraint cage and given the treatment with cold water (15˚C) after the oral administration of AGE or its constituents S1PC, S‑allylcysteine (SAC) and S‑allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC). After the cold‑treatment the tail blood flow of rats was measured at the indicated times. The pretreatment with AGE (2 g/kg BW) and S1PC (6.5 mg/kg BW) significantly alleviated the reduction of rat tail blood flow induced by cold treatment. The effect of S1PC was dose‑dependent and maximal at the dose of 6.5 mg/kg BW, whereas SAC and SAMC were ineffective. To gain insight into the mechanism of S1PC action, the concentration of nitrogen oxide metabolites (NOx) in the plasma and the levels of phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and 5'‑AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the aorta were measured. The pretreatment with S1PC significantly increased the plasma concentration of NOx as well as the level of phosphorylated form of AMPK and eNOS in the aorta after cold‑treatment. The present findings suggest that S1PC is a major constituent responsible for the effect of AGE to alleviate the cold‑induced reduction of peripheral blood flow in rat by acting on the AMPK/eNOS/NO pathway in the aorta.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Elam M and Wallin BG: Skin blood flow responses to mental stress in man depend on body temperature. Acta Physiol Scand. 129:429–431. 1987.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Liu C, Yavar Z and Sun Q: Cardiovascular response to thermoregulatory challenges. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 309:H1793–H1812. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

LeRoy EC and Medsger TA Jr: Raynaud's phenomenon: A proposal for classification. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 10:485–488. 1992.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Lis-Święty A: Recent advances in the workup and management of Raynaud phenomenon. Pol Arch Intern Med. 129:798–808. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

United States Pharmacopeial Convention I. United States Pharmacopoeia 38 Garlic Fluid Extract USP 28-NF 33. United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville MD, pp6052-6055, 2015.

6 

Colín-González AL, Santana RA, Silva-Islas CA, Chánez-Cárdenas ME, Santamaría A and Maldonado PD: The antioxidant mechanisms underlying the aged garlic extract- and S-allylcysteine-induced protection. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012(907162)2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Matsutomo T and Kodera Y: Development of an analytic method for sulfur compounds in aged garlic extract with the use of a postcolumn high performance liquid chromatography method with sulfur-specific detection. J Nutr. 146:450S–455S. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Ried K, Frank OR and Stocks NP: Aged garlic extract lowers blood pressure in patients with treated but uncontrolled hypertension: A randomised controlled trial. Maturitas. 67:144–150. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Ried K, Frank OR and Stocks NP: Aged garlic extract reduces blood pressure in hypertensives: A dose-response trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 67:64–70. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Ried K, Travica N and Sali A: The effect of aged garlic extract on blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors in uncontrolled hypertensives: The AGE at Heart trial. Integr Blood Press Control. 9:9–21. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Ried K, Travica N and Sali A: The effect of kyolic aged garlic extract on gut microbiota, inflammation, and cardiovascular markers in hypertensives: The GarGIC Trial. Front Nutr. 5(122)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Ried K: Garlic lowers blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, improves arterial stiffness and gut microbiota: A review and meta-analysis. Exp Ther Med. 19:1472–1478. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Budoff MJ, Ahmadi N, Gul KM, Liu ST, Flores FR, Tiano J, Takasu J, Miller E and Tsimikas S: Aged garlic extract supplemented with B vitamins, folic acid and L-arginine retards the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis: A randomized clinical trial. Prev Med. 49:101–107. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Matsumoto S, Nakanishi R, Li D, Alani A, Rezaeian P, Prabhu S, Abraham J, Fahmy MA, Dailing C, Flores F, et al: Aged garlic extract reduces low attenuation plaque in coronary arteries of patients with metabolic syndrome in a prospective randomized double-blind study. J Nutr. 146:427S–432S. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Gruenwald J, Bongartz U, Bothe G and Uebelhack R: Effects of aged garlic extract on arterial elasticity in a placebo-controlled clinical trial using EndoPAT™ technology. Exp Ther Med. 19:1490–1499. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Gὁmez-Arbelἁez D, Lahera V, Oubina P, Valero-Munoz M, Heras NL, Rodriguez Y, Garcia RG, Camacho PA and Lopez-jaramillo P: Aged garlic extract improves adiponectin levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized, crossover study. Mediators Inflamm. 285795(2013)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Zini A, Mann J, Mazor S and Vered Y: The efficacy of aged garlic extract on gingivitis - a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Dent. 29:52–56. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Harauma A and Moriguchi T: Aged garlic extract improves blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats more safely than raw garlic. J Nutr. 136 (Suppl 3):769S–773S. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Matsutomo T, Ushijima M, Kodera Y, Nakamoto M, Takashima M, Morihara N and Tamura K: Metabolomic study on the antihypertensive effect of S-1-propenylcysteine in spontaneously hypertensive rats using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 1046:147–155. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Matsutomo T, Ushijima M, Kunimura K and Ohtani M: Metabolomic study reveals the acute hypotensive effect of S-1-propenylcysteine accompanied by alteration of the plasma histidine level in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 168:148–154. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Ushijima M, Takashima M, Kunimura K, Kodera Y, Morihara N and Tamura K: Effects of S-1-propenylcysteine, a sulfur compound in aged garlic extract, on blood pressure and peripheral circulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 70:559–565. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Matsutomo T: Potential benefits of garlic and other dietary supplements for the management of hypertension (Review). Exp Ther Med. 19:1479–1484. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Chuah SC, Moore PK and Zhu YZ: S-allylcysteine mediates cardioprotection in an acute myocardial infarction rat model via a hydrogen sulfide-mediated pathway. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 293:H2693–H2701. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Borek C: Antioxidant health effects of aged garlic extract. J Nutr. 131 (Suppl 3):1010S–1015S. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Yamato O, Tsuneyoshi T, Ushijima M, Jikihara H and Yabuki A: Safety and efficacy of aged garlic extract in dogs: upregulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and Nrf2-regulated phase II antioxidant enzymes. BMC Vet Res 29:. 14(373)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Tsuneyoshi T: BACH1 mediates the antioxidant properties of aged garlic extract (Review). Exp Ther Med. 19:1500–1503. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Moriguchi T, Saito H and Nishiyama N: Aged garlic extract prolongs longevity and improves spatial memory deficit in senescence-accelerated mouse. Biol Pharm Bull. 19:305–307. 1996.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Ogawa T, Kodera Y, Hirata D, Blackwell TK and Mizunuma M: Natural thioallyl compounds increase oxidative stress resistance and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans by modulating SKN-1/Nrf. Sci Rep. 6(21611)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Kyo E, Uda N, Kasuga S and Itakura Y: Immunomodulatory effects of aged garlic extract. J Nutr. 131 (Suppl 3):1075S–1079S. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Suzuki J, Yamaguchi T, Matsutomo T, Amano H, Morihara N and Kodera Y: S-1-Propenylcysteine promotes the differentiation of B cells into IgA-producing cells by the induction of Erk1/2-dependent Xbp1 expression in Peyer's patches. Nutrition. 32:884–889. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Suzuki J, Miki S, Ushijima M and Kodera Y: Regulation of immune response by S-1-propenylcysteine through autophagy-mediated protein degradation (Review). Exp Ther Med. 19:1570–1573. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Ushijima M, Sumioka I, Kakimoto M, Yokoyama K, Uda N, Matsuura H, Kyo E, Suzuki A, Kasuga S, Itakura Y, et al: Effect of garlic and garlic preparations on physiological and psychological stress in mice. Phytother Res. 11:226–230. 1997.

33 

Morihara N, Ushijima M, Kashimoto N, Sumioka I, Nishihama T, Hayama M and Takeda H: Aged garlic extract ameliorates physical fatigue. Biol Pharm Bull. 29:962–966. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Kasuga S, Ushijima M, Morihara N, Itakura Y and Nakata Y: Effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) on hyperglycemia induced by immobilization stress in mice]. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 114:191–197. 1999.(In Japanese). PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Kyo E, Uda N, Ushijima M, Kasuga S and Itakura Y: Prevention of psychological stress-induced immune suppression by aged garlic extract. Phytomedicine. 6:325–330. 1999.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Morihara N, Hino A, Miki S, Takashima M and Suzuki JI: Aged garlic extract suppresses inflammation in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Mol Nutr Food Res. 61(1700308)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Suzuki JI, Kodera Y, Miki S, Ushijima M, Takashima M, Matsutomo T and Morihara N: Anti-inflammatory action of cysteine derivative S-1-propenylcysteine by inducing MyD88 degradation. Sci Rep. 8(14148)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Ohtani M and Nishimura T: Sulfur-containing amino acids in aged garlic extract inhibit inflammation in human gingival epithelial cells by suppressing intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and IL-6 secretion. Biomed Rep. 12:99–108. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Miki S, Suzuki JI, Kunimura K and Morihara N: Mechanisms underlying the attenuation of chronic inflammatory diseases by aged garlic extract: Involvement of the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (Review). Exp Ther Med. 19:1462–1467. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Nakagawa S, Kasuga S and Matsuura H: Prevention of liver damage by aged garlic extract and its components in mice. Phytother Res. 3:50–53. 1989.

41 

Okuhara T: Clinical study of GE on peripheral circulation. Jpn Pharmacol Ther. 22:3695–3701. 1994.

42 

Wlosinska M, Nilsson AC, Hlebowicz J, Malmsjö M, Fakhro M and Lindstedt S: Aged garlic extract preserves cutaneous microcirculation in patients with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases: A double-blinded placebo-controlled study. Int Wound J. 16:1487–1493. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Mizuno I, Sumioka I, Ushijima M, Yasuda K, Mouri Y, Mizuho O, Ogasawara K and Kyo E: Improvement of peripheral blood circulation in mouse and human with aged garlic extract preparation combined with ginseng, oriental bezoar, antler velvet, cuscuta seed and epimedium herb. Pharmacometrics. 67:371–378. 2004.

44 

Guan J, Lin H, Xie M, Huang M, Zhang D, Ma S, Bian W, Zhan Q and Zhao G: Higenamine exerts an antispasmodic effect on cold-induced vasoconstriction by regulating the PI3K/Akt, ROS/α2C-AR and PTK9 pathways independently. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 5:935–938. 2012.

45 

Ning SY, Jiang BP, Xu L, Fang TH and Wu MH: Effect of Liangxuehuayu Recipe on hemorheology in rats with blood stasis syndrome. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 5:935–938. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Ryan TJ and Copeman PW: Microvascular pattern and blood stasis in skin disease. Br J Dermatol. 81:563–573. 1969.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

47 

López-López JG, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Cogolludo AL, Ibarra M, Zaragozá-Arnáez F and Tamargo J: Nitric oxide- and nitric oxide donors-induced relaxation and its modulation by oxidative stress in piglet pulmonary arteries. Br J Pharmacol. 133:615–624. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Johnson JM and Proppe DW: Cardiovascular adjustments to heat stress. In: Handbook of physiology. Section 4: Environmental physiology. Fregley MJ and Blatteis CM (eds). Oxford University Press, New York, NY. pp215–243. 1996.

49 

Rowell LB: Human circulation: regulation during physical stress. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1986.

50 

Thompson-Torgerson CS, Holowatz LA, Flavahan NA and Kenney WL: Cold-induced cutaneous vasoconstriction is mediated by Rho kinase in vivo in human skin. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 292:H1700–H1705. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

51 

Koganezawa T, Ishikawa T, Fujita Y, Yamashita T, Tajima T, Honda M and Nakayama K: Local regulation of skin blood flow during cooling involving presynaptic P2 purinoceptors in rats. Br J Pharmacol. 148:579–586. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

52 

Takashima M, Kanamori Y, Kodera Y, Morihara N and Tamura K: Aged garlic extract exerts endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect on rat aorta by increasing nitric oxide production. Phytomedicine. 24:56–61. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Lindauer U, Megow D, Matsuda H and Dirnagl U: Nitric oxide: A modulator, but not a mediator, of neurovascular coupling in rat somatosensory cortex. Am J Physiol. 277:H799–H811. 1999.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

54 

Hodges GJ, Traeger JA III, Tang T, Kosiba WA, Zhao K and Johnson JM: Role of sensory nerves in the cutaneous vasoconstrictor response to local cooling in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 293:H784–H789. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

55 

Zhao Y, Vanhoutte PM and Leung SWS: Vascular nitric oxide: Beyond eNOS. J Pharmacol Sci. 129:83–94. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

56 

Morihara N, Sumioka I, Moriguchi T, Uda N and Kyo E: Aged garlic extract enhances production of nitric oxide. Life Sci. 71:509–517. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

57 

Binti Md Isa K, Kawasaki N, Ueyama K, Sumii T and Kudo S: Effects of cold exposure and shear stress on endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 412:318–322. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

58 

Zhang Y, Lee TS, Kolb EM, Sun K, Lu X, Sladek FM, Kassab GS, Garland T Jr and Shyy JY: AMP-activated protein kinase is involved in endothelial NO synthase activation in response to shear stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 26:1281–1287. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

59 

Zheng Q, Yuan Y, Yi W, Lau WB, Wang Y, Wang X, Sun Y, Lopez BL, Christopher TA, Peterson JM, et al: C1q/TNF-related proteins, a family of novel adipokines, induce vascular relaxation through the adiponectin receptor-1/AMPK/eNOS/nitric oxide signaling pathway. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 31:2616–2623. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Ushijima M, Kunimura K and Suzuki JI: S‑1‑Propenylcysteine, a sulfur compound in aged garlic extract, alleviates cold‑induced reduction in peripheral blood flow in rat via activation of the AMPK/eNOS/NO pathway. Exp Ther Med 20: 2815-2821, 2020.
APA
Ushijima, M., Kunimura, K., & Suzuki, J. (2020). S‑1‑Propenylcysteine, a sulfur compound in aged garlic extract, alleviates cold‑induced reduction in peripheral blood flow in rat via activation of the AMPK/eNOS/NO pathway. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20, 2815-2821. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8969
MLA
Ushijima, M., Kunimura, K., Suzuki, J."S‑1‑Propenylcysteine, a sulfur compound in aged garlic extract, alleviates cold‑induced reduction in peripheral blood flow in rat via activation of the AMPK/eNOS/NO pathway". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20.3 (2020): 2815-2821.
Chicago
Ushijima, M., Kunimura, K., Suzuki, J."S‑1‑Propenylcysteine, a sulfur compound in aged garlic extract, alleviates cold‑induced reduction in peripheral blood flow in rat via activation of the AMPK/eNOS/NO pathway". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20, no. 3 (2020): 2815-2821. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8969
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ushijima M, Kunimura K and Suzuki JI: S‑1‑Propenylcysteine, a sulfur compound in aged garlic extract, alleviates cold‑induced reduction in peripheral blood flow in rat via activation of the AMPK/eNOS/NO pathway. Exp Ther Med 20: 2815-2821, 2020.
APA
Ushijima, M., Kunimura, K., & Suzuki, J. (2020). S‑1‑Propenylcysteine, a sulfur compound in aged garlic extract, alleviates cold‑induced reduction in peripheral blood flow in rat via activation of the AMPK/eNOS/NO pathway. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20, 2815-2821. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8969
MLA
Ushijima, M., Kunimura, K., Suzuki, J."S‑1‑Propenylcysteine, a sulfur compound in aged garlic extract, alleviates cold‑induced reduction in peripheral blood flow in rat via activation of the AMPK/eNOS/NO pathway". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20.3 (2020): 2815-2821.
Chicago
Ushijima, M., Kunimura, K., Suzuki, J."S‑1‑Propenylcysteine, a sulfur compound in aged garlic extract, alleviates cold‑induced reduction in peripheral blood flow in rat via activation of the AMPK/eNOS/NO pathway". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20, no. 3 (2020): 2815-2821. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8969
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team