Horseradish peroxidase interacts with the cell wall peptidoglycans on oral bacteria

Mizuno,Hirofumi; Takayama,Eiji; Satoh,Ayano; Into,Takeshi; Adachi,Masanori; Ekuni,Daisuke; Yashiro,Koji; Mizuno‑Kamiya,Masako; Nagayama,Motohiko; Saku,Seitaro; Tomofuji,Takaaki; Doi,Yutaka; Murakami,Yukitaka; Kondoh,Nobuo; Morita,Manabu

doi:10.3892/etm.2020.9016

September-2020 Volume 20 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

September-2020 Volume 20 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Article

Horseradish peroxidase interacts with the cell wall peptidoglycans on oral bacteria

Authors:
- Hirofumi Mizuno
- Eiji Takayama
- Ayano Satoh
- Takeshi Into
- Masanori Adachi
- Daisuke Ekuni
- Koji Yashiro
- Masako Mizuno‑Kamiya
- Motohiko Nagayama
- Seitaro Saku
- Takaaki Tomofuji
- Yutaka Doi
- Yukitaka Murakami
- Nobuo Kondoh
- Manabu Morita
View Affiliations / Copyright

Affiliations: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700‑8558, Japan, Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu 501‑0296, Japan, Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Healthcare Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700‑8530, Japan, Department of Oral Microbiology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu 501‑0296, Japan, Department of Dental Materials Science, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu 501‑0296, Japan, Department of Oral Pathology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu 501‑0296, Japan, Department of Operative Dentistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu 501‑0296, Japan
Pages: 2822-2827
|
Published online on: July 16, 2020

https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9016
Expand metrics +

Abstract

Salivary peroxidase and myeloperoxidase are known to display antibacterial activity against oral microbes, and previous indications have pointed to the possibility that horseradish peroxidase (HRP) adsorbs onto the membrane of the major oral streptococci, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis). However, the mechanism of interaction between HRP and the bacterial cell wall component is unclear. Dental plaques containing salivary glycoproteins and extracellular microbial products are visualized with ‘dental plaque disclosing agent’, and are controlled within dental therapy. However, current ‘dental plaque disclosing agents’ are difficult to evaluate with just dental plaques, since they stain and disclose not only dental plaques but also pellicle formed with salivary glycoproteins on a tooth surface. In this present study, we have demonstrated that HRP interacted with the cell wall component of the major gram‑positive bacterial peptidoglycan, but not the major cell wall component of gram‑negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, we observed that the adsorbed HRP labeled with fluorescence was detected on the major oral gram‑positive strains S. sanguinis and Streptococcus salivarius (S. salivarius), but not on a gram‑negative strain, Escherichia coli (E. coli). Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the combination of HRP and chromogenic substrate clearly disclosed the dental plaques and the biofilm developed by S. sanguinis, S. salivarius and the major gram‑postive bacteria Lactobacillus casei on tooth surfaces, and slightly disclosed the biofilm by E. coli. The combination of HRP and chromogenic substrate did not stain either the dental pellicle with the salivary glycoprotein mucin, or naked tooth surfaces. These results have suggested the possibility that the adsorption activity of HRP not only contributes to the evaluation of dental plaque, but that enzymatic activity of HRP may also contribute to improve dental hygiene.

View Figures

View References

1	Azevedo AM, Martins VC, Prazeres DM, Vojinović V, Cabral JM and Fonseca LP: Horseradish peroxidase: A valuable tool in biotechnology. Biotechnol Annu Rev. 9:199–247. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
2	Nunavath H, Banoth C, Talluri VR and Bhukya B: An analysis of horseradish peroxidase enzyme for effluent treatment. Bioinformation. 12:318–323. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
3	Poon HF, Calabrese V, Scapagnini G and Butterfield DA: Free radicals and brain aging. Clin Geriatr Med. 20:329–359. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
4	Ihalin R, Loimaranta V, Lenander-Lumikari M and Tenovuo J: The effects of different (pseudo) halide substrates on peroxidase-mediated killing of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodontal Res. 33:421–427. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
5	Pruitt KM, Mansson-Rahemtulla B, Baldone DC and Rahemtulla F: Steady-state kinetics of thiocyanate oxidation catalyzed by human salivary peroxidase. Biochemistry. 27:240–245. 1988.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
6	Tenovuo J and Pruitt KM: Relationship of the human salivary peroxidase system to oral health. J Oral Pathol. 13:573–584. 1984.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
7	Schultz CP, Ahmed MK, Dawes C and Mantsch HH: Thiocyanate levels in human saliva: Quantitation by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Anal Biochem. 240:7–12. 1996.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
8	Lai CH, Listgarten MA and Rosan B: Immunoelectron microscopic identification and localization of Streptococcus sanguinis with peroxidase-labeled antibody: Localization of surface antigens in pure cultures. Infect Immun. 11:193–199. 1975.PubMed/NCBI
9	Karigar CS and Rao SS: Role of microbial enzymes in the bioremediation of pollutants: A review. Enzyme Res. 2011(805187)2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
10	Addy M, Slayne MA and Wade WG: The formation and control of dental plaque-an overview. J Appl Bacteriol. 73:269–278. 1992.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
11	Claydon NC: Current concepts in toothbrushing and interdental cleaning. Periodontol 2000. 48:10–22. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
12	Löe H: Oral hygiene in the prevention of caries and periodontal disease. Int Dent J. 50:129–139. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
13	Socransky SS and Haffajee AD: Dental biofilms: Difficult therapeutic targets. Periodontol 2000. 28:12–55. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
14	Loe H, Theilade E and Jensen SB: Experimental gingivitis in man. J Periodontol. 36:177–187. 1965.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
15	Kelner RM, Wohl BR, Deasy MJ and Formicola AJ: Ginigival inflammation as related to frequency of plaque removal. J Periodontol. 45:303–307. 1974.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
16	Lang NP, Cumming BR and Löe H: Toothbrushing frequency as it relates to plaque development and gingival health. J Periodontol. 44:396–405. 1973.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
17	Löe H: The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. J Periodontol. 38:610–616. 1967.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
18	O'Leary TJ, Drake RB and Naylor JE: The plaque control record. J Periodontol. 43(38)1972.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
19	Sumter S and Arnim BA: The use of disclosing agents for measuring tooth cleanliness. J Periodontol. 34:227–245. 1963.
20	Block PL, Lobene RR and Derdivanis JP: A two-tone dye test for dental plaque. J Periodontol. 43:423–426. 1972.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
21	Gallagher IH, Fussell SJ and Cutress TW: Mechanism of action of a two-tone plaque disclosing agent. J Periodontol. 48:395–396. 1977.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
22	Doi Y, Koda T, Wakamatsu N, Goto T, Kamemizu H, Moriwaki Y, Adachi M and Suwa Y: Influence of carbonate on sintering of apatites. J Dent Res. 72:1279–1284. 1993.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
23	Lee HS, Myers C, Zaidel L, Nalam PC, Caporizzo MA, A Daep C and Eckmann DM: Masters JG and Composto RJ: Competitive adsorption of polyelectrolytes onto and into pellicle-coated hydroxyapatite investigated by QCM-D and force spectroscopy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 9:13079–13091. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
24	Scannopieco FA, Bergey EJ, Reddy MS and Levine MJ: Characterization of salivary alpha-amylase binding to Streptococcus sanguinis. Infect Immun. 57:2853–2863. 1989.PubMed/NCBI
25	Cukkemane N, Bikker FJ, Nazmi K, Brand HS and Veerman EC: Identification and characterization of a salivary-pellicle-binding peptide by phage display. Arch Oral Biol. 59:448–454. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
26	Vollmer W and Seligman SJ: Architecture of peptidoglycan: More data and more models. Trends Microbiol. 18:59–66. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
27	Amako K, Takade A, Taniai H and Yoshida S: Electron microscopic examination of uncultured soil-dwelling bacteria. Microbiol Immunol. 52:265–269. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
28	Ritz HL: Microbial population shifts in developing human dental plaque. Arch Oral Biol. 12:1561–1568. 1967.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
29	Gibbons RJ and van Houte J: On the formation of dental plaques. J Periodontol. 44:347–360. 1973.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
30	Hu J, Mao Y and White K: Renal cell carcinoma and occupational exposure to chemicals in Canada. Occup Med (Lond). 52:157–164. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Oncology

Molecular Medicine Reports

Oncology Reports

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Oncology Letters

Biomedical Reports

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

World Academy of Sciences Journal

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Epigenetics

Medicine International

Horseradish peroxidase interacts with the cell wall peptidoglycans on oral bacteria

This article is mentioned in:

Abstract

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Related Articles