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Treating vaginitis with probiotics in non‑pregnant females: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

  • Authors:
    • Huey‑Sheng Jeng
    • Tsong‑Rong Yan
    • Jing‑Yi Chen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Tatung University, Taipei 10452, Taiwan, R.O.C., School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I‑Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan, R.O.C.
    Copyright: © Jeng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 3749-3765
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    Published online on: August 3, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9090
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Abstract

Vaginitis, also known as vulvovaginitis, is an inflammation of the vagina and vulva and a common disease in females. It is thought to be caused by vaginal dysbiosis and improved by probiotics. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) are the major types of vaginal infections. The present systematic review and meta‑analysis aimed to clarify the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of common vaginal infections in non‑pregnant females. Literature on randomized controlled trials and two‑armed prospective studies on any intervention with probiotics published until December 24th, 2018 was searched in the PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE databases. The outcomes of interest were recurrence rate, cure rate, remission rate and normal vaginal flora restoration. Finally, a total of 30 studies on bacterial vaginosis (BV) and/or VVC were included and stratified into 3 study types based on treatment design as follows: Type I, antibiotic/probiotics vs. antibiotics/antifungals (22 studies); Type II, probiotics vs. placebo (5 studies); Type III, probiotics vs. antibiotics (3 studies). The type I studies comprised 1,788 non‑pregnant females and had the highest inter‑study comparability in post‑treatment follow‑up design and meta‑analysis outcome data. Probiotics interventions were significantly associated with a lower recurrence rate of vaginitis [pooled odds ratio (OR)=0.27, 95% CI: 0.18‑0.41, P<0.001] and higher cure/remission rate (pooled OR=2.28, 95% CI: 1.20‑4.32, P=0.011). However, a significant increase in normal vaginal flora after probiotic treatment was observed only in BV (pooled OR=4.55, 95% CI: 1.44‑14.35, P=0.01). In addition, supportive but heterogeneous results were obtained from the 6‑month follow‑up data of Type‑I studies, different infection types and supplementary analysis of Type‑II studies. In conclusion, probiotics have a significant short‑term effect in the treatment of common vaginal infections in non‑pregnant females. In order to evaluate the long‑term effects of probiotics in common vaginal infections, it is worthwhile to perform higher‑quality clinical trials in the future.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Jeng HS, Yan TR and Chen JY: Treating vaginitis with probiotics in non‑pregnant females: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Exp Ther Med 20: 3749-3765, 2020.
APA
Jeng, H., Yan, T., & Chen, J. (2020). Treating vaginitis with probiotics in non‑pregnant females: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20, 3749-3765. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9090
MLA
Jeng, H., Yan, T., Chen, J."Treating vaginitis with probiotics in non‑pregnant females: A systematic review and meta‑analysis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20.4 (2020): 3749-3765.
Chicago
Jeng, H., Yan, T., Chen, J."Treating vaginitis with probiotics in non‑pregnant females: A systematic review and meta‑analysis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20, no. 4 (2020): 3749-3765. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9090
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Jeng HS, Yan TR and Chen JY: Treating vaginitis with probiotics in non‑pregnant females: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Exp Ther Med 20: 3749-3765, 2020.
APA
Jeng, H., Yan, T., & Chen, J. (2020). Treating vaginitis with probiotics in non‑pregnant females: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20, 3749-3765. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9090
MLA
Jeng, H., Yan, T., Chen, J."Treating vaginitis with probiotics in non‑pregnant females: A systematic review and meta‑analysis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20.4 (2020): 3749-3765.
Chicago
Jeng, H., Yan, T., Chen, J."Treating vaginitis with probiotics in non‑pregnant females: A systematic review and meta‑analysis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20, no. 4 (2020): 3749-3765. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9090
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