Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
October-2020 Volume 20 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2020 Volume 20 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Impact of chitosan membrane culture on the expression of pro‑ and anti‑inflammatory cytokines in mesenchymal stem cells

  • Authors:
    • Peng Yi
    • Xiongfeng Xu
    • Bo Qiu
    • Huajie Li
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Yi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 3695-3702
    |
    Published online on: August 7, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9108
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory joint condition caused by various inflammatory cytokines. The pro‑inflammatory cytokines controlling OA include interleukin (IL)‑1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, IL‑6 and IL‑18. The anti‑inflammatory cytokines include IL‑4, IL‑10, IL‑13, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), glycoprotein 130 (IL6ST), TNF‑α‑stimulated gene 6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) serve an anti‑inflammatory role in the treatment of OA by secreting various cytokines. Previous studies demonstrated that the anti‑inflammatory ability of MSCs decreased rapidly in a traditional plate culture. Maintaining the anti‑inflammatory properties of MSCs in vitro remains challenging. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a more stable and efficient method to culture MSCs in vitro. Chitosan is a deacetylated derivative of chitin and is the second most abundant natural polysaccharide worldwide. The present study demonstrated that that MSCs cultured on chitosan membranes (CM) spontaneously formed multicellular spheroids. Compared with the control group without CM, the formation of multicellular spheres in the CM enhanced the anti‑inflammatory properties of MSCs. Expression levels of pro‑ and anti‑inflammatory genes mRNA and their proteins in MSCs were detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay. Protein and mRNA expression levels of pro‑inflammatory cytokines IL‑1β, TNF‑α, IL‑6 and IL‑18 were significantly decreased in CM‑cultured MSCs compared with the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, mRNA and protein expression levels of anti‑inflammatory cytokines TGF‑β1 in CM‑cultured MSCs were significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.01). These results indicated that the formation of multicellular spheroids by CM‑cultured MSCs aided in maintaining anti‑inflammatory effects.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Glyn-Jones S, Palmer AJ, Agricola R, Price AJ, Vincent TL, Weinans H and Carr AJ: Osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Lancet. 386:376–387. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Charlier E, Deroyer C, Ciregia F, Malaise O, Neuville S, Plener Z, Malaise M and de Seny D: Chondrocyte dedifferentiation and osteoarthritis (OA). Biochem Pharmacol. 165:49–65. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Wojdasiewicz P, Poniatowski LA and Szukiewicz D: The role of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Mediators Inflamm. 2014(561459)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Vangsness CT Jr, Burke WS, Narvy SJ, MacPhee RD and Fedenko AN: Human knee synovial fluid cytokines correlated with grade of knee osteoarthritis - a pilot study. Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis. 69:122–127. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Mueller MB and Tuan RS: Anabolic/Catabolic balance in pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: Identifying molecular targets. PM R. 3 (Suppl 1):S3–S11. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Aboushady IM, Salem ZA, Sabry D and Mohamed A: Comparative study of the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different sources. J Clin Exp Dent. 10:e7–e13. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Gao W, Lin M, Liang A, Zhang L, Chen C, Liang G, Xu C, Peng Y, Chen C, Huang D, et al: Melatonin enhances chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Pineal Res. 56:62–70. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Du Z, Wei C, Cheng K, Han B, Yan J, Zhang M, Peng C and Liu Y: Mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium reduces liver injury and enhances regeneration in reduced-size rat liver transplantation. J Surg Res. 183:907–915. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Delling U, Brehm W, Ludewig E, Winter K and Jülke H: Longitudinal evaluation of effects of intra-articular mesenchymal stromal cell administration for the treatment of osteoarthritis in an ovine model. Cell Transplant. 24:2391–2407. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Saulnier N, Viguier E, Perrier-Groult E, Chenu C, Pillet E, Roger T, Maddens S and Boulocher C: Intra-articular administration of xenogeneic neonatal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells early after meniscal injury down-regulates metalloproteinase gene expression in synovium and prevents cartilage degradation in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 23:122–133. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhou L, Zou Y, Huang G, Gao G, Ting S, Lei X and Ding X: Spheroid-cultured human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Sci Rep. 8(2518)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Bartosh TJ, Ylöstalo JH, Mohammadipoor A, Bazhanov N, Coble K, Claypool K, Lee RH, Choi H and Prockop DJ: Aggregation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) into 3D spheroids enhances their antiinflammatory properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107:13724–13729. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Yeh HY, Liu BH, Sieber M and Hsu SH: Substrate-dependent gene regulation of self-assembled human MSC spheroids on chitosan membranes. BMC Genomics. 15(10)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Huang GS, Dai LG, Yen BL and Hsu SH: Spheroid formation of mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan and chitosan-hyaluronan membranes. Biomaterials. 32:6929–6945. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Shen S, Guo J, Luo Y, Zhang W, Cui Y, Wang Q, Zhang Z and Wang T: Functional proteomics revealed IL-1β amplifies TNF downstream protein signals in human synoviocytes in a TNF-independent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 450:538–544. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Ismail HM, Yamamoto K, Vincent TL, Nagase h, Troeberg L and Saklatvala J: Interleukin-1 Acts via the JNK-2 Signaling Pathway to Induce Aggrecan Degradation by Human Chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheumatol. 67:1826–1836. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Osta B, Roux JP, Lavocat F, Pierre M, Ndongo-Thiam N, Boivin G and Miossec P: Differential Effects of IL-17A and TNF-α on Osteoblastic Differentiation of Isolated Synoviocytes and on Bone Explants from Arthritis Patients. Front Immunol. 6(151)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Lawrence JT, Birmingham J and Toth AP: Emerging ideas: Prevention of posttraumatic arthritis through interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 469:3522–3526. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Furman BD, Mangiapani DS, Zeitler E, Bailey KN, Horne PH, Huebner JL, Kraus VB, Guilak F and Olson SA: Targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines following joint injury: Acute intra-articular inhibition of interleukin-1 following knee injury prevents post-traumatic arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 16(R134)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Mobasheri A, Henrotin Y, Biesalski HK and Shakibaei M: Scientific evidence and rationale for the development of curcumin and resveratrol as nutraceutricals for joint health. Int J Mol Sci. 13:4202–4232. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Wang T and He C: Pro-inflammatory cytokines: The link between obesity and osteoarthritis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 44:38–50. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Assirelli E, Pulsatelli L, Dolzani P, Platano D, Olivotto E, Filardo G, Trisolino G, Facchini A, Borzì RM and Meliconi R: Human osteoarthritic cartilage shows reduced in vivo expression of IL-4, a chondroprotective cytokine that differentially modulates IL-1β-stimulated production of chemokines and matrix-degrading enzymes in vitro. PLoS One. 9(e96925)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Uchimura T, Foote AT, Smith EL, Matzkin EG and Zeng L: Insulin-Like Growth Factor II (IGF-II) Inhibits IL-1β-Induced Cartilage Matrix Loss and Promotes Cartilage Integrity in Experimental Osteoarthritis. J Cell Biochem. 116:2858–2869. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Fytili P, Giannatou E, Karachalios T, Malizos K and Tsezou A: Interleukin-10G and interleukin-10R microsatellite polymorphisms and osteoarthritis of the knee. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 23:621–627. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

26 

Coricor G and Serra R: TGF-β regulates phosphorylation and stabilization of Sox9 protein in chondrocytes through p38 and Smad dependent mechanisms. Sci Rep. 6(38616)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Huang W, Mabrouk ME, Sylvester J, Dehnade F and Zafarullah M: Enhanced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-4 gene in human osteoarthritic synovial membranes and its differential regulation by cytokines in chondrocytes. Open Rheumatol J. 5:81–87. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Wang X, Dong C, Li N, Ma Q, Yun Z, Cai C, An M and Ma B: Modulation of TGF β activity by latent TGF β binding protein 1 in human osteoarthritis fibroblast like synoviocytes. Mol Med Rep. 17:1893–1900. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Mueller MB, Fischer M, Zellner J, Berner A, Dienstknecht T, Prantl L, Kujat R, Nerlich M, Tuan RS and Angele P: Hypertrophy in mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis: Effect of TGF-beta isoforms and chondrogenic conditioning. Cells Tissues Organs. 192:158–166. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Spees JL, Lee RH and Gregory CA: Mechanisms of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell function. Stem Cell Res Ther. 7(125)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Wang S, Tong M, Hu S and Chen X: The Bioactive Substance Secreted by MSC Retards Mouse Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Calcification. BioMed Res Int. 2018(6053567)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Ichiseki T, Shimasaki M, Ueda Y, Ueda S, Tsuchiya M, Souma D, Kaneuji A and Kawahara N: Intraarticularly-Injected Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulate Anti-Inflammatory Molecules and Inhibit Pain Related Protein and Chondrolytic Enzymes in a Monoiodoacetate-Induced Rat Arthritis Model. Int J Mol Sci. 19(203)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Emadedin M, Ghorbani Liastani M, Fazeli R, Mohseni F, Moghadasali R, Mardpour S, Hosseini SE, Niknejadi M, Moeininia F, Aghahossein Fanni A, et al: Long-Term Follow-up of Intra-articular Injection of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients with Knee, Ankle, or Hip Osteoarthritis. Arch Iran Med. 18:336–344. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

34 

Liu J, Chen B, Yan F and Yang W: The Influence of Inflammatory Cytokines on the Proliferation and Osteoblastic Differentiation of MSCs. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 12:401–408. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Mehta G, Hsiao AY, Ingram M, Luker GD and Takayama S: Opportunities and challenges for use of tumor spheroids as models to test drug delivery and efficacy. J Control Release. 164:192–204. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Huang BW and Gao JQ: Application of 3D cultured multicellular spheroid tumor models in tumor-targeted drug delivery system research. J Control Release. 270:246–259. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Xu Y, Shi T, Xu A and Zhang L: 3D spheroid culture enhances survival and therapeutic capacities of MSCs injected into ischemic kidney. J Cell Mol Med. 20:1203–1213. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Ahsan SM, Thomas M, Reddy KK, Sooraparaju SG, Asthana A and Bhatnagar I: Chitosan as biomaterial in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol. 110:97–109. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Cheng NC, Wang S and Young TH: The influence of spheroid formation of human adipose-derived stem cells on chitosan films on stemness and differentiation capabilities. Biomaterials. 33:1748–1758. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Hsu SH, Huang GS and Feng F: Isolation of the multipotent MSC subpopulation from human gingival fibroblasts by culturing on chitosan membranes. Biomaterials. 33:2642–2655. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Yeh HY, Liu BH and Hsu SH: The calcium-dependent regulation of spheroid formation and cardiomyogenic differentiation for MSCs on chitosan membranes. Biomaterials. 33:8943–8954. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yi P, Xu X, Qiu B and Li H: Impact of chitosan membrane culture on the expression of pro‑ and anti‑inflammatory cytokines in mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Ther Med 20: 3695-3702, 2020.
APA
Yi, P., Xu, X., Qiu, B., & Li, H. (2020). Impact of chitosan membrane culture on the expression of pro‑ and anti‑inflammatory cytokines in mesenchymal stem cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20, 3695-3702. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9108
MLA
Yi, P., Xu, X., Qiu, B., Li, H."Impact of chitosan membrane culture on the expression of pro‑ and anti‑inflammatory cytokines in mesenchymal stem cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20.4 (2020): 3695-3702.
Chicago
Yi, P., Xu, X., Qiu, B., Li, H."Impact of chitosan membrane culture on the expression of pro‑ and anti‑inflammatory cytokines in mesenchymal stem cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20, no. 4 (2020): 3695-3702. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9108
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yi P, Xu X, Qiu B and Li H: Impact of chitosan membrane culture on the expression of pro‑ and anti‑inflammatory cytokines in mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Ther Med 20: 3695-3702, 2020.
APA
Yi, P., Xu, X., Qiu, B., & Li, H. (2020). Impact of chitosan membrane culture on the expression of pro‑ and anti‑inflammatory cytokines in mesenchymal stem cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20, 3695-3702. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9108
MLA
Yi, P., Xu, X., Qiu, B., Li, H."Impact of chitosan membrane culture on the expression of pro‑ and anti‑inflammatory cytokines in mesenchymal stem cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20.4 (2020): 3695-3702.
Chicago
Yi, P., Xu, X., Qiu, B., Li, H."Impact of chitosan membrane culture on the expression of pro‑ and anti‑inflammatory cytokines in mesenchymal stem cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 20, no. 4 (2020): 3695-3702. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9108
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team