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Review

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in children (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Carmen Duicu
    • Ana Maria Pitea
    • Oana Maria Săsăran
    • Iulia Cozea
    • Lidia Man
    • Claudia Bănescu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureş, Romania, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureş, Romania, Department of Genetics, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureş, Romania
  • Article Number: 746
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    Published online on: May 11, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10178
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Abstract

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is characterized by impaired urinary concentrating ability, despite normal or elevated plasma concentrations of the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin (AVP). NDI can be inherited or acquired. NDI can result from genetic abnormalities, such as mutations in the vasopressin V2 receptor (AVPR2) or the aquaporin‑2 (AQP2) water channel, or acquired causes, such as chronic lithium therapy. Congenital NDI is a rare condition. Mutations in AVPR2 are responsible for approximately 90% of patients with congenital NDI, and they have an X‑linked pattern of inheritance. In approximately 10% of patients, congenital NDI has an autosomal recessive or dominant pattern of inheritance with mutations in the AQP2 gene. In 2% of cases, the genetic cause is unknown. The main symptoms at presentation include growth retardation, vomiting or feeding concerns, polyuria plus polydipsia, and dehydration. Without treatment, most patients fail to grow normally, and present with associated constipation, urological complication, megacystis, trabeculated bladder, hydroureter, hydronephrosis, and mental retardation. Treatment of NDI consist of sufficient water intake, low‑sodium diet, diuretic thiazide, sometimes in combination with a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor (indomethacin) or nonsteroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or hydrochlorothiazide in combination with amiloride. Some authors note a generally favorable long‑term outcome and an apparent loss of efficacy of medical treatment during school age.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Duicu C, Pitea AM, Săsăran OM, Cozea I, Man L and Bănescu C: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in children (Review). Exp Ther Med 22: 746, 2021.
APA
Duicu, C., Pitea, A.M., Săsăran, O.M., Cozea, I., Man, L., & Bănescu, C. (2021). Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in children (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 746. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10178
MLA
Duicu, C., Pitea, A. M., Săsăran, O. M., Cozea, I., Man, L., Bănescu, C."Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in children (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.1 (2021): 746.
Chicago
Duicu, C., Pitea, A. M., Săsăran, O. M., Cozea, I., Man, L., Bănescu, C."Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in children (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 1 (2021): 746. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10178
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Duicu C, Pitea AM, Săsăran OM, Cozea I, Man L and Bănescu C: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in children (Review). Exp Ther Med 22: 746, 2021.
APA
Duicu, C., Pitea, A.M., Săsăran, O.M., Cozea, I., Man, L., & Bănescu, C. (2021). Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in children (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 746. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10178
MLA
Duicu, C., Pitea, A. M., Săsăran, O. M., Cozea, I., Man, L., Bănescu, C."Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in children (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.1 (2021): 746.
Chicago
Duicu, C., Pitea, A. M., Săsăran, O. M., Cozea, I., Man, L., Bănescu, C."Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in children (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 1 (2021): 746. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10178
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