Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
August-2021 Volume 22 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2021 Volume 22 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Upregulated osteoprotegerin expression promotes lung cancer cell invasion by increasing miR‑20a expression

  • Authors:
    • Ke Wan
    • Ziwei Tu
    • Zhentian Liu
    • Yun Cai
    • Yinglan Chen
    • Chunhua Ling
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China, Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 846
    |
    Published online on: June 7, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10278
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and a major regulatory factor in osteoclast development. OPG has been previously associated with the malignant behavior of various types of cancer, particularly that of cancer metastasis. However, information on the link between the expression profile of OPG and lung cancer metastasis remained elusive. In the present study, the expression levels of OPG in the serum samples of patients with non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was measured using ELISA. The expression of miRNAs was assessed using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. A549 or H3122 cell invasion was assessed using Transwell invasion assays. The effect of OPG on the invasiveness of lung cancer cells was evaluated using an experimental mouse lung metastasis model. OPG expression was found to be upregulated in the serum of patients with NSCLC compared with that in healthy individuals. The serum levels of OPG in patients with distant metastasis were observably higher compared with those in patients without metastasis. Functionally, overexpression of OPG in NSCLC cells markedly promoted cell invasion. Mechanistically, increased expression of OPG resulted in upregulation of microRNA (miR)‑20a in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, miR‑20a promoted NSCLC cell invasion, whilst miR‑20a inhibition partially abrogated the effect of OPG on NSCLC cell invasion. Taken together, the present results demonstrated that the OPG/miR‑20a axis serve an important role in lung cancer metastasis, which potentially provide an additional novel target for lung cancer treatment.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Molina JR, Yang P, Cassivi SD, Schild SE and Adjei AA: Non-small cell lung cancer: Epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and survivorship. Mayo Clin Proc. 83:584–594. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Yu Z, Sanders AJ, Owen S, Cheng S, Yang X and Jiang WG: Expression of osteoprotegrin is enhanced in lung cancer tissues and promotes aggressive cellular traits in H3122 lung cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 37:4277–4283. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Yano T, Okamoto T, Fukuyama S and Maehara Y: Therapeutic strategy for postoperative recurrence in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. World J Clin Oncol. 5:1048–1054. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Coello MC, Luketich JD, Litle VR and Godfrey TE: Prognostic significance of micrometastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer. 5:214–225. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Yasuda H, Shima N, Nakagawa N, Yamaguchi K, Kinosaki M, Mochizuki S, Tomoyasu A, Yano K, Goto M, Murakami A, et al: Osteoclast differentiation factor is a ligand for osteoprotegerin/osteoclastogenesis-inhibitory factor and is identical to TRANCE/RANKL. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 95:3597–3602. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Weichhaus M, Chung ST and Connelly L: Osteoprotegerin in breast cancer: Beyond bone remodeling. Mol Cancer. 14(117)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Renema N, Navet B, Heymann MF, Lezot F and Heymann D: RANK-RANKL signalling in cancer. Biosci Rep. 36(e00366)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Holen I and Shipman CM: Role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in cancer. Clin Sci (Lond). 110:279–291. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Tsukamoto S, Ishikawa T, Iida S, Ishiguro M, Mogushi K, Mizushima H, Uetake H, Tanaka H and Sugihara K: Clinical significance of osteoprotegerin expression in human colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 17:2444–2450. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Shipman CM and Croucher PI: Osteoprotegerin is a soluble decoy receptor for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand/Apo2 ligand and can function as a paracrine survival factor for human myeloma cells. Cancer Res. 63:912–916. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Weichhaus M, Segaran P, Renaud A, Geerts D and Connelly L: Osteoprotegerin expression in triple-negative breast cancer cells promotes metastasis. Cancer Med. 3:1112–1125. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Jia J, Zhou H, Zeng X and Feng S: Estrogen stimulates osteoprotegerin expression via the suppression of miR-145 expression in MG-63 cells. Mol Med Rep. 15:1539–1546. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Zhao Q, Li P, Ma J and Yu X: MicroRNAs in lung cancer and lung cancer bone metastases: Biomarkers for early diagnosis and targets for treatment. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov. 10:182–200. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Hwang HW and Mendell JT: MicroRNAs in cell proliferation, cell death, and tumorigenesis. Br J Cancer. 94:776–780. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Saito Y, Suzuki H, Tsugawa H, Nakagawa I, Matsuzaki J, Kanai Y and Hibi T: Chromatin remodeling at Alu repeats by epigenetic treatment activates silenced microRNA-512-5p with downregulation of Mcl-1 in human gastric cancer cells. Oncogene. 28:2738–2744. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Bao B, Ali S, Kong D, Sarkar SH, Wang Z, Banerjee S, Aboukameel A, Padhye S, Philip PA and Sarkar FH: Anti-tumor activity of a novel compound-CDF is mediated by regulating miR-21, miR-200, and PTEN in pancreatic cancer. PLoS One. 6(e17850)2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Fanini F, Vannini I, Amadori D and Fabbri M: Clinical implications of microRNAs in lung cancer. Semin Oncol. 38:776–780. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Kuo PL, Liao SH, Hung JY, Huang MS and Hsu YL: MicroRNA-33a functions as a bone metastasis suppressor in lung cancer by targeting parathyroid hormone related protein. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1830:3756–3766. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Salgado RA, Snoeckx A, Spinhoven M, Op de Beeck B, Corthouts B and Parizel PM: Update in non small-cell lung cancer staging. JBR-BTR. 96:118–122. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Magnet FS, Majorski DS, Callegari J, Schwarz SB, Schmoor C, Windisch W and Storre JH: Capillary PO2 does not adequately reflect arterial PO2 in hypoxemic COPD patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 12:2647–2653. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Chen C, Ridzon DA, Broomer AJ, Zhou Z, Lee DH, Nguyen JT, Barbisin M, Xu NL, Mahuvakar VR, Andersen MR, et al: Real-time quantification of microRNAs by stem-loop RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 33(e179)2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Cao Y, Zhao D, Li P, Wang L, Qiao B, Qin X, Li L and Wang Y: MicroRNA-181a-5p impedes IL-17-induced nonsmall cell lung cancer proliferation and migration through targeting VCAM-1. Cell Physiol Biochem. 42:346–356. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Kapinas K, Kessler CB, Ricks T, Gronowicz G and Delany AM: miR-29 modulates WNT signaling in human osteoblasts through a positive feedback loop. J Biol Chem. 285:25221–25231. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Connor KM, Hempel N, Nelson KK, Dabiri G, Gamarra A, Belarmino J, Van De Water L, Mian BM and Melendez JA: Manganese superoxide dismutase enhances the invasive and migratory activity of tumor cells. Cancer Res. 67:10260–10267. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Zhuo W, Liu Y, Li S, Guo D, Sun Q, Jin J, Rao X, Li M, Sun M, Jiang M, et al: Long noncoding RNA GMAN, Up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues, is associated with metastasis in patients and promotes translation of ephrin A1 by competitively binding GMAN-AS. Gastroenterology. 156:676–691.e11. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Wang W, Ma J, Jin F and Liao J: Hyperbranched polymer drug delivery treatment for lung metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma in nude mice. Exp Ther Med. 14:3105–3111. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Naumnik W, Plonska I, Ossolinska M, Niklinski J and Naumnik B: Prognostic value of osteoprotegerin and sRANKL in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1047:1–6. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Weidle UH, Birzele F and Nopora A: MicroRNAs as potential targets for therapeutic intervention with metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 16:99–119. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Kanzaki H, Wada S, Yamaguchi Y, Katsumata Y, Itohiya K, Fukaya S, Miyamoto Y, Narimiya T, Noda K and Nakamura Y: Compression and tension variably alter Osteoprotegerin expression via miR-3198 in periodontal ligament cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol. 20(6)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Zhong S, Golpon H, Zardo P and Borlak J: miRNAs in lung cancer. A systematic review identifies predictive and prognostic miRNA candidates for precision medicine in lung cancer. Transl Rese. 230:164–196. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Petrek H and Yu AM: MicroRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer: Gene regulation, impact on cancer cellular processes, and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 7(e00528)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Xu X, Zhu S, Tao Z and Ye S: High circulating miR-18a, miR-20a, and miR-92a expression correlates with poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Med. 7:21–31. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Sisay M, Mengistu G and Edessa D: The RANK/RANKL/OPG system in tumorigenesis and metastasis of cancer stem cell: Potential targets for anticancer therapy. Onco Targets Ther. 10:3801–3810. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Theoleyre S, Wittrant Y, Tat SK, Fortun Y, Redini F and Heymann D: The molecular triad OPG/RANK/RANKL: Involvement in the orchestration of pathophysiological bone remodeling. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:457–475. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Brown JM, Corey E, Lee ZD, True LD, Yun TJ, Tondravi M and Vessella RL: Osteoprotegerin and rank ligand expression in prostate cancer. Urology. 57:611–616. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Shi W, Qiu W, Wang W, Zhou X, Zhong X, Tian G and Deng A: Osteoprotegerin is up-regulated in pancreatic cancers and correlates with cancer-associated new-onset diabetes. Biosci Trends. 8:322–326. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Wu S, Pan Y, Mao Y, Chen Y and He Y: Current progress and mechanisms of bone metastasis in lung cancer: A narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 10:439–451. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Mountzios G, Ramfidis V, Terpos E and Syrigos KN: Prognostic significance of bone markers in patients with lung cancer metastatic to the skeleton: A review of published data. Clin Lung Cancer. 12:341–349. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Pitari MR, Rossi M, Amodio N, Botta C, Morelli E, Federico C, Gullà A, Caracciolo D, Di Martino MT, Arbitrio M, et al: Inhibition of miR-21 restores RANKL/OPG ratio in multiple myeloma-derived bone marrow stromal cells and impairs the resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts. Oncotarget. 6:27343–27358. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Zhan FL, Liu XY and Wang XB: The Role of MicroRNA-143-5p in the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells into odontoblasts by targeting Runx2 via the OPG/RANKL signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem. 119:536–546. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wan K, Tu Z, Liu Z, Cai Y, Chen Y and Ling C: Upregulated osteoprotegerin expression promotes lung cancer cell invasion by increasing miR‑20a expression. Exp Ther Med 22: 846, 2021.
APA
Wan, K., Tu, Z., Liu, Z., Cai, Y., Chen, Y., & Ling, C. (2021). Upregulated osteoprotegerin expression promotes lung cancer cell invasion by increasing miR‑20a expression. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 846. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10278
MLA
Wan, K., Tu, Z., Liu, Z., Cai, Y., Chen, Y., Ling, C."Upregulated osteoprotegerin expression promotes lung cancer cell invasion by increasing miR‑20a expression". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.2 (2021): 846.
Chicago
Wan, K., Tu, Z., Liu, Z., Cai, Y., Chen, Y., Ling, C."Upregulated osteoprotegerin expression promotes lung cancer cell invasion by increasing miR‑20a expression". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 2 (2021): 846. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10278
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wan K, Tu Z, Liu Z, Cai Y, Chen Y and Ling C: Upregulated osteoprotegerin expression promotes lung cancer cell invasion by increasing miR‑20a expression. Exp Ther Med 22: 846, 2021.
APA
Wan, K., Tu, Z., Liu, Z., Cai, Y., Chen, Y., & Ling, C. (2021). Upregulated osteoprotegerin expression promotes lung cancer cell invasion by increasing miR‑20a expression. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 846. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10278
MLA
Wan, K., Tu, Z., Liu, Z., Cai, Y., Chen, Y., Ling, C."Upregulated osteoprotegerin expression promotes lung cancer cell invasion by increasing miR‑20a expression". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.2 (2021): 846.
Chicago
Wan, K., Tu, Z., Liu, Z., Cai, Y., Chen, Y., Ling, C."Upregulated osteoprotegerin expression promotes lung cancer cell invasion by increasing miR‑20a expression". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 2 (2021): 846. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10278
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team