Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
August-2021 Volume 22 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2021 Volume 22 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Calcification patterns in femoral and carotid atheromatous plaques: A comparative morphometric study

  • Authors:
    • Mircea Catalin Cosarca
    • Emőke Horváth
    • Calin Molnar
    • Gyopár-Beáta  Molnár
    • Eliza Russu
    • Vasile Adrian Mureșan
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Doctoral School, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Târgu‑Mureș, Romania, Department of Pathology, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Târgu‑Mureș, Romania, Department of General Surgery, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Târgu‑Mureș, Romania, Pathological Anatomy Service, Târgu‑Mureș County Emergency Clinical Hospital (SCJU Târgu‑Mureș), 540136 Târgu‑Mureș, Romania, Department of Vascular Surgery, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
    Copyright: © Cosarca et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 865
    |
    Published online on: June 11, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10297
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

This comparative study was designed to focus on the mineral patterns in human atherosclerotic plaques based on quantitative measurements of calcium deposits through the morphometric method. A total of 101 atherosclerotic plaques were harvested by conventional transluminal angioplasty from the carotid artery (CA) and different segments of the femoral‑popliteal axis (FPA), fixed in formalin and sent for histological processing. The histological grade of the atherosclerotic plaque and the calcification pattern were evaluated, followed by a morphometric analysis of the mineral deposits. Regarding the localization, the advanced plaques (VII and VIII types) developed predominantly at the level of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) compared to the CA (P<0.001). This significant difference was maintained even if they were divided into low grade (IV and V) and high grade categories (VI, VII and VIII) (P<0.05). Compared with that in the carotid plaques, in the FPA plaques the mineralized surface increased in parallel with the narrowing of the vascular lumen diameter. The image analysis of the total pathological calcification score (pCS) showed a significant difference between the CA plaques and distal SFA (dSFA) plaques (P=0.038) and between the proximal SFA (pSFA) and dSFA plaques (P=0.013). In the case of the simple nodular pattern, calcification occupied significantly larger areas in the plaques developed in the dSFA and popliteal artery (PA) in comparison with the CA plaques (P=0.0007 and P=0.0009). pCSs calculated in plaques with extensive calcification pattern showed a lower value in the CA vs. the pSFA plaques (P=0.004). A less pronounced, but significant difference was observed between the pCS of pSFA and dSFA plaques (P=0.017). Femoral and carotid plaques exhibited different morphology and tendency for calcification. In parallel with the narrowing of the vascular lumen diameter, the mineralized surface increased at the level of different FPA segments. These results suggest that the mechanism is site‑specific, and wall structure‑dependent.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Eurostat: Your key to European statistics: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-xplained/index.php/Causes_of_death_statistics_-people_over_65 https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Cardiovascular_diseases_statistics.

2 

Singh RB, Mengi SA, Xu YJ, Arneja AS and Dhalla NS: Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: A multifactorial process. Exp Clin Cardiol. 7:40–53. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

3 

Albanese I, Khan K, Barratt B, Al-Kindi H and Schwertani A: Atherosclerotic calcification: Wnt is the hint. J Am Heart Assoc. 7(e007356)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Peace A, van Mil A, Jones H and Thijssen DHJ: Similarities and differences between carotid artery and coronary artery function. Curr Cardiol Rev. 14:254–263. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Schiano V, Sirico G, Giugliano G, Laurenzano E, Brevetti L, Perrino C, Brevetti G and Esposito G: Femoral plaque echogenicity and cardiovascular risk in claudicants. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 5:348–357. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Golomb BA, Dang TT and Criqui MH: Peripheral arterial disease: Morbidity and mortality implications. Circulation. 114:688–699. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Maleckis K, Anttila E, Aylward P, Poulson W, Desyatova A, MacTaggart J and Kamenskiy A: Nitinol Stents in the femoropopliteal artery: A mechanical perspective on material, design, and performance. Ann Biomed Eng. 46:684–704. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Kwee RM: Systematic review on the association between calcification in carotid plaques and clinical ischemic symptoms. J Vasc Surg. 51:1015–1025. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Shioi A and Ikari Y: Plaque Calcification during atherosclerosis progression and regression. J Atheroscler Thromb. 25:294–303. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Yang J, Pan X, Zhang B, Yan Y, Huang Y, Woolf AK, Gillard JH, Teng Z and Hui P: Superficial and multiple calcifications and ulceration associate with intraplaque hemorrhage in the carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Eur Radiol. 28:4968–4977. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Shi X, Gao J, Lv Q, Cai H, Wang F, Ye R and Liu X: Calcification in atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability: Friend or Foe? Front Physiol. 11(56)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Tang L, Cui QW, Liu DP and Fu YY: The number of stents was an independent risk of stent restenosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Medicine (Baltimore). 98(e18312)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Laird JR and Yeo KK: The treatment of femoropopliteal in-stent restenosis: Back to the future. J Am Coll Cardiol. 59:24–25. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Gerardi D, Alfani A, Tesorio T, Cioppa A, Esposito G and Stabile E: Drug-coated balloon in superficial femoral artery in-stent restenosis. Postepy Kardiol Interwencyjnej. 14:9–14. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Gaudry M, Bartoli JM, Bal L, Giorgi R, De Masi M, Magnan PE and Piquet P: Anatomical and technical factors influence the rate of in-stent restenosis following carotid artery stenting for the treatment of post-carotid endarterectomy stenosis. PLoS One. 11(e0161716)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Katano H, Nishikawa Y, Yamada H and Mase M: Calcification in original plaque and restenosis following carotid artery stenting. Surg Neurol Int. 8(279)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Katano H, Mase M, Nishikawa Y, Yamada H and Yamada K: Analysis of recurrent stenosis after carotid endarterectomy featuring primary plaque calcification. Neurosurgery. 80:863–70. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Herisson F, Heymann MF, Chetiveaux M, Charrier C, Battaglia S, Pilet P, Rouillon T, Krempf M, Lemarchand P, Heymann D and Gouëffic Y: Carotid and femoral atherosclerotic plaques show different morphology. Atherosclerosis. 216:348–354. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Kelly-Arnold A, Maldonado N, Laudier D, Aikawa E, Cardoso L and Weinbaum S: Revised microcalcification hypothesis for fibrous cap rupture in human coronary arteries. PNAS. 110:10741–1046. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Jinnouchi H, Sato Y, Sakamoto A, Cornelissen A, Mori M, Kawakami R, Gadhoke NV, Kolodgie FD, Virmani R and Finn AV: Calcium deposition within coronary atherosclerotic lesion: Implications for plaque stability. Atherosclerosis. 306:85–95. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Han RI, Wheeler TM, Lumsden AB, Reardon MJ, Lawrie GM, Grande-Allen KJ, Morrisett JD and Brunner G: Morphometric analysis of calcification and fibrous layer thickness in carotid endarterectomy tissues. Comput Biol Med. 70:210–219. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Tavakoli S and Sadeghi MM: 18F-NaF PET and plaque calcification: How complicated can it be? Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 12(e008712)2019.

23 

Stary HC: Natural history and histological classification of atherosclerotic lesion: An update. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 20:1177–1178. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Ferreira T and Rasband W: ImageJ User Guide. Image Processing and Analysis in Java. National Institutes of Health, 2012. http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij.

25 

Redgrave JNE, Lovett JK, Gallagher PJ and Rothwell P: Histological assessment of 526 symptomatic carotid plaques in relation to the nature and timing of ischemic symptoms: The Oxford plaque study. Circulation. 113:2320–2328. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Zhu G, Hom J, Li Y, Jiang B, Rodriguez F, Fleischmann D, Saloner D, Porcu M, Zhang Y, Saba L and Wintermark M: Carotid plaque imaging and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 10:1048–1067. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Reneman RS, Arts T and Hoeks AP: Wall shear stress-an important determinant of endothelial cell function and structure-in the arterial system in vivo discrepancies with theory. J Vasc Res. 43:251–269. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

VanderLaan PA, Reardon CA and Getz GS: Site specificity of atherosclerosis: Site selective responses to atherosclerotic modulators. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 24:12–22. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Otsuka F, Sakakura K, Yahagi K, Joner M and Virmani R: Has our understanding of calcification in human coronary atherosclerosis progressed? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 34:724–736. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Chistiakov DA, Myasoedova VA, Melnichenko AA, Grechko AV and Orekhov AN: Calcifying matrix vesicles and atherosclerosis. Biomed Res Int. 2017(7463590)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Janzen J: The microscopic transitional zone between elastic and muscular arteries. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 97:909–914. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Amann K: Media calcification and intima calcification are distinct entities in chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 3:1599–1605. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Allison MA, His S, Wassel CL, Morgan C, Ix JH, Wright CM and Criqui MH: Calcified atherosclerosis in different vascular beds and the risk of mortality. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 32:140–146. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Zettervall SL, Marshall AP, Fleser P and Guzman RJ: Association of arterial calcification with chronic limb ischemia in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Vasc Surg. 67:507–513. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Huang CL, Wu IH, Wu YW, Hwang JJ, Wang SS, Chen WJ, Lee WJ and Yang WS: Association of lower extremity arterial calcification with amputation and mortality in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease. PLoS One. 9(e90201)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Blacher J, Guerin AP, Pannier B, Marchais SJ and London GM: Arterial calcifications, arterial stiffness, and cardiovascular risk in end-stage renal disease. Hypertension. 38:938–942. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Guzman RJ, Brinkley DM, Schumacher PM, Donahue RMJ, Beavers H and Qin X: Tibial artery calcification as a marker of amputation risk in patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 51:1967–1974. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Rambhia SH, Liang X, Xenos M, Alemu Y, Maldonado N, Kelly A, Chakraborti S, Weinbaum S, Cardoso L, Einav S and Bluestein D: Microcalcifications increase coronary vulnerable plaque rupturepotential: A patient-based micro-CT fluid-structure interaction study. Ann Biomed Eng. 40:1443–1454. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Lee RT, Grodzinsky AJ, Frank EH, Kamm RD and Schoen FJ: Structure-dependent dynamic mechanical behavior of fibrous caps from human atherosclerotic plaques. Circulation. 83:1764–1770. 1993.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Wang Y, Osborne MT, Tung B, Li M and Li Y: Imaging cardiovascular calcification. J Am Heart Assoc. 7(e008564)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Dweck MR, Aikawa E, Newby DE, Tarkin JM, Rudd JH, Narula J and Fayad ZA: Noninvasive molecular imaging of disease activity in atherosclerosis. Circ Res. 119:330–340. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Cosarca MC, Horváth E, Molnar C, Molnár G, Russu E and Mureșan VA: Calcification patterns in femoral and carotid atheromatous plaques: A comparative morphometric study. Exp Ther Med 22: 865, 2021.
APA
Cosarca, M.C., Horváth, E., Molnar, C., Molnár, G., Russu, E., & Mureșan, V.A. (2021). Calcification patterns in femoral and carotid atheromatous plaques: A comparative morphometric study. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 865. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10297
MLA
Cosarca, M. C., Horváth, E., Molnar, C., Molnár, G., Russu, E., Mureșan, V. A."Calcification patterns in femoral and carotid atheromatous plaques: A comparative morphometric study". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.2 (2021): 865.
Chicago
Cosarca, M. C., Horváth, E., Molnar, C., Molnár, G., Russu, E., Mureșan, V. A."Calcification patterns in femoral and carotid atheromatous plaques: A comparative morphometric study". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 2 (2021): 865. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10297
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Cosarca MC, Horváth E, Molnar C, Molnár G, Russu E and Mureșan VA: Calcification patterns in femoral and carotid atheromatous plaques: A comparative morphometric study. Exp Ther Med 22: 865, 2021.
APA
Cosarca, M.C., Horváth, E., Molnar, C., Molnár, G., Russu, E., & Mureșan, V.A. (2021). Calcification patterns in femoral and carotid atheromatous plaques: A comparative morphometric study. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 865. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10297
MLA
Cosarca, M. C., Horváth, E., Molnar, C., Molnár, G., Russu, E., Mureșan, V. A."Calcification patterns in femoral and carotid atheromatous plaques: A comparative morphometric study". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.2 (2021): 865.
Chicago
Cosarca, M. C., Horváth, E., Molnar, C., Molnár, G., Russu, E., Mureșan, V. A."Calcification patterns in femoral and carotid atheromatous plaques: A comparative morphometric study". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 2 (2021): 865. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10297
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team