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Stroke secondary to giant‑cell arteritis: A literature review

  • Authors:
    • Zoltan Bajko
    • Rodica Balasa
    • Smaranda Maier
    • Anca Motataianu
    • Laura Barcutean
    • Sebastian Andone
    • Adina Stoian
    • Rares Cristian Filep
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Neurology, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania, Department of Pathophysiology, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania, Department of Interventional Radiology, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
    Copyright: © Bajko et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 876
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    Published online on: June 15, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10308
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Abstract

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In addition to the classical etiologies of stroke as atherosclerosis and cardioembolism there are many unusual, rare causes, which require a high level of clinical suspicion and further investigations for correct and early diagnosis and adequate treatment. Giant‑cell arteritis or temporal arteritis, the most frequent vasculitis in the elderly population is one of the uncommon causes of stroke. In the setting of giant‑cell arteritis, stroke more likely affects the vertebrobasilar territory and is the main cause of mortality. Duplex ultrasound examination is a routine investigation for stroke patients and may be key to the diagnosis if the classical hypoechoic ‘halo sign’ is recognized at the level of vertebral arteries. In this situation the ultrasound evaluation of temporal arteries and temporal artery biopsy are mandatory. The Giant‑cell arteritis‑related stroke is a rare condition; therefore, there are no evidence‑based guidelines or standard recommendations for the treatment. In the present review, the main characteristics of giant‑cell arteritis-related stroke are discussed.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Bajko Z, Balasa R, Maier S, Motataianu A, Barcutean L, Andone S, Stoian A and Filep RC: Stroke secondary to giant‑cell arteritis: A literature review. Exp Ther Med 22: 876, 2021.
APA
Bajko, Z., Balasa, R., Maier, S., Motataianu, A., Barcutean, L., Andone, S. ... Filep, R.C. (2021). Stroke secondary to giant‑cell arteritis: A literature review. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 876. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10308
MLA
Bajko, Z., Balasa, R., Maier, S., Motataianu, A., Barcutean, L., Andone, S., Stoian, A., Filep, R. C."Stroke secondary to giant‑cell arteritis: A literature review". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.2 (2021): 876.
Chicago
Bajko, Z., Balasa, R., Maier, S., Motataianu, A., Barcutean, L., Andone, S., Stoian, A., Filep, R. C."Stroke secondary to giant‑cell arteritis: A literature review". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 2 (2021): 876. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10308
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Bajko Z, Balasa R, Maier S, Motataianu A, Barcutean L, Andone S, Stoian A and Filep RC: Stroke secondary to giant‑cell arteritis: A literature review. Exp Ther Med 22: 876, 2021.
APA
Bajko, Z., Balasa, R., Maier, S., Motataianu, A., Barcutean, L., Andone, S. ... Filep, R.C. (2021). Stroke secondary to giant‑cell arteritis: A literature review. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 876. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10308
MLA
Bajko, Z., Balasa, R., Maier, S., Motataianu, A., Barcutean, L., Andone, S., Stoian, A., Filep, R. C."Stroke secondary to giant‑cell arteritis: A literature review". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.2 (2021): 876.
Chicago
Bajko, Z., Balasa, R., Maier, S., Motataianu, A., Barcutean, L., Andone, S., Stoian, A., Filep, R. C."Stroke secondary to giant‑cell arteritis: A literature review". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 2 (2021): 876. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10308
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