Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
September-2021 Volume 22 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2021 Volume 22 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Review Open Access

Diagnostic and prognostic computed tomography imaging markers in basilar artery occlusion (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Rares Cristian Filep
    • Lucian Marginean
    • Adina Stoian
    • Zoltan Bajko
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: PhD School of Medicine, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania, Department of Pathophysiology, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania, Department of Neurology, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
    Copyright: © Filep et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 954
    |
    Published online on: July 6, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10386
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Acute ischemic stroke treatment has been revolutionized by the addition of mechanical and aspiration thrombectomy. Randomized controlled trials have proven beyond doubt, the substantial clinical impact of endovascular interventions in anterior circulation territory strokes. Unfortunately, patients with vertebrobasilar ischemic stroke could not be included in these early trials due to inherent clinical, radiological, and prognostic particularities of posterior circulation ischemia; thus, indications for the treatment of posterior fossa strokes and basilar artery occlusion (BAO) are mainly based on retrospective studies and registries. BAO carries high morbidity and mortality, despite the new improvements in endovascular therapy. Identifying patients who will likely benefit from invasive treatment and have a good clinical outcome resides in discovering clinical, biological, or imaging markers, that have prognostic implications. Such imaging markers have been described, especially in the last decade. Hyperdense Basilar Artery Sign (HDBA), Posterior Circulations‑Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (pc‑ASPECTS), Pons‑Midbrain Index (PMI), Posterior Circulation Collateral Score (pc‑CS), Posterior Circulation CT Angiography Score (pc‑CTA), and Basilar Artery on CT Prognostic Score (BATMAN), are computed tomography (CT) markers with properties that can aid the diagnosis of BAO and can independently predict clinical outcome. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of these imaging signs to have a thorough understanding of their diagnostic and prognostic attributes.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Mattle HP, Arnold M, Lindsberg PJ, Schonewille WJ and Schroth G: Basilar artery occlusion. Lancet Neurol. 10:1002–1014. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Kayan Y, Meyers PM, Prestigiacomo CJ, Kan P and Fraser JF: Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery: Current endovascular strategies for posterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke: Report of the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery Standards and Guidelines Committee. J Neurointerv Surg. 11:1055–1062. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Turc G, Bhogal P, Fischer U, Khatri P, Lobotesis K, Mazighi M, Schellinger PD, Toni D, de Vries J, White P and Fiehler J: European stroke organisation (ESO) - European society for minimally invasive neurological therapy (ESMINT) guidelines on mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke. J Neurointerv Surg. 11:535–538. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

van der Hoeven EJRJ, Schonewille WJ, Vos JA, Algra A, Audebert HJ, Berge E, Ciccone A, Mazighi M, Michel P, Muir KW, et al: The basilar artery international cooperation study (BASICS): Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 14(200)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Sarraj A, Medrek S, Albright K, Martin-Schild S, Bibars W, Vahidy F, Grotta JC and Savitz SI: Posterior circulation stroke is associated with prolonged door-to-needle time. Int J Stroke. 10:672–678. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Puig J, Shankar J, Liebeskind D, Terceño M, Nael K, Demchuk AM, Menon B, Dowlatshahi D, Leiva-Salinas C, Wintermark M, et al: From ʻtime is brain’ to ʻimaging is brain’: A paradigm shift in the management of acute ischemic stroke. J Neuroimaging. 30:562–571. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Grotta JC, Chiu D, Lu M, Patel S, Levine SR, Tilley BC, Brott TG, Haley EC Jr, Lyden PD, Kothari R, et al: Agreement and variability in the interpretation of early CT changes in stroke patients qualifying for intravenous rtPA therapy. Stroke. 30:1528–1533. 1999.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Hwang DY, Silva GS, Furie KL and Greer DM: Comparative sensitivity of computed tomography vs. magnetic resonance imaging for detecting acute posterior fossa infarct. J Emerg Med. 42:559–565. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Schramm P, Schellinger PD, Klotz E, Kallenberg K, Fiebach JB, Külkens S, Heiland S, Knauth M and Sartor K: Comparison of perfusion computed tomography and computed tomography angiography source images with perfusion-weighted imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging in patients with acute stroke of less than 6 h’ duration. Stroke. 35:1652–1658. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

New PF and Aronow S: Attenuation measurements of whole blood and blood fractions in computed tomography. Radiology. 121 (3 Pt. 1):635–640. 1976.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Liebeskind DS, Sanossian N, Yong WH, Starkman S, Tsang MP, Moya AL, Zheng DD, Abolian AM, Kim D, Ali LK, et al: CT and MRI early vessel signs reflect clot composition in acute stroke. Stroke. 42:1237–1243. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Bajkó Z, Maier S, Moţăţăianu A, Balasa R, Vasiu S, Stoian A and Andone S: Stroke secondary to traumatic carotid artery injury - A case report. J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures). 4:23–28. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Bajkó Z, Bălaşa R, Moţăţăianu A, Bărcuţean L, Stoian A, Stirbu N and Maier S: Malignant middle cerebral artery infarction secondary to traumatic bilateral internal carotid artery dissection. A case report. J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures). 2:135–141. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Filep RC, Bajko Z, Simu IP and Stoian A: Pseudo-dissection of the internal carotid artery in acute ischemic stroke. Acta Neurol Belg. 120:469–472. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Kim SK, Baek BH, Lee YY and Yoon W: Clinical implications of CT hyperdense artery sign in patients with acute middle cerebral artery occlusion in the era of modern mechanical thrombectomy. J Neurol. 264:2450–2456. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Goldmakher GV, Camargo EC, Furie KL, Singhal AB, Roccatagliata L, Halpern EF, Chou MJ, Biagini T, Smith WS, Harris GJ, et al: Hyperdense basilar artery sign on unenhanced CT predicts thrombus and outcome in acute posterior circulation stroke. Stroke. 40:134–139. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Connell L, Koerte IK, Laubender RP, Morhard D, Linn J, Becker HC, Reiser M, Brueckmann H and Ertl-Wagner B: Hyperdense basilar artery sign-a reliable sign of basilar artery occlusion. Neuroradiology. 54:321–327. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Ernst M, Romero JM, Buhk JH, Cheng B, Herrmann J, Fiehler J and Groth M: Sensitivity of hyperdense basilar artery sign on non-enhanced computed tomography. PLoS One. 10(e0141096)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Riedel CH, Zoubie J, Ulmer S, Gierthmuehlen J and Jansen O: Thin-slice reconstructions of nonenhanced CT images allow for detection of thrombus in acute stroke. Stroke. 43:2319–2323. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Tan X and Guo Y: Hyperdense basilar artery sign diagnoses acute posterior circulation stroke and predicts short-term outcome. Neuroradiology. 52:1071–1078. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Puetz V, Sylaja PN, Coutts SB, Hill MD, Dzialowski I, Mueller P, Becker U, Urban G, O'Reilly C, Barber PA, et al: Extent of hypoattenuation on CT angiography source images predicts functional outcome in patients with basilar artery occlusion. Stroke. 39:2485–2490. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Bhatia R, Bal SS, Shobha N, Menon BK, Tymchuk S, Puetz V, Dzialowski I, Coutts SB, Goyal M, Barber PA, et al: CT angiographic source images predict outcome and final infarct volume better than noncontrast CT in proximal vascular occlusions. Stroke. 42:1575–1580. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Puetz V, Khomenko A, Hill MD, Dzialowski I, Michel P, Weimar C, Wijman CA, Mattle HP, Engelter ST, Muir KW, et al: Extent of hypoattenuation on CT angiography source images in basilar artery occlusion: Prognostic value in the Basilar Artery International Cooperation Study. Stroke. 42:3454–3459. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Pallesen LP, Khomenko A, Dzialowski I, Barlinn J, Barlinn K, Zerna C, van der Hoeven EJ, Algra A, Kapelle LJ, Michel P, et al: CT-angiography source images indicate less fatal outcome despite coma of patients in the Basilar Artery International Cooperation Study. Int J Stroke. 12:145–151. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Ravindren J, Aguilar Pérez M, Hellstern V, Bhogal P, Bäzner H and Henkes H: Predictors of outcome after endovascular thrombectomy in acute basilar artery occlusion and the 6 hr time window to recanalization. Front Neurol. 10(923)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Pallesen LP, Gerber J, Dzialowski I, van der Hoeven EJ, Michel P, Pfefferkorn T, Ozdoba C, Kappelle LJ, Wiedemann B, Khomenko A, et al: Diagnostic and prognostic impact of pc-ASPECTS applied to perfusion CT in the Basilar Artery International Cooperation Study. J Neuroimaging. 25:384–389. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Schaefer PW, Yoo AJ, Bell D, Barak ER, Romero JM, Nogueira RG, Lev MH, Schwamm LH, Gonzalez RG and Hirsch JA: CT Angiography-Source image hypoattenuation predicts clinical outcome in posterior circulation strokes treated with Intra-Arterial therapy. Stroke. 39:3107–3109. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Da Ros V, Meschini A, Gandini R, Del Giudice C, Garaci F, Stanzione P, Rizzato B, Diomedi M, Simonetti G, Floris R and Sallustio F: Proposal for a vascular computed Tomography-Based grading system in posterior circulation stroke: A Single-Center experience. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 25:368–377. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Alemseged F, Shah DG, Diomedi M, Sallustio F, Bivard A, Sharma G, Mitchell PJ, Dowling RJ, Bush S, Yan B, et al: The basilar artery on computed tomography angiography prognostic score for basilar artery occlusion. Stroke. 48:631–637. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

van der Hoeven EJ, McVerry F, Vos JA, Algra A, Puetz V, Kappelle LJ and Schonewille WJ: BASICS registry investigators. Collateral flow predicts outcome after basilar artery occlusion: The posterior circulation collateral score. Int J Stroke. 11:768–775. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Alemseged F, Van der Hoeven E, Di Giuliano F, Shah D, Sallustio F, Arba F, Kleinig TJ, Bush S, Dowling RJ, Yan B, et al: Response to Late-Window endovascular revascularization is associated with collateral status in basilar artery occlusion. Stroke. 50:1415–1422. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Piechowiak EI, Kaesmacher J, Zibold F, Dobrocky T, Mosimann PJ, Jung S, Fischer U, Arnold M, Bellwald S, Heldner MR, et al: Endovascular treatment of tandem occlusions in vertebrobasilar stroke: Technical aspects and outcome compared with isolated basilar artery occlusion. J Neurointerv Surg. 12:25–29. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Bollwein C, Plate A, Sommer WH, Thierfelder KM, Janssen H, Reiser MF, Straube A and von Baumgarten L: Diagnostic accuracy of whole-brain CT perfusion in the detection of acute infratentorial infarctions. Neuroradiology. 58:1077–1085. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Fabritius MP, Reidler P, Froelich MF, Rotkopf LT, Liebig T, Kellert L, Feil K, Tiedt S, Kazmierczak PM, Thierfelder KM, et al: Incremental value of computed tomography perfusion for final infarct prediction in acute ischemic cerebellar stroke. J Am Heart Assoc. 8(e013069)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Sporns P, Schmidt R, Minnerup J, Dziewas R, Kemmling A, Dittrich R, Zoubi T, Heermann P, Cnyrim C, Schwindt W, et al: Computed tomography perfusion improves diagnostic accuracy in acute posterior circulation stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis. 41:242–247. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Filep RC, Marginean L, Stoian A and Bajko Z: Diagnostic and prognostic computed tomography imaging markers in basilar artery occlusion (Review). Exp Ther Med 22: 954, 2021.
APA
Filep, R.C., Marginean, L., Stoian, A., & Bajko, Z. (2021). Diagnostic and prognostic computed tomography imaging markers in basilar artery occlusion (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 954. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10386
MLA
Filep, R. C., Marginean, L., Stoian, A., Bajko, Z."Diagnostic and prognostic computed tomography imaging markers in basilar artery occlusion (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.3 (2021): 954.
Chicago
Filep, R. C., Marginean, L., Stoian, A., Bajko, Z."Diagnostic and prognostic computed tomography imaging markers in basilar artery occlusion (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 3 (2021): 954. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10386
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Filep RC, Marginean L, Stoian A and Bajko Z: Diagnostic and prognostic computed tomography imaging markers in basilar artery occlusion (Review). Exp Ther Med 22: 954, 2021.
APA
Filep, R.C., Marginean, L., Stoian, A., & Bajko, Z. (2021). Diagnostic and prognostic computed tomography imaging markers in basilar artery occlusion (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 954. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10386
MLA
Filep, R. C., Marginean, L., Stoian, A., Bajko, Z."Diagnostic and prognostic computed tomography imaging markers in basilar artery occlusion (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.3 (2021): 954.
Chicago
Filep, R. C., Marginean, L., Stoian, A., Bajko, Z."Diagnostic and prognostic computed tomography imaging markers in basilar artery occlusion (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 3 (2021): 954. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10386
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team