Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
September-2021 Volume 22 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2021 Volume 22 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review

Hyperthyroidism management during pregnancy and lactation (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Mihai Cristian Dumitrascu
    • Adina-Elena Nenciu
    • Sandru Florica
    • Catalin George Nenciu
    • Aida Petca
    • Răzvan-Cosmin Petca
    • Adrian Vasile Comănici
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Endocrinology ‘Titu Maiorescu’ University, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
  • Article Number: 960
    |
    Published online on: July 7, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10392
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Thyroid dysfunction is a significant public health issue, affecting 5‑10 more women compared to men. The estimated incidence is up to 12% and only for women the treatment rises up to 4.3 billion dollars annually. Thyroid pathology can have a major impact on female fertility and it can only be detected when preconception tests are performed. Untreated or poorly treated hyperthyroidism in a mother can affect the fetal development and pregnancy outcome. Between 0.1 and 0.4% of the pregnancies are affected by clinical hyperthyroidism. Thyroid dysfunction is associated with higher rates of pregnancy loss. Hyperthyroidism can complicate fetal health problems intrauterinely and in the neonatal period. The TSH receptor is stimulated by TSH and HCG which has a similar structure. This can lead to gestational thyrotoxicosis. Hyperthyroidism can be treated with propylthiouracil or methimazole and in selected cases, surgical treatment or radioactive iodine can be chosen. In pregnancy, the most used treatment is represented by propylthiouracil which can be used from the first trimester. The aim of this review is to assess the current data regarding the impact of thyroid dysfunction on pregnancy and to synthesize the treatment options during pregnancy and lactation.
View Figures
View References

1 

Monaco F: Classification of thyroid diseases: Suggestions for a revision. J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism. 88:1428–1432. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Andersen SL and Knøsgaard L: Management of thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 34(101414)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Dumitrascu MC, Iliescu M, Petca RC, Sandru F, Mehedintu C, Farcasanu PD, Maru N, Chibelean C and Petca A: The chemical pregnancy. Revista de Chimie. 70:3814–3823. 2019.

4 

Alemu A, Terefe B, Abebe M and Biadgo B: Thyroid hormone dysfunction during pregnancy: A review. Int J Reprod Biomed. 14:677–686. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Spencer L, Bubner T, Bain E and Middleton P: Screening and subsequent management for thyroid dysfunction pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy for improving maternal and infant health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 9(CD011263)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Šimják P, Anderlová K, Cinkajzlová A, Pařízek A, Kršek M and Haluzík M: The possible role of endocrine dysfunction of adipose tissue in gestational diabetes mellitus. Minerva Endocrinol. 45:228–242. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Dumitrascu MC, Stanescu AMA, Bejan C, Sandru F, Toader DO, Radavoi DG, Cotirlet A, Pusta CTJ and Diaconu CC: Obesity and its implications on Stress Urinary Incontinence. Revista de Chimie. 70:3660–3662. 2019.

8 

Azizi F and Amouzegar A: Management of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy and lactation. Eur J Endocrinol. 164:871–876. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Cignini P, Cafà EV, Giorlandino C, Capriglione S, Spata A and Dugo N: Thyroid physiology and common diseases in pregnancy: Review of literature. J Prenat Med. 6:64–71. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Casey B and Leveno K: Thyroid disease in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 108:1283–1292. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Skjöldebrand L, Brundin J, Carlström A and Pettersson T: Thyroid associated components in serum during normal pregnancy. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 100:504–511. 1982.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Vadiveloo T, Donnan PT, Murphy MJ and Leese GP: Age- and gender-specific TSH reference intervals in people with no obvious thyroid disease in Tayside, Scotland: The thyroid epidemiology, audit, and research study (TEARS). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 98:1147–1153. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Karakosta P, Chatzi L, Bagkeris E, Daraki V, Alegakis D, Castanas E, Kogevinas M and Kampa M: First- and second-trimester reference intervals for thyroid hormones during pregnancy in ‘Rhea’ mother-child cohort, Crete, Greece. J Thyroid Res. 2011(490783)2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Kratz A, Ferraro M, Sluss PM and Lewandrowski KB: Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Laboratory reference values. N Engl J Med. 351:1548–15632. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, Brown RS, Chen H, Dosiou C, Grobman WA, Laurberg P, Lazarus JH, Mandel SJ, et al: 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and the Postpartum. Thyroid. 27:315–389. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Thyroid disease in pregnancy: ACOG practice bulletin, number 223. Obstet Gynecol. 135:e261–e274. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Krassas GE, Poppe K and Glinoer D: Thyroid function and human reproductive health. Endocr Rev. 31:702–755. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Woodworth A and Schuler EE: Thyroid testing algorithms in pregnancy. Clinical Laboratory News. https://www.aacc.org/cln/articles/2018/august/thyroid-testing-algorithms-in-pregnancy. Accessed August 1, 2018.

19 

Lazarus JH: Thyroid disorders associated with pregnancy: Etiology, diagnosis, and management. Treat Endocrinol. 4:31–41. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Glinoer D and Spencer CA: Serum TSH determinations in pregnancy: How, when and why? Nat Rev Endocrinol. 6:526–529. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Tan JY, Loh KC, Yeo GS and Chee YC: Transient hyperthyroidism of hyperemesis gravidarum. BJOG. 109:683–688. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Gerhard I and Runnebaum B: Predictive value of hormone determinations in the first half of pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 17:1–17. 1984.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Nwabuobi C, Arlier S, Schatz F, Guzeloglu-Kayisli O, Lockwood CJ and Kayisli UA: hCG: Biological functions and clinical applications. Int J Mol Sci. 18(2037)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Negro R and Stagnaro-Green A: Clinical aspects of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroid screening in pregnancy. Endocr Pract. 20:597–607. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Cooper DS and Laurberg P: Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 1:238–249. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Sarkar S and Bischoff LA: Management of hyperthyroidism during the preconception phase, pregnancy, and the postpartum period. Semin Reprod Med. 34:317–322. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Stagnaro-Green A, Dong A and Stephenson MD: Universal screening for thyroid disease during pregnancy should be performed. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 34(101320)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Illouz F, Luton D, Polak M, Besançon A and Bournaud C: Graves' disease and pregnancy. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 79:636–646. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Sorah K and Alderson TL: Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL), StatPearls Publishing, 2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559203/. Accessed Februart 3, 2021.

30 

Delitala AP, Capobianco G, Cherchi PL, Dessole S and Delitala G: Thyroid function and thyroid disorders during pregnancy: A review and care pathway. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 299:327–338. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Moleti M, Di Mauro M, Sturniolo G, Russo M and Vermiglio F: Hyperthyroidism in the pregnant woman: Maternal and fetal aspects. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 16(100190)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Mitsuda N, Tamaki H, Amino N, Hosono T, Miyai K and Tanizawa O: Risk factors for developmental disorders in infants born to women with Graves disease. Obstet Gynecol. 80:359–364. 1992.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Patil-Sisodia K and Mestman JH: Graves hyperthyroidism and pregnancy: A clinical update. Endocr Pract. 16:118–129. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Laurberg P, Nygaard B, Glinoer D, Grussendorf M and Orgiazzi J: Guidelines for TSH-receptor antibody measurements in pregnancy: Results of an evidence-based symposium organized by the European Thyroid Association. Eur J Endocrinol. 139:584–586. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Weetman AP: Graves' disease. N Engl J Med. 343:1236–1248. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Moore LE: Thyroid disease in pregnancy: A review of diagnosis, complications and management. World J Obstet Gynecol. 5:66–72. 2016.

37 

Taylor PN and Vaidya B: Side effects of anti-thyroid drugs and their impact on the choice of treatment for thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy. Eur Thyroid J. 1:176–185. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Momotani N, Noh JY, Ishikawa N and Ito K: Effects of propylthiouracil and methimazole on fetal thyroid status in mothers with Graves' hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 82:3633–3636. 1997.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Milham S and Elledge W: Maternal methimazole and congenital defects in children. Teratology. 5:125–126. 1972.

40 

Bowman P, Osborne NJ, Sturley R and Vaidya B: Carbimazole embryopathy: Implications for the choice of antithyroid drugs in pregnancy. QJM. 105:189–193. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Cooper DS: Antithyroid drugs. N Engl J Med. 352:905–917. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Karras S and Krassas GE: Breastfeeding and antithyroid drugs: A view from within. Eur Thyroid J. 1:30–33. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

De Groot L, Abalovich M, Alexander EK, Amino N, Barbour L, Cobin RH, Eastman CJ, Lazarus JH, Luton D, Mandel SJ, et al: Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 97:2543–2565. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Dumitrascu MC, Nenciu A, Florica S, Nenciu CG, Petca A, Petca R and Comănici AV: Hyperthyroidism management during pregnancy and lactation (Review). Exp Ther Med 22: 960, 2021.
APA
Dumitrascu, M.C., Nenciu, A., Florica, S., Nenciu, C.G., Petca, A., Petca, R., & Comănici, A.V. (2021). Hyperthyroidism management during pregnancy and lactation (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 960. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10392
MLA
Dumitrascu, M. C., Nenciu, A., Florica, S., Nenciu, C. G., Petca, A., Petca, R., Comănici, A. V."Hyperthyroidism management during pregnancy and lactation (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.3 (2021): 960.
Chicago
Dumitrascu, M. C., Nenciu, A., Florica, S., Nenciu, C. G., Petca, A., Petca, R., Comănici, A. V."Hyperthyroidism management during pregnancy and lactation (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 3 (2021): 960. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10392
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Dumitrascu MC, Nenciu A, Florica S, Nenciu CG, Petca A, Petca R and Comănici AV: Hyperthyroidism management during pregnancy and lactation (Review). Exp Ther Med 22: 960, 2021.
APA
Dumitrascu, M.C., Nenciu, A., Florica, S., Nenciu, C.G., Petca, A., Petca, R., & Comănici, A.V. (2021). Hyperthyroidism management during pregnancy and lactation (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 960. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10392
MLA
Dumitrascu, M. C., Nenciu, A., Florica, S., Nenciu, C. G., Petca, A., Petca, R., Comănici, A. V."Hyperthyroidism management during pregnancy and lactation (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.3 (2021): 960.
Chicago
Dumitrascu, M. C., Nenciu, A., Florica, S., Nenciu, C. G., Petca, A., Petca, R., Comănici, A. V."Hyperthyroidism management during pregnancy and lactation (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 3 (2021): 960. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10392
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team