Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
September-2021 Volume 22 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2021 Volume 22 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data1.pdf
    • Supplementary_Data2.xlsx
    • Supplementary_Data3.xlsx
Article Open Access

mRNA expression level of CDH2, LEP, POSTN, TIMP1 and VEGFC modulates 5‑fluorouracil resistance in colon cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Tao Liu
    • Rongmu Xia
    • Chenmeng Li
    • Xiaocong Chen
    • Xuemin Cai
    • Wengang Li
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 1023
    |
    Published online on: July 15, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10455
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Drug resistance severely affects the clinical efficacy of therapeutic agents in patients with colon cancer. The aim of the present study was to identify genes involved in drug resistance in colon cancer using bioinformatics analysis and to identify the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Genes associated with cancer recurrence and chemotherapy resistance were identified using data mining. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the protein expression level of genes of interest in human colon cancer tissues. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR analysis was performed to analyze the gene expression level in patient samples and in colon cancer cell lines (HCT116 and LoVo). Cell viability was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay in the colon cancer cell lines. Apoptosis was measured using PI staining. The results from the present study revealed 602 genes using both ‘cancer recurrence’ and ‘chemoresistance’ terms on the GenCLiP3 website. Gene functional annotation was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery then, the protein‑protein interaction networks of the 602 genes were analyzed using STRING analysis. Further, in the GEPIA database, 14 genes (ATM, CDH2, CDKN2A, EPO, LEP, TGFB1, TIMP1, PGR, VEGFC, POSTN, BCL6, CYP19A1, NOTCH3 and XPA) were found to be upregulated in colon cancer tissue and were associated with poor prognosis in patients with colon cancer. Further analysis of 33 paired human colon cancer tissues revealed that 8 genes (ATM, CDH2, CDKN2A, LEP, PGR, TIMP1, POSTN and VEGFC) were significantly upregulated, which was consistent with the results obtained from the earlier analysis and 5 genes (CDH2, LEP, POSTN, TIMP1 and VEGFC) were associated with patient prognosis. Silencing of these 5 genes using small interfering RNAs significantly enhanced the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent, 5‑fluorouracil (5‑FU). Taken together, the results suggested that CDH2, LEP, POSTN, TIMP1 and VEGFC might play a role in chemotherapeutic resistance in colon cancer and represent potential targets for overcoming 5‑FU resistance in colon cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

View References

1 

Holohan C, Van Schaeybroeck S, Longley DB and Johnston PG: Cancer drug resistance: An evolving paradigm. Nat Rev Cancer. 13:714–726. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Vasan N, Baselga J and Hyman DM: A view on drug resistance in cancer. Nature. 575:299–309. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Zhu H, Luo H, Zhang W, Shen Z, Hu X and Zhu X: Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther. 10:1885–1895. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Nikolaou M, Pavlopoulou A, Georgakilas AG and Kyrodimos E: The challenge of drug resistance in cancer treatment: A current overview. Clin Exp Metastasis. 35:309–318. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Panda M and Biswal BK: Cell signaling and cancer: A mechanistic insight into drug resistance. Mol Biol Rep. 46:5645–5659. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Salgia R and Kulkarni P: The genetic/non-genetic duality of drug ‘resistance’ in cancer. Trends Cancer. 4:110–118. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Kartal-Yandim M, Adan-Gokbulut A and Baran Y: Molecular mechanisms of drug resistance and its reversal in cancer. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 36:716–726. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Chatterjee N and Bivona TG: Polytherapy and Targeted Cancer Drug Resistance. Trends Cancer. 5:170–182. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Hirose M, Hosoi E, Hamano S and Jalili A: Multidrug resistance in hematological malignancy. J Med Invest. 50:126–135. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Hackl H, Astanina K and Wieser R: Molecular and genetic alterations associated with therapy resistance and relapse of acute myeloid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol. 10(51)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Waghray D and Zhang Q: Inhibit or evade multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein in cancer treatment. J Med Chem. 61:5108–5121. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D and Bray F: Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 136:E359–E386. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Wu C: Systemic therapy for colon cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 27:235–242. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Hu T, Li Z, Gao CY and Cho CH: Mechanisms of drug resistance in colon cancer and its therapeutic strategies. World J Gastroenterol. 22:6876–6889. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Han B, Feng D, Yu X, Zhang Y, Liu Y and Zhou L: Identification and interaction analysis of molecular markers in colorectal cancer by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Med Sci Monit. 24:6059–6069. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Irham LM, Wong HS, Chou WH, Adikusuma W, Mugiyanto E, Huang WC and Chang WC: Integration of genetic variants and gene network for drug repurposing in colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Res. 161(105203)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Zhang X, Zhang H, Shen B and Sun XF: Novel MicroRNA biomarkers for colorectal cancer early diagnosis and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy resistance but not prognosis: A atudy from databases to AI-assisted verifications. Cancers (Basel). 12(E341)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, Fritz AG, Greene FL and Trotti A (eds): AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 7th edition. Springer, New York, NY, 2010.

19 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Li Q, Lai Z, Yan Z, Peng J, Jin Y, Wei L and Lin J: Hedyotis diffusa Willd inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of 5 FU resistant colorectal cancer cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep. 17:358–365. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Li Q, Wei L, Lin S, Chen Y, Lin J and Peng J: Synergistic effect of kaempferol and 5 fluorouracil on the growth of colorectal cancer cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep. 20:728–734. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Fallah J and Rini BI: HIF Inhibitors: Status of current clinical Development. Curr Oncol Rep. 21(6)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Feng X, Liu H, Zhang Z, Gu Y, Qiu H and He Z: Annexin A2 contributes to cisplatin resistance by activation of JNK-p53 pathway in non-small cell lung cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 36(123)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Zhao F and Lam EW: Role of the forkhead transcription factor FOXO-FOXM1 axis in cancer and drug resistance. Front Med. 6:376–380. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Lai M, Liu G, Li R, Bai H, Zhao J, Xiao P and Mei J: Hsa_circ_0079662 induces the resistance mechanism of the chemotherapy drug oxaliplatin through the TNF-α pathway in human colon cancer. J Cell Mol Med. 24:5021–5027. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Kozovska Z, Gabrisova V and Kucerova L: Colon cancer: cancer stem cells markers, drug resistance and treatment. Biomed Pharmacother. 68:911–916. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Yuan Z, Shi X, Qiu Y, Jia T, Yuan X, Zou Y, Liu C, Yu H, Yuan Y, He X, et al: Reversal of P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance in colon cancer by cinobufagin. Oncol Rep. 37:1815–1825. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Hu T, To KK, Wang L, Zhang L, Lu L, Shen J, Chan RL, Li M, Yeung JH and Cho CH: Reversal of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated multidrug resistance in colon cancer cells by cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Phytomedicine. 21:1264–1272. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Abu-Sanad A, Wang Y, Hasheminasab F, Panasci J, Noë A, Rosca L, Davidson D, Amrein L, Sharif-Askari B, Aloyz R, et al: Simultaneous inhibition of ATR and PARP sensitizes colon cancer cell lines to irinotecan. Front Pharmacol. 6(147)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Zhou Y, Wan G, Spizzo R, Ivan C, Mathur R, Hu X, Ye X, Lu J, Fan F, Xia L, et al: miR-203 induces oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer cells by negatively regulating ATM kinase. Mol Oncol. 8:83–92. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Alimperti S and Andreadis ST: CDH2 and CDH11 act as regulators of stem cell fate decisions. Stem Cell Res (Amst). 14:270–282. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Loh CY, Chai JY, Tang TF, Wong WF, Sethi G, Shanmugam MK, Chong PP and Looi CY: The E-cadherin and N-cadherin switch in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition: Signaling, therapeutic implications, and challenges. Cells. 8(E1118)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Serova M, Astorgues-Xerri L, Bieche I, Albert S, Vidaud M, Benhadji KA, Emami S, Vidaud D, Hammel P, Theou-Anton N, et al: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and oncogenic Ras expression in resistance to the protein kinase Cbeta inhibitor enzastaurin in colon cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 9:1308–1317. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Tomida C, Yamagishi N, Nagano H, Uchida T, Ohno A, Hirasaka K, Nikawa T and Teshima-Kondo S: VEGF pathway-targeting drugs induce evasive adaptation by activation of neuropilin-1/cMet in colon cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 52:1350–1362. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Zhang Y and Chua S Jr: Leptin function and regulation. Compr Physiol. 8:351–369. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Lipsey CC, Harbuzariu A, Robey RW, Huff LM, Gottesman MM and Gonzalez-Perez RR: Leptin signaling affects survival and chemoresistance of estrogen receptor negative breast cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 21(E3794)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Lao G, Ren M, Wang X, Zhang J, Huang Y, Liu D, Luo H, Yang C and Yan L: Human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 improved wound healing in diabetes through its anti-apoptotic effect. Exp Dermatol. 28:528–535. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Lee JH, Choi JW and Kim YS: Serum TIMP-1 predicts survival outcomes of invasive breast carcinoma patients: A meta-analysis. Arch Med Res. 42:463–468. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Tan Y, Li X, Tian Z, Chen S, Zou J, Lian G, Chen S, Huang K and Chen Y: TIMP1 down-regulation enhances gemcitabine sensitivity and reverses chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Biochem Pharmacol. 189(114085)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Liu C, Feng X, Wang B, Wang X, Wang C, Yu M, Cao G and Wang H: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote head and neck cancer progression through Periostin-mediated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin. Cancer Sci. 109:688–698. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Xiao ZM, Wang XY and Wang AM: Periostin induces chemoresistance in colon cancer cells through activation of the PI3K/Akt/survivin pathway. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 62:401–406. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Ratajczak-Wielgomas K, Kmiecik A, Grzegrzołka J, Piotrowska A, Gomulkiewicz A, Partynska A, Pawelczyk K, Nowinska K, Podhorska-Okolow M and Dziegiel P: Prognostic significance of stromal periostin expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 21(E7025)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Park SY, Piao Y, Jeong KJ, Dong J and de Groot JF: Periostin (POSTN) regulates tumor resistance to antiangiogenic therapy in glioma models. Mol Cancer Ther. 15:2187–2197. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liu T, Xia R, Li C, Chen X, Cai X and Li W: mRNA expression level of <em>CDH2, LEP, POSTN, TIMP1</em> and <em>VEGFC</em> modulates 5‑fluorouracil resistance in colon cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 22: 1023, 2021.
APA
Liu, T., Xia, R., Li, C., Chen, X., Cai, X., & Li, W. (2021). mRNA expression level of <em>CDH2, LEP, POSTN, TIMP1</em> and <em>VEGFC</em> modulates 5‑fluorouracil resistance in colon cancer cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 1023. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10455
MLA
Liu, T., Xia, R., Li, C., Chen, X., Cai, X., Li, W."mRNA expression level of <em>CDH2, LEP, POSTN, TIMP1</em> and <em>VEGFC</em> modulates 5‑fluorouracil resistance in colon cancer cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.3 (2021): 1023.
Chicago
Liu, T., Xia, R., Li, C., Chen, X., Cai, X., Li, W."mRNA expression level of <em>CDH2, LEP, POSTN, TIMP1</em> and <em>VEGFC</em> modulates 5‑fluorouracil resistance in colon cancer cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 3 (2021): 1023. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10455
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liu T, Xia R, Li C, Chen X, Cai X and Li W: mRNA expression level of <em>CDH2, LEP, POSTN, TIMP1</em> and <em>VEGFC</em> modulates 5‑fluorouracil resistance in colon cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 22: 1023, 2021.
APA
Liu, T., Xia, R., Li, C., Chen, X., Cai, X., & Li, W. (2021). mRNA expression level of <em>CDH2, LEP, POSTN, TIMP1</em> and <em>VEGFC</em> modulates 5‑fluorouracil resistance in colon cancer cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22, 1023. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10455
MLA
Liu, T., Xia, R., Li, C., Chen, X., Cai, X., Li, W."mRNA expression level of <em>CDH2, LEP, POSTN, TIMP1</em> and <em>VEGFC</em> modulates 5‑fluorouracil resistance in colon cancer cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22.3 (2021): 1023.
Chicago
Liu, T., Xia, R., Li, C., Chen, X., Cai, X., Li, W."mRNA expression level of <em>CDH2, LEP, POSTN, TIMP1</em> and <em>VEGFC</em> modulates 5‑fluorouracil resistance in colon cancer cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 22, no. 3 (2021): 1023. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10455
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team