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Review

Immunoregulatory therapy strategies that target cytokine storms in patients with COVID‑19 (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Xianyao Wang
    • Zhixu He
    • Xing Zhao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for Cell Engineering and Biomedicine Technique, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
  • Article Number: 319
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    Published online on: February 3, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9750
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Abstract

A cytokine storm is an uncontrolled, excessive immune response that contributes to the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19). Viral infections lead to the loss of negative feedback in immune regulation and an abnormal elevation of the levels of multiple cytokines. In COVID‑19, this causes diffuse damage to alveolar functions and may culminate in multiple organ dysfunction. Immunoregulatory therapies target the cytokine storms induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), the virus that causes COVID‑19, and include monoclonal antibodies, recombinant granulocyte‑macrophage colony stimulating factor, interferon, mesenchymal stem cell‑based therapy, thymosin, immunoglobulins and blood purification therapies. These approaches may be effective in the alleviation of COVID‑19 symptoms. In this review, cytokine storms caused by SARS‑CoV‑2 infections are evaluated and discussed, and advances in immunoregulatory therapy strategies for patients with COVID‑19 are reviewed.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang X, He Z and Zhao X: Immunoregulatory therapy strategies that target cytokine storms in patients with COVID‑19 (Review). Exp Ther Med 21: 319, 2021.
APA
Wang, X., He, Z., & Zhao, X. (2021). Immunoregulatory therapy strategies that target cytokine storms in patients with COVID‑19 (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 319. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9750
MLA
Wang, X., He, Z., Zhao, X."Immunoregulatory therapy strategies that target cytokine storms in patients with COVID‑19 (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.4 (2021): 319.
Chicago
Wang, X., He, Z., Zhao, X."Immunoregulatory therapy strategies that target cytokine storms in patients with COVID‑19 (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 4 (2021): 319. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9750
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang X, He Z and Zhao X: Immunoregulatory therapy strategies that target cytokine storms in patients with COVID‑19 (Review). Exp Ther Med 21: 319, 2021.
APA
Wang, X., He, Z., & Zhao, X. (2021). Immunoregulatory therapy strategies that target cytokine storms in patients with COVID‑19 (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 319. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9750
MLA
Wang, X., He, Z., Zhao, X."Immunoregulatory therapy strategies that target cytokine storms in patients with COVID‑19 (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.4 (2021): 319.
Chicago
Wang, X., He, Z., Zhao, X."Immunoregulatory therapy strategies that target cytokine storms in patients with COVID‑19 (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 4 (2021): 319. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9750
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