Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
April-2021 Volume 21 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2021 Volume 21 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Differentiation of HL‑60 cells in serum‑free hematopoietic cell media enhances the production of neutrophil extracellular traps

  • Authors:
    • Yun Guo
    • Fei Gao
    • Qian Wang
    • Kang Wang
    • Shanshan Pan
    • Zhenzhen Pan
    • Shiyao Xu
    • Ling Li
    • Deyu Zhao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China, Department of Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Guo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 353
    |
    Published online on: February 11, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9784
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web‑like structures made of chromatin and have been identified to have a role in the host's immune defense. Differentiated human promyelocytic leukemia HL‑60 cells (dHL‑60) have been used to study the mechanisms of NETs formation, as neutrophils have a short lifespan that limits their use. However, dHL‑60 cells are inefficient at generating NETs and therefore are not ideal replacements for neutrophils in studying of NET formation. In the present study, the optimal cell culture conditions and differentiation time that result in the most effective release of NETs from dHL‑60 cells upon stimulation were determined. HL‑60 cells were cultured in serum (FBS) or serum‑free (X‑VIVO) medium and differentiated using all‑trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). dHL‑60 cells were stimulated with phorbol 12‑myristate 13‑acetate (PMA) or Ca2+ ionophore (CI). Cell differentiation and apoptosis, as well as the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and citrullinated histone H3 (citH3) were analyzed using flow cytometry. NETs were visualized using fluorescence microscopy and NET quantification was performed using PicoGreen. Induction of HL‑60 cells for five days produced the best results in terms of differentiation markers and cell viability. Both ATRA‑ and DMSO‑induced dHL‑60 cells were able to release NETs upon PMA and CI stimulation; dHL‑60 cells in serum‑free medium produced more NETs than those in serum‑containing medium. DMSO‑dHL‑60 (X‑VIVO) cells were most efficient at producing NETs and ROS upon stimulation with PMA, while ATRA‑dHL‑60 (X‑VIVO) cells were most efficient at producing NETs and citH3 upon stimulation with CI. It was concluded that DMSO‑dHL‑60 (X‑VIVO) may be a model for the study of ROS‑high NETosis and ATRA‑dHL‑60 (X‑VIVO) may be suitable for ROS‑low NETosis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Soehnlein O, Steffens S, Hidalgo A and Weber C: Neutrophils as protagonists and targets in chronic inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 17:248–261. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Castanheira FVS and Kubes P: Neutrophils and NETS in modulating acute and chronic inflammation. Blood. 133:2178–2185. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Lefrancais E, Mallavia B, Zhuo H, Calfee CS and Looney MR: Maladaptive role of neutrophil extracellular traps in pathogen-induced lung injury. JCI Insight. 3(e98178)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Mohanty T, Fisher J, Bakochi A, Neumann A, Cardoso JFP, Karlsson CAQ, Pavan C, Lundgaard I, Nilson B, Reinstrup P, et al: Neutrophil extracellular traps in the central nervous system hinder bacterial clearance during pneumococcal meningitis. Nat Commun. 10(1667)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Tanaka M, Kinoshita-Daitoku R, Kiga K, Sanada T, Zhu B, Okano T, Aikawa C, Iida T, Ogura Y, Hayashi T, et al: Group A streptococcus establishes pharynx infection by degrading the deoxyribonucleic acid of neutrophil extracellular traps. Sci Rep. 10(3251)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

van Dam LS, Kraaij T, Kamerling SWA, Bakker JA, Scherer UH, Rabelink TJ, van Kooten C and Teng YKO: Intrinsically distinct role of neutrophil extracellular trap formation in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis compared to systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol. 71:2047–2058. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Brinkmann V, Reichard U, Goosmann C, Fauler B, Uhlemann Y, Weiss DS, Weinrauch Y and Zychlinsky A: Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria. Science. 303:1532–1535. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Fuchs TA, Abed U, Goosmann C, Hurwitz R, Schulze I, Wahn V, Weinrauch Y, Brinkmann V and Zychlinsky A: Novel cell death program leads to neutrophil extracellular traps. J Cell Biol. 176:231–241. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

D'Cruz AA, Speir M, Bliss-Moreau M, Dietrich S, Wang S, Chen AA, Gavillet M, Al-Obeidi A, Lawlor KE and Vince JE: The pseudokinase MLKL activates PAD4-dependent NET formation in necroptotic neutrophils. Sci Signal. 11(eaao1716)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Yousefi S, Mihalache C, Kozlowski E, Schmid I and Simon HU: Viable neutrophils release mitochondrial DNA to form neutrophil extracellular traps. Cell Death Differ. 16:1438–1444. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Pilsczek FH, Salina D, Poon KK, Fahey C, Yipp BG, Sibley CD, Robbins SM, Green FH, Surette MG, Sugai M, et al: A novel mechanism of rapid nuclear neutrophil extracellular trap formation in response to Staphylococcus aureus. J Immunol. 185:7413–7425. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Chen KW, Monteleone M, Boucher D, Sollberger G, Ramnath D, Condon ND, von Pein JB, Broz P, Sweet MJ and Schroder K: Noncanonical inflammasome signaling elicits gasdermin D-dependent neutrophil extracellular traps. Sci Immunol. 3(eaar6676)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Manda-Handzlik A, Bystrzycka W, Wachowska M, Sieczkowska S, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A, Demkow U and Ciepiela O: The influence of agents differentiating HL-60 cells toward granulocyte-like cells on their ability to release neutrophil extracellular traps. Immunol Cell Biol. 96:413–425. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Manda-Handzlik A, Bystrzycka W, Cieloch A, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Jankowska-Steifer E, Heropolitanska-Pliszka E, Skrobot A, Muchowicz A, Ciepiela O, Wachowska M and Demkow U: Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite trigger and enhance release of neutrophil extracellular traps. Cell Mol Life Sci. 77:3059–3075. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Obama T, Ohinata H, Takaki T, Iwamoto S, Sawada N, Aiuchi T, Kato R and Itabe H: Cooperative action of oxidized low-density lipoproteins and neutrophils on endothelial inflammatory responses through neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Front Immunol. 10(1899)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Razvina O, Jiang S, Matsubara K, Ohashi R, Hasegawa G, Aoyama T, Daigo K, Kodama T, Hamakubo T and Naito M: Differential expression of pentraxin 3 in neutrophils. Exp Mol Pathol. 98:33–40. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Alyami HM, Finoti LS, Teixeira HS, Aljefri A, Kinane DF and Benakanakere MR: Role of NOD1/NOD2 receptors in Fusobacterium nucleatum mediated NETosis. Microb Pathog. 131:53–64. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Douda DN, Khan MA, Grasemann H and Palaniyar N: SK3 channel and mitochondrial ROS mediate NADPH oxidase-independent NETosis induced by calcium influx. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 112:2817–2822. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Gavillet M, Martinod K, Renella R, Harris C, Shapiro NI, Wagner DD and Williams DA: Flow cytometric assay for direct quantification of neutrophil extracellular traps in blood samples. Am J Hematol. 90:1155–1158. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Rincon E, Rocha-Gregg BL and Collins SR: A map of gene expression in neutrophil-like cell lines. BMC Genomics. 19(573)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Liu CL, Tangsombatvisit S, Rosenberg JM, Mandelbaum G, Gillespie EC, Gozani OP, Alizadeh AA and Utz PJ: Specific post-translational histone modifications of neutrophil extracellular traps as immunogens and potential targets of lupus autoantibodies. Arthritis Res Ther. 14(R25)2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Gupta D, Shah HP, Malu K, Berliner N and Gaines P: Differentiation and characterization of myeloid cells. Curr Protoc Immunol. 104:22F.5.1–22F.5.28. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Pedruzzi E, Fay M, Elbim C and Gougerot-Pocidalo MA: Differentiation of PLB-985 myeloid cells into mature neutrophils, shown by degranulation of terminally differentiated compartments in response to N-formyl peptide and priming of superoxide anion production by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Br J Haematol. 117:719–726. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Chen L, Xie XY, Nie JQ, Chen DL, Huang AP, Fang F, Qu MY, Nan X, He LJ, Fan Z, et al: Mononuclear cells of umbilical cord blood differentiation to granulocyte cell in vitro. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 38:532–536. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar : (In Chinese).

25 

Perdomo J, Leung HH, Ahmadi Z, Yan F, Chong JJ, Passam FH and Chong BH: Neutrophil activation and NETosis are the major drivers of thrombosis in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Nat Commun. 10(1322)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Lelliott PM, Momota M, Shibahara T, Lee MS, Smith NI, Ishii KJ and Coban C: Heparin induces neutrophil elastase dependent vital and lytic NET formation. Int Immunol. 32:359–368. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Lood C, Blanco LP, Purmalek MM, Carmona-Rivera C, De Ravin SS, Smith CK, Malech HL, Ledbetter JA, Elkon KB and Kaplan MJ: Neutrophil extracellular traps enriched in oxidized mitochondrial DNA are interferogenic and contribute to lupus-like disease. Nat Med. 22:146–153. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Burgener SS and Schroder K: Neutrophil extracellular traps in host defense. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 12(a037028)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Wang Y, Li M, Stadler S, Correll S, Li P, Wang D, Hayama R, Leonelli L, Han H, Grigoryev SA, et al: Histone hypercitrullination mediates chromatin decondensation and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. J Cell Biol. 184:205–213. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Yaseen R, Blodkamp S, Lüthje P, Reuner F, Völlger L, Naim HY and von Köckritz-Blickwede M: Antimicrobial activity of HL-60 cells compared to primary blood-derived neutrophils against Staphylococcus aureus. J Negat Results Biomed. 16(2)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Sham RL, Phatak PD, Belanger KA and Packman CH: Functional properties of HL60 cells matured with all-trans-retinoic acid and DMSO: Differences in response to interleukin-8 and fMLP. Leuk Res. 19:1–6. 1995.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Song G, Shi L, Guo Y, Yu L, Wang L, Zhang X, Li L, Han Y, Ren X, Guo Q, et al: A novel PAD4/SOX4/PU.1 signaling pathway is involved in the committed differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells into granulocytic cells. Oncotarget. 7:3144–3157. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Imaizumi M and Breitman TR: Retinoic acid-induced differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60, and fresh human leukemia cells in primary culture: A model for differentiation inducing therapy of leukemia. Eur J Haematol. 38:289–302. 1987.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Wang Y, Wysocka J, Sayegh J, Lee YH, Perlin JR, Leonelli L, Sonbuchner LS, McDonald CH, Cook RG, Dou Y, et al: Human PAD4 regulates histone arginine methylation levels via demethylimination. Science. 306:279–283. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Steinberg SF: Structural basis of protein kinase C isoform function. Physiol Rev. 88:1341–1378. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Remijsen Q, Vanden Berghe T, Wirawan E, Asselbergh B, Parthoens E, De Rycke R, Noppen S, Delforge M, Willems J and Vandenabeele P: Neutrophil extracellular trap cell death requires both autophagy and superoxide generation. Cell Res. 21:290–304. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Parker H, Dragunow M, Hampton MB, Kettle AJ and Winterbourn CC: Requirements for NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase in neutrophil extracellular trap formation differ depending on the stimulus. J Leukoc Biol. 92:841–849. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Kamoshida G, Kikuchi-Ueda T, Nishida S, Tansho-Nagakawa S, Kikuchi H, Ubagai T and Ono Y: Spontaneous formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in serum-free culture conditions. FEBS Open Bio. 7:877–886. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Hakkim A, Furnrohr BG, Amann K, Laube B, Abed UA, Brinkmann V, Herrmann M, Voll RE and Zychlinsky A: Impairment of neutrophil extracellular trap degradation is associated with lupus nephritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107:9813–9818. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Guo Y, Gao F, Wang Q, Wang K, Pan S, Pan Z, Xu S, Li L and Zhao D: Differentiation of HL‑60 cells in serum‑free hematopoietic cell media enhances the production of neutrophil extracellular traps. Exp Ther Med 21: 353, 2021.
APA
Guo, Y., Gao, F., Wang, Q., Wang, K., Pan, S., Pan, Z. ... Zhao, D. (2021). Differentiation of HL‑60 cells in serum‑free hematopoietic cell media enhances the production of neutrophil extracellular traps. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 353. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9784
MLA
Guo, Y., Gao, F., Wang, Q., Wang, K., Pan, S., Pan, Z., Xu, S., Li, L., Zhao, D."Differentiation of HL‑60 cells in serum‑free hematopoietic cell media enhances the production of neutrophil extracellular traps". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.4 (2021): 353.
Chicago
Guo, Y., Gao, F., Wang, Q., Wang, K., Pan, S., Pan, Z., Xu, S., Li, L., Zhao, D."Differentiation of HL‑60 cells in serum‑free hematopoietic cell media enhances the production of neutrophil extracellular traps". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 4 (2021): 353. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9784
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Guo Y, Gao F, Wang Q, Wang K, Pan S, Pan Z, Xu S, Li L and Zhao D: Differentiation of HL‑60 cells in serum‑free hematopoietic cell media enhances the production of neutrophil extracellular traps. Exp Ther Med 21: 353, 2021.
APA
Guo, Y., Gao, F., Wang, Q., Wang, K., Pan, S., Pan, Z. ... Zhao, D. (2021). Differentiation of HL‑60 cells in serum‑free hematopoietic cell media enhances the production of neutrophil extracellular traps. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 353. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9784
MLA
Guo, Y., Gao, F., Wang, Q., Wang, K., Pan, S., Pan, Z., Xu, S., Li, L., Zhao, D."Differentiation of HL‑60 cells in serum‑free hematopoietic cell media enhances the production of neutrophil extracellular traps". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.4 (2021): 353.
Chicago
Guo, Y., Gao, F., Wang, Q., Wang, K., Pan, S., Pan, Z., Xu, S., Li, L., Zhao, D."Differentiation of HL‑60 cells in serum‑free hematopoietic cell media enhances the production of neutrophil extracellular traps". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 4 (2021): 353. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9784
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team