Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
July-2022 Volume 24 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2022 Volume 24 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

GRWD1 affects the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of triple negative breast cancer through the Notch signaling pathway

  • Authors:
    • Liang Yao
    • Fuguo Tian
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital and Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Yao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 473
    |
    Published online on: May 30, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11400
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous tumor, among which triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most invasive and prone to recurrence and metastasis. The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of glutamate‑rich WD‑repeat‑containing protein 1 (GRWD1) in TNBC cells. The expression of GRWD1 in the normal human breast epithelial cells and human breast cancer cells was detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and western blot analysis. The transfection effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA)‑GRWD1 and overexpression (Ov)‑Notch1 were also confirmed by RT‑qPCR and western blotting. The proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of transfected cells were in turn analyzed by Cell Counting Kit‑8, 5‑Ethynyl‑2'‑deoxyuridine, Matrigel and wound healing assays. The expression of proteins related to proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and the Notch signaling pathway was detected by western blotting. As a result, GRWD1 expression was upregulated in breast cancer cells and was revealed to be highest in MDA‑MB‑231 and HCC1937 cells. GRWD1 knockdown suppressed TNBC cell proliferation, invasion and migration and promoted TNBC cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the expression of Notch1 and Notch4 was inhibited by GRWD1 knockdown. The expression of downstream genes of the Notch signaling pathway Hes1, Hes5, Hey1, Hey2, p21, c‑Myc, cyclin D1, human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor and NF‑kB were all suppressed after siRNA‑GRWD1 transfection. However, Notch1 overexpression reversed the effect of GRWD1 knockdown on biological behaviors of TNBC cells. In conclusion, GRWD1 knockdown could suppress the proliferation, invasion and migration and promoted apoptosis of TNBC cells through inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

View References

1 

Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A and Bray F: Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA cancer J Clin. 71:209–249. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Costa RLB and Gradishar WJ: Triple-negative breast cancer: Current practice and future directions. J Oncol Pract. 13:301–303. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Bauer KR, Brown M, Cress RD, Parise CA and Caggiano V: Descriptive analysis of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and HER2-negative invasive breast cancer, the so-called triple-negative phenotype: A population-based study from the California cancer registry. Cancer. 109:1721–1728. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

de Foucher T, Roussel H, Hivelin M, Rossi L, Cornou C, Bats AS, Deloménie M, Lécuru F and Ngô C: Atypical distant metastasis of breast malignant phyllodes tumors: A case report and literature review. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2017(8963013)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Sutter SA, Slinker A, Balumuka DD and Mitchell KB: Surgical management of breast cancer in africa: A continent-wide review of intervention practices, barriers to care, and adjuvant therapy. J Glob Oncol. 3:162–168. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Huszno J and Grzybowska E: TP53 mutations and SNPs as prognostic and predictive factors in patients with breast cancer. Oncol Lett. 16:34–40. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Langerød A, Zhao H, Borgan Ø, Nesland JM, Bukholm IR, Ikdahl T, Kåresen R, Børresen-Dale AL and Jeffrey SS: TP53 mutation status and gene expression profiles are powerful prognostic markers of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 9(R30)2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Gratenstein K, Heggestad AD, Fortun J, Notterpek L, Pestov DG and Fletcher BS: The WD-repeat protein GRWD1: Potential roles in myeloid differentiation and ribosome biogenesis. Genomics. 85:762–773. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Fujiyama H, Tsuji T, Hironaka K, Yoshida K, Sugimoto N and Fujita M: GRWD1 directly interacts with p53 and negatively regulates p53 transcriptional activity. J Biochem. 167:15–24. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Deng X, Li S, Kong F, Ruan H, Xu X, Zhang X, Wu Z, Zhang L, Xu Y, Yuan H, et al: Long noncoding RNA PiHL regulates p53 protein stability through GRWD1/RPL11/MDM2 axis in colorectal cancer. Theranostics. l10:265–280. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Wang Q, Ren H, Xu Y, Jiang J, Wudu M, Liu Z, Su H, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Zhang B and Qiu X: GRWD1 promotes cell proliferation and migration in non-small cell lung cancer by activating the notch pathway. Exp Cell Res. 387(111806)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Atwal D, Ramos JM and Makhoul I: Late breast cancer recurrence with bone marrow metastases and acute pulmonary hypertension. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 31:213–215. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

McAllister SD, Murase R, Christian RT, Lau D, Zielinski AJ, Allison J, Almanza C, Pakdel A, Lee J, Limbad C, et al: Pathways mediating the effects of cannabidiol on the reduction of breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 129:37–47. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Takafuji T, Kayama K, Sugimoto N and Fujita M: GRWD1, a new player among oncogenesis-related ribosomal/nucleolar proteins. Cell Cycle. 16:1397–1403. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Kayama K, Watanabe S, Takafuji T, Tsuji T, Hironaka K, Matsumoto M, Nakayama KI, Enari M, Kohno T, Shiraishi K, et al: GRWD1 negatively regulates p53 via the RPL11-MDM2 pathway and promotes tumorigenesis. EMBO Rep. 18:123–137. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Pan Y, Yuan Y, Liu G and Wei Y: P53 and Ki-67 as prognostic markers in triple-negative breast cancer patients. PLoS One. 12(e0172324)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Xu L, Wang S, Zhao Z and Wang K: Expression and prognosis of VEGF and P53 in tissues and serum of patients with triple negative breast cancer. Journal of Nanjing Medical University (Natural Sciences). 41:118–121. 2021.(In Chinese).

19 

Aigner K, Dampier B, Descovich L, Mikula M, Sultan A, Schreiber M, Mikulits W, Brabletz T, Strand D, Obrist P, et al: The transcription factor ZEB1 (deltaEF1) promotes tumour cell dedifferentiation by repressing master regulators of epithelial polarity. Oncogene. 26:6979–6988. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Choi BD, Jeong SJ, Wang G, Park JJ, Lim DS, Kim BH, Cho YI, Kim CS and Jeong MJ: Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is associated with MMP-2 and MMP-9 to promote migration and invasion in SNU638 gastric cancer cells. Int J Mol Med. 28:527–534. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Burlaka AP, Ganusevich II, Gafurov MR, Lukin SM and Sidorik EP: Stomach cancer: Interconnection between the redox state, activity of MMP-2, MMP-9 and stage of tumor growth. Cancer Microenviron. 9:27–32. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Yuan X, Wu H, Han N, Xu H, Chu Q, Yu S, Chen Y and Wu K: Notch signaling and EMT in non-small cell lung cancer: Biological significance and therapeutic application. J Hematol Oncol. 7(87)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Giuli MV, Giuliani E, Screpanti I, Bellavia D and Checquolo S: Notch signaling activation as a hallmark for triple-negative breast cancer subtype. J Oncol. 2019(8707053)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Chiang MY, Radojcic V and Maillard I: Oncogenic notch signaling in t-cell and B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Curr Opin Hematol. 23:362–370. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Allen TD, Rodriguez EM, Jones KD and Bishop JM: Activated notch1 induces lung adenomas in mice and cooperates with myc in the generation of lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 71:6010–6018. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Licciulli S, Avila JL, Hanlon L, Troutman S, Cesaroni M, Kota S, Keith B, Simon MC, Puré E, Radtke F, et al: Notch1 is required for Kras-induced lung adenocarcinoma and controls tumor cell survival via p53. Cancer Res. 73:5974–5984. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Kar R, Jha NK, Jha SK, Sharma A, Dholpuria S, Asthana N, Chaurasiya K, Singh VK, Burgee S and Nand P: A ‘NOTCH’ deeper into the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program in breast cancer. Genes. 10(961)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Kong P, Chen L, Yu M, Tao J, Liu J, Wang Y, Pan H, Zhou W and Wang S: miR-3178 inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting Notch1 in triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Death Dis. 9(1059)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Xiao YS, Zeng D, Liang YK, Wu Y, Li MF, Qi YZ, Wei XL, Huang WH, Chen M and Zhang GJ: Major vault protein is a direct target of notch1 signaling and contributes to chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 440-441:156–167. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Sun D, Lei W, Hou X, Li H and Ni W: PUF60 accelerates the progression of breast cancer through downregulation of PTEN expression. Cancer Manag Res. 11:821–830. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Lin Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Guo W, Chen L, Chen M, Chen X, Zhang W, Jin X, Jiang M, et al: CTPS1 promotes malignant progression of triple-negative breast cancer with transcriptional activation by YBX1. J Transl Med. 20(17)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Eskiler GG, Sahin E, Ozkan AD, Kaya OT and Kaleli S: Curcumin induces DNA damage by mediating homologous recombination mechanism in triple negative breast cancer. Nutr Cancer. 72:1057–1066. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Iso T, Kedes L and Hamamori Y: HES and HERP families: Multiple effectors of the notch signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol. 194:237–255. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Stifani S, Blaumueller CM, Redhead NJ, Hill RE and Artavanis-Tsakonas S: Human homologs of a drosophila enhancer of split gene product define a novel family of nuclear proteins. Nat Genet. 2:119–127. 1992.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Maier MM and Gessler M: Comparative analysis of the human and mouse Hey1 promoter: Hey genes are new notch target genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 275:652–660. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Ronchini C and Capobianco AJ: Induction of cyclin D1 transcription and CDK2 activity by Notch(ic): Implication for cell cycle disruption in transformation by Notch(ic). Mol Cell Biol. 21:5925–5934. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Oswald F, Liptay S, Adler G and Schmid RM: NF-kappaB2 is a putative target gene of activated Notch-1 via RBP-Jkappa. Mol Cell Biol. 18:2077–2088. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Weng AP, Millholland JM, Yashiro-Ohtani Y, Arcangeli ML, Lau A, Wai C, Bianco CD, Rodriguez CG, Sai H, Tobias J, et al: c-Myc is an important direct target of Notch1 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Genes Dev. 20:2096–2109. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Choi JW, Pampeno C, Vukmanovic S and Meruelo D: Characterization of the transcriptional expression of notch-1 signaling pathway members, Deltex and HES-1, in developing mouse thymocytes. Dev Comp Immunol. 26:575–588. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Kobayashi T, Mizuno H, Imayoshi I, Furusawa C, Shirahige K and Kageyama R: The cyclic gene Hes1 contributes to diverse differentiation responses of embryonic stem cells. Genes Dev. 23:1870–1875. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Suh JH, Lee HW, Lee JW and Kim JB: Hes1 stimulates transcriptional activity of Runx2 by increasing protein stabilization during osteoblast differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 367:97–102. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Himes AD and Raetzman LT: Premature differentiation and aberrant movement of pituitary cells lacking both Hes1 and Prop1. Dev Biol. 325:151–161. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Lu L, Liu S, Dong Q and Xin Y: Salidroside suppresses the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting the activation of the notch1 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep. 19:4964–4972. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yao L and Tian F: GRWD1 affects the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of triple negative breast cancer through the Notch signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 24: 473, 2022.
APA
Yao, L., & Tian, F. (2022). GRWD1 affects the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of triple negative breast cancer through the Notch signaling pathway. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 24, 473. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11400
MLA
Yao, L., Tian, F."GRWD1 affects the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of triple negative breast cancer through the Notch signaling pathway". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 24.1 (2022): 473.
Chicago
Yao, L., Tian, F."GRWD1 affects the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of triple negative breast cancer through the Notch signaling pathway". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 24, no. 1 (2022): 473. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11400
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yao L and Tian F: GRWD1 affects the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of triple negative breast cancer through the Notch signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 24: 473, 2022.
APA
Yao, L., & Tian, F. (2022). GRWD1 affects the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of triple negative breast cancer through the Notch signaling pathway. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 24, 473. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11400
MLA
Yao, L., Tian, F."GRWD1 affects the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of triple negative breast cancer through the Notch signaling pathway". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 24.1 (2022): 473.
Chicago
Yao, L., Tian, F."GRWD1 affects the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of triple negative breast cancer through the Notch signaling pathway". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 24, no. 1 (2022): 473. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11400
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team