Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
January-2023 Volume 25 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2023 Volume 25 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Protective effect of leukemia inhibitory factor on the retinal injury induced by acute ocular hypertension in rats

  • Authors:
    • Jiexuan Lv
    • Ruxin Gao
    • Yao Wang
    • Changquan Huang
    • Renyi Wu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361001, P.R. China, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Clinical Study Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Medical School, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Lv et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 19
    |
    Published online on: November 22, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11717
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. As such, neuroprotective therapy is essential for the treatment of this disease. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a member of the IL‑6 cytokine family and the LIF signaling pathway is considered to be one of the major endogenous factors mediating neuroprotection in the retina. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the possible effects of LIF in acute ocular hypertension (AOH). The intraocular pressure in rat eyes was raised to 110 mmHg for 1 h by infusing the anterior chamber with normal saline to establish the AOH model. In the treatment group, LIF was then injected into the vitreous cavity after AOH was ceased. The retinal tissues were obtained after the termination of AOH, and H&E staining was conducted to assess the morphological damage. The number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was counted using the Fluoro‑Gold retrograde staining method. TUNEL staining was used to determine the extent of apoptosis among the retinal cells. In addition, the protein expression levels of cleaved caspase‑3, poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase (PARP), STAT3 and components of the AKT/mTOR/70‑kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) signaling pathway were examined by western blotting. The results showed that AOH induced tissue swelling and structural damage in the retina, which were reversed by LIF injection. In the LIF treatment group, RGC loss was significantly inhibited and the quantity of TUNEL‑stained cells was also significantly reduced, whereas the expression of cleaved caspase‑3 and PARP was decreased. Furthermore, increased phosphorylation of STAT3, AKT, mTOR and p70S6K was observed after LIF treatment. By contrast, pretreatment with the STAT3 inhibitor C188‑9 or the PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitor LY3023414 reversed the LIF‑induced inhibition of RGC loss. These results suggested that exogenous LIF treatment inhibited the retinal damage induced by AOH, which was associated with the activation of STAT3 and mTOR/p70S6K signaling. Therefore, LIF may serve a role in neuroprotection for glaucoma treatment.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Tham YC, Li X, Wong TY, Quigley HA, Aung T and Cheng CY: Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 121:2081–2090. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Quigley HA: Glaucoma. Lancet. 377:1367–1377. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Heijl A, Leske MC, Bengtsson B, Hyman L, Bengtsson B and Hussein M: Reduction of intraocular pressure and glaucoma progression: Results from the early manifest glaucoma trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 120:1268–1279. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Lichter PR, Musch DC, Gillespie BW, Guire KE, Janz NK, Wren PA and Mills RP: CIGTS Study Group. Interim clinical outcomes in the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study comparing initial treatment randomized to medications or surgery. Ophthalmology. 108:1943–1953. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Leske MC, Heijl A, Hyman L, Bengtsson B and Komaroff E: Factors for progression and glaucoma treatment: The Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 15:102–106. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Comparison of glaucomatous progression between untreated patients with normal-tension glaucoma and patients with therapeutically reduced intraocular pressures. Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study Group. Am J Ophthalmol. 126:487–497. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Diekmann H and Fischer D: Glaucoma and optic nerve repair. Cell Tissue Res. 353:327–337. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Gauthier AC and Liu J: Neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in glaucoma. Yale J Biol Med. 89:73–79. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

9 

He S, Stankowska DL, Ellis DZ, Krishnamoorthy RR and Yorio T: Targets of neuroprotection in glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 34:85–106. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Wang Y, Lv J, Huang C, Li X, Chen Y, Wu W and Wu R: Human Umbilical Cord-mesenchymal stem cells survive and migrate within the vitreous cavity and ameliorate retinal damage in a novel rat model of chronic glaucoma. Stem Cells Int. 2021(8852517)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Büchi ER: Cell death in rat retina after pressure-induced ischaemia-reperfusion insult: Electron microscopic study. II. Outer nuclear layer. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 36:62–68. 1992.PubMed/NCBI

12 

Büchi ER: Cell death in the rat retina after a pressure-induced ischaemia-reperfusion insult: An electron microscopic study. I. Ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer. Exp Eye Res. 55:605–613. 1992.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Burgoyne CF, Downs JC, Bellezza AJ, Suh JK and Hart RT: The optic nerve head as a biomechanical structure: A new paradigm for understanding the role of IOP-related stress and strain in the pathophysiology of glaucomatous optic nerve head damage. Prog Retin Eye Res. 24:39–73. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Fechtner RD and Weinreb RN: Mechanisms of optic nerve damage in primary open angle glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol. 39:23–42. 1994.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Fahy ET, Chrysostomou V and Crowston JG: Mini-review: Impaired axonal transport and glaucoma. Curr Eye Res. 41:273–283. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Hartsock MJ, Cho H, Wu L, Chen WJ, Gong J and Duh EJ: A Mouse model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury through elevation of intraocular pressure. J Vis Exp. 54065:2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar : doi: 10.3791/54065.

17 

Osborne NN, Ugarte M, Chao M, Chidlow G, Bae JH, Wood JP and Nash MS: Neuroprotection in relation to retinal ischemia and relevance to glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol. 43 (Suppl 1):S102–S128. 1999.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Faiq MA, Wollstein G, Schuman JS and Chan KC: Cholinergic nervous system and glaucoma: From basic science to clinical applications. Prog Retin Eye Res. 72(100767)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Adornetto A, Russo R and Parisi V: Neuroinflammation as a target for glaucoma therapy. Neural Regen Res. 14:391–394. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Joly S, Lange C, Thiersch M, Samardzija M and Grimm C: Leukemia inhibitory factor extends the lifespan of injured photoreceptors in vivo. J Neurosci. 28:13765–13774. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Leibinger M, Müller A, Andreadaki A, Hauk TG, Kirsch M and Fischer D: Neuroprotective and axon growth-promoting effects following inflammatory stimulation on mature retinal ganglion cells in mice depend on ciliary neurotrophic factor and leukemia inhibitory factor. J Neurosci. 29:14334–14341. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Burdon T, Smith A and Savatier P: Signalling, cell cycle and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. Trends Cell Biol. 12:432–438. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Mathieu ME, Saucourt C, Mournetas V, Gauthereau X, Thézé N, Praloran V, Thiébaud P and Bœuf H: LIF-dependent signaling: New pieces in the Lego. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 8:1–15. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Peñuelas S, Anido J, Prieto-Sánchez RM, Folch G, Barba I, Cuartas I, García-Dorado D, Poca MA, Sahuquillo J, Baselga J and Seoane J: TGF-beta increases glioma-initiating cell self-renewal through the induction of LIF in human glioblastoma. Cancer Cell. 15:315–327. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Pera MF and Tam PP: Extrinsic regulation of pluripotent stem cells. Nature. 465:713–720. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Zeng X, Huang Z, Mao X, Wang J, Wu G and Qiao S: N-carbamylglutamate enhances pregnancy outcome in rats through activation of the PI3K/PKB/mTOR signaling pathway. PLoS One. 7(e41192)2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Zouein FA, Kurdi M and Booz GW: LIF and the heart: Just another brick in the wall? Eur Cytokine Netw. 24:11–19. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Rattner A and Nathans J: The genomic response to retinal disease and injury: Evidence for endothelin signaling from photoreceptors to glia. J Neurosci. 25:4540–4549. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Samardzija M, Wariwoda H, Imsand C, Huber P, Heynen SR, Gubler A and Grimm C: Activation of survival pathways in the degenerating retina of rd10 mice. Exp Eye Res. 99:17–26. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Samardzija M, Wenzel A, Aufenberg S, Thiersch M, Remé C and Grimm C: Differential role of Jak-STAT signaling in retinal degenerations. Faseb J. 20:2411–2413. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Schaeferhoff K, Michalakis S, Tanimoto N, Fischer MD, Becirovic E, Beck SC, Huber G, Rieger N, Riess O, Wissinger B, et al: Induction of STAT3-related genes in fast degenerating cone photoreceptors of cpfl1 mice. Cell Mol Life Sci. 67:3173–3186. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Agca C and Grimm C: Leukemia inhibitory factor signaling in degenerating retinas. Adv Exp Med Biol. 801:389–394. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Liu SC, Tsang NM, Chiang WC, Chang KP, Hsueh C, Liang Y, Juang JL, Chow KP and Chang YS: Leukemia inhibitory factor promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression and radioresistance. J Clin Invest. 123:5269–5283. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Chen H, Qu Y, Tang B, Xiong T and Mu D: Role of mammalian target of rapamycin in hypoxic or ischemic brain injury: Potential neuroprotection and limitations. Rev Neurosci. 23:279–287. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Hu Q, Huang C, Wang Y and Wu R: Expression of leukemia inhibitory factor in the rat retina following acute ocular hypertension. Mol Med Rep. 12:6577–6583. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Xu J, Li Y, Song S, Cepurna W, Morrison J and Wang RK: Evaluating changes of blood flow in retina, choroid, and outer choroid in rats in response to elevated intraocular pressure by 1300 nm swept-source OCT. Microvasc Res. 121:37–45. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Lafuente MP, Villegas-Pérez MP, Sellés-Navarro I, Mayor-Torroglosa S, Miralles de Imperial J and Vidal-Sanz M: Retinal ganglion cell death after acute retinal ischemia is an ongoing process whose severity and duration depends on the duration of the insult. Neuroscience. 109:157–168. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Liao XX, Chen D, Shi J, Sun YQ, Sun SJ, So KF and Fu QL: The expression patterns of Nogo-A, myelin associated glycoprotein and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein in the retina after ocular hypertension: The expression of myelin proteins in the retina in glaucoma. Neurochem Res. 36:1955–1961. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Ueki Y, Wang J, Chollangi S and Ash JD: STAT3 activation in photoreceptors by leukemia inhibitory factor is associated with protection from light damage. J Neurochem. 105:784–796. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Majumder A, Banerjee S, Harrill JA, Machacek DW, Mohamad O, Bacanamwo M, Mundy WR, Wei L, Dhara SK and Stice SL: Neurotrophic effects of leukemia inhibitory factor on neural cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells. 30:2387–2399. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Crowley LC and Waterhouse NJ: Detecting cleaved Caspase-3 in apoptotic cells by flow cytometry. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. (2016)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Soldani C and Scovassi AI: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 cleavage during apoptosis: An update. Apoptosis. 7:321–328. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Seki M and Lipton SA: Targeting excitotoxic/free radical signaling pathways for therapeutic intervention in glaucoma. Prog Brain Res. 173:495–510. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Lee HJ, Lee JO, Lee YW, Kim SA, Seo IH, Han JA, Kang MJ, Kim SJ, Cho YH, Park JJ, et al: LIF, a novel myokine, protects against amyloid-beta-induced neurotoxicity via akt-mediated autophagy signaling in hippocampal cells. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 22:402–414. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Bürgi S, Samardzija M and Grimm C: Endogenous leukemia inhibitory factor protects photoreceptor cells against light-induced degeneration. Mol Vis. 15:1631–1637. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

46 

Morgan-Warren PJ, Berry M, Ahmed Z, Scott RA and Logan A: Exploiting mTOR signaling: A novel translatable treatment strategy for traumatic optic neuropathy? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 54:6903–6916. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lv J, Gao R, Wang Y, Huang C and Wu R: Protective effect of leukemia inhibitory factor on the retinal injury induced by acute ocular hypertension in rats. Exp Ther Med 25: 19, 2023.
APA
Lv, J., Gao, R., Wang, Y., Huang, C., & Wu, R. (2023). Protective effect of leukemia inhibitory factor on the retinal injury induced by acute ocular hypertension in rats. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 25, 19. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11717
MLA
Lv, J., Gao, R., Wang, Y., Huang, C., Wu, R."Protective effect of leukemia inhibitory factor on the retinal injury induced by acute ocular hypertension in rats". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 25.1 (2023): 19.
Chicago
Lv, J., Gao, R., Wang, Y., Huang, C., Wu, R."Protective effect of leukemia inhibitory factor on the retinal injury induced by acute ocular hypertension in rats". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 25, no. 1 (2023): 19. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11717
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lv J, Gao R, Wang Y, Huang C and Wu R: Protective effect of leukemia inhibitory factor on the retinal injury induced by acute ocular hypertension in rats. Exp Ther Med 25: 19, 2023.
APA
Lv, J., Gao, R., Wang, Y., Huang, C., & Wu, R. (2023). Protective effect of leukemia inhibitory factor on the retinal injury induced by acute ocular hypertension in rats. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 25, 19. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11717
MLA
Lv, J., Gao, R., Wang, Y., Huang, C., Wu, R."Protective effect of leukemia inhibitory factor on the retinal injury induced by acute ocular hypertension in rats". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 25.1 (2023): 19.
Chicago
Lv, J., Gao, R., Wang, Y., Huang, C., Wu, R."Protective effect of leukemia inhibitory factor on the retinal injury induced by acute ocular hypertension in rats". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 25, no. 1 (2023): 19. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2022.11717
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team