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Inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation by Solanum nigrum by suppressing adipogenesis and inducing lipolysis, thermogenesis and autophagy in 3T3‑L1 cells

  • Authors:
    • Jeong Won Choi
    • Hyeok Jin Choi
    • Gwang Hyeon Ryu
    • Jae Won Lee
    • Jin Boo Jeong
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Forest Science, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk‑do 36729, Republic of Korea
    Copyright: © Choi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 333
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    Published online on: May 19, 2023
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12032
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Abstract

It has been reported that Solanum nigrum exhibits anti‑obesity effects in animal models induced by a high‑fat diet. However, research on how Solanum nigrum exerts its anti‑obesity effects is currently limited. Thus, the present study focused on identifying the mechanism of action associated with the anti‑obesity activity of Solanum nigrum aerial part (SNAP), which significantly inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets in differentiating 3T3‑L1 cells. Intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3‑L1 cells was analyzed by Oil‑Red O staining and glycerol content was analyzed using an ELISA kit. In addition, changes in protein expression within 3T3‑L1 cells were analyzed using western blot analysis. It decreased the expression level of adipogenic proteins such as CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein α, Peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ, fatty acid binding protein 4, and adiponectin. In addition, SNAP increased the expression levels of lipolytic proteins, such as adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone‑sensitive lipase, while decreasing perilipin‑1. The treatment of fully differentiated 3T3‑L1 cells increased the free glycerol levels. SNAP treatment resulted in increased AMP‑activated protein kinase phosphorylation and the expression levels of thermogenic proteins (peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor‑γ coactivator 1‑α, PR domain containing 16 and uncoupling protein 1) and an autophagic protein (LC3‑II). Overall, these results suggested that SNAP inhibited lipid droplet accumulation by suppressing adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis, thermogenesis and autophagy.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Choi JW, Choi HJ, Ryu GH, Lee JW and Jeong JB: Inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation by <em>Solanum nigrum</em> by suppressing adipogenesis and inducing lipolysis, thermogenesis and autophagy in 3T3‑L1 cells. Exp Ther Med 26: 333, 2023.
APA
Choi, J.W., Choi, H.J., Ryu, G.H., Lee, J.W., & Jeong, J.B. (2023). Inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation by <em>Solanum nigrum</em> by suppressing adipogenesis and inducing lipolysis, thermogenesis and autophagy in 3T3‑L1 cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 26, 333. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12032
MLA
Choi, J. W., Choi, H. J., Ryu, G. H., Lee, J. W., Jeong, J. B."Inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation by <em>Solanum nigrum</em> by suppressing adipogenesis and inducing lipolysis, thermogenesis and autophagy in 3T3‑L1 cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26.1 (2023): 333.
Chicago
Choi, J. W., Choi, H. J., Ryu, G. H., Lee, J. W., Jeong, J. B."Inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation by <em>Solanum nigrum</em> by suppressing adipogenesis and inducing lipolysis, thermogenesis and autophagy in 3T3‑L1 cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26, no. 1 (2023): 333. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12032
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Choi JW, Choi HJ, Ryu GH, Lee JW and Jeong JB: Inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation by <em>Solanum nigrum</em> by suppressing adipogenesis and inducing lipolysis, thermogenesis and autophagy in 3T3‑L1 cells. Exp Ther Med 26: 333, 2023.
APA
Choi, J.W., Choi, H.J., Ryu, G.H., Lee, J.W., & Jeong, J.B. (2023). Inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation by <em>Solanum nigrum</em> by suppressing adipogenesis and inducing lipolysis, thermogenesis and autophagy in 3T3‑L1 cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 26, 333. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12032
MLA
Choi, J. W., Choi, H. J., Ryu, G. H., Lee, J. W., Jeong, J. B."Inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation by <em>Solanum nigrum</em> by suppressing adipogenesis and inducing lipolysis, thermogenesis and autophagy in 3T3‑L1 cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26.1 (2023): 333.
Chicago
Choi, J. W., Choi, H. J., Ryu, G. H., Lee, J. W., Jeong, J. B."Inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation by <em>Solanum nigrum</em> by suppressing adipogenesis and inducing lipolysis, thermogenesis and autophagy in 3T3‑L1 cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26, no. 1 (2023): 333. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12032
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