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Article

Association between anemia and the risk and outcomes of diabetic foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

  • Authors:
    • Jing Li
    • Zhou Zhang
    • Jilin Wei
    • Ying Li
    • Cheng Cheng
    • Shaogang Ma
    • Manli Guo
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China, Translational Medical Research Centre, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The People's Hospital of Laibin, Laibin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 546100, P.R. China, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of XuZhou Medical University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
  • Article Number: 384
    |
    Published online on: June 28, 2023
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12083
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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to explore the association between anemia and the risks and outcomes of diabetic foot (DF) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 145 patients with T2DM were recruited between January and December 2021 and divided into the DF and non‑DF groups according to whether they were diagnosed with DF. Individual patient data were extracted and blood samples were evaluated in a biochemical center for routine biochemical and blood‑related indicators. The patients' survival rates were followed up until December 2022. An independent‑samples t‑test and χ2 test were used to compare the differences between the two groups. The association between the various clinical indicators for the DF and non‑DF groups was evaluated using single‑factor binary logistic regression analysis. Multi‑factor binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between hemoglobin (Hb) and the risk for DF. A Kaplan‑Meier survival curve was used to analyze the impact of anemia and DF on the 1‑year survival rate. The diabetes duration, number of patients who smoked and consumed alcohol, and serum creatinine and C‑reactive protein levels in the DF group were significantly higher than those in the non‑DF group (P<0.05). By contrast, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and Hb, albumin (Alb) and total cholesterol levels, were lower in the DF group when compared with those in the non‑DF group (P<0.05). All of the study participants were divided into two groups, according to their baseline eGFR [eGFR ≥90 or <90 ml/(min x 1.73 m²)]. It was found that, independently of renal function, lower Hb and Alb levels were associated with a higher incidence of DF. The 1‑year survival rate for DF with anemia was significantly lower when compared with that in patients with DF without anemia (P<0.05). In conclusion, the Hb level in patients with T2DM is a protective factor against DF and anemia is an independent risk factor for DF. The present study suggested that anemia is associated with a decrease in the survival rate of patients with DF. This finding provided a theoretical basis for the clinical correction of anemia and improvement of DF prognosis (clinical trial no. 20220003).
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Li J, Zhang Z, Wei J, Li Y, Cheng C, Ma S and Guo M: Association between anemia and the risk and outcomes of diabetic foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Ther Med 26: 384, 2023.
APA
Li, J., Zhang, Z., Wei, J., Li, Y., Cheng, C., Ma, S., & Guo, M. (2023). Association between anemia and the risk and outcomes of diabetic foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 26, 384. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12083
MLA
Li, J., Zhang, Z., Wei, J., Li, Y., Cheng, C., Ma, S., Guo, M."Association between anemia and the risk and outcomes of diabetic foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26.2 (2023): 384.
Chicago
Li, J., Zhang, Z., Wei, J., Li, Y., Cheng, C., Ma, S., Guo, M."Association between anemia and the risk and outcomes of diabetic foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26, no. 2 (2023): 384. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12083
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li J, Zhang Z, Wei J, Li Y, Cheng C, Ma S and Guo M: Association between anemia and the risk and outcomes of diabetic foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Ther Med 26: 384, 2023.
APA
Li, J., Zhang, Z., Wei, J., Li, Y., Cheng, C., Ma, S., & Guo, M. (2023). Association between anemia and the risk and outcomes of diabetic foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 26, 384. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12083
MLA
Li, J., Zhang, Z., Wei, J., Li, Y., Cheng, C., Ma, S., Guo, M."Association between anemia and the risk and outcomes of diabetic foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26.2 (2023): 384.
Chicago
Li, J., Zhang, Z., Wei, J., Li, Y., Cheng, C., Ma, S., Guo, M."Association between anemia and the risk and outcomes of diabetic foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26, no. 2 (2023): 384. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12083
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