|
1
|
Vakil N, van Zanten SV, Kahrilas P, Dent J
and Jones R: Global Consensus Group. The Montreal definition and
classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A global
evidence-based consensus. Am J Gastroenterol. 101:1900–1920, 1943.
2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
2
|
Dent J, El-Serag HB, Wallander MA and
Johansson S: Epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: A
systematic review. Gut. 54:710–717. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
3
|
Suzuki K, Suzuki K, Koizumi K, Takada H,
Nishiki R, Ichimura H, Oka S and Kuwayama H: Effect of symptomatic
gastroesophageal reflux disease on quality of life of patients with
chronic liver disease. Hepatol Res. 38:335–339. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
4
|
Cappell MS: Clinical presentation,
diagnosis, and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Med
Clin North Am. 89:243–291. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
5
|
Zhang J, Cui PL, Lv D, Yao SW, Xu YQ and
Yang ZX: Gastroesophageal reflux in cirrhotic patients without
esophageal varices. World J Gastroenterol. 17:1753–1758.
2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
6
|
Li B, Zhang B, Ma JW, Li P, Li L, Song YM
and Ding HG: High prevalence of reflux esophagitis among upper
endoscopies in Chinese patients with chronic liver diseases. BMC
Gastroenterol. 10(54)2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
7
|
Hassanin TM, Foaud Y, Mohamed H, Saad Z,
Elsayed A, Refaei S and Soliman W: Prevalence and risk factors of
endoscopically confirmed gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in
patients with liver cirrhosis. Egypt Liver J. 11(27)2021.
|
|
8
|
Wangrattanapranee P, Khrucharoen U, Jensen
DM, Wongpongsalee T and Jensen ME: Severe Upper Gastrointestinal
Hemorrhage Caused by Reflux Esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci. 67:159–169.
2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
9
|
Wuerth BA and Rockey DC: Changing
epidemiology of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the last
decade: A Nationwide Analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 63:1286–1293.
2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
10
|
Kim JJ, Sheibani S, Park S, Buxbaum J and
Laine L: Causes of bleeding and outcomes in patients hospitalized
with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. J Clin Gastroenterol.
48:113–118. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
11
|
Eusebi LH, Ratnakumaran R, Yuan Y,
Solaymani-Dodaran M, Bazzoli F and Ford AC: Global prevalence of,
and risk factors for, gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms: A
meta-analysis. Gut. 67:430–440. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
12
|
Wong BCY and Kinoshita Y: Systematic
review on epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Asia.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 4:398–407. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
13
|
Zhang D, Liu S, Li Z and Wang R: Global,
regional and national burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease,
1990-2019: Update from the GBD 2019 study. Ann Med. 54:1372–1384.
2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
14
|
Corley DA and Kubo A: Body mass index and
gastroesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review and
meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 101:2619–2628. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
15
|
Taraszewska A: Risk factors for
gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms related to lifestyle and
diet. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 72:21–28. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
16
|
Liu Z, Wei L and Ding H: Clinical
characteristics of reflux esophagitis among patients with liver
cirrhosis: A case-control study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 57:384–391.
2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
17
|
Minatsuki C, Yamamichi N, Shimamoto T,
Kakimoto H, Takahashi Y, Fujishiro M, Sakaguchi Y, Nakayama C,
Konno-Shimizu M, Matsuda R, et al: Background factors of reflux
esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease: A cross-sectional study
of 10,837 subjects in Japan. PLoS One. 8(e69891)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
18
|
Bor S, Bor-Caymaz C, Tobey NA,
Abdulnour-Nakhoul S and Orlando RC: Esophageal exposure to ethanol
increases risk of acid damage in rabbit esophagus. Dig Dis Sci.
44:290–300. 1999.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
19
|
Mikami DJ and Murayama KM: Physiology and
pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Surg Clin North
Am. 95:515–525. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
20
|
Iwakiri K, Hayashi Y, Kotoyori M, Tanaka
Y, Kawakami A, Sakamoto C and Holloway RH: Transient lower
esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs) are the major mechanism
of gastroesophageal reflux but are not the cause of reflux disease.
Dig Dis Sci. 50:1072–1077. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
21
|
Bhatia SJ, Narawane NM, Shalia KK, Mistry
FP, Sheth MD, Abraham P and Dherai AJ: Effect of tense ascites on
esophageal body motility and lower esophageal sphincter pressure.
Indian J Gastroenterol. 18:63–65. 1999.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
22
|
Mittal RK and McCallum RW: Characteristics
and frequency of transient relaxations of the lower esophageal
sphincter in patients with reflux esophagitis. Gastroenterology.
95:593–599. 1988.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
23
|
Simpson JA and Conn HO: Role of ascites in
gastroesophageal reflux with comments on the pathogenesis of
bleeding esophageal varices. Gastroenterology. 55:17–25.
1968.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
24
|
Polish E and Sullivan BH: Esophagitis
associated with hemorrhage from esophageal varices. Ann Intern Med.
54:908–911. 1961.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
25
|
Nebel OT: Lower esophageal sphincter
function in cirrhosis. Am J Dig Dis. 22:1101–1105. 1977.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
26
|
Navarro-Rodriguez T, Hashimoto CL,
Carrilho FJ, Strauss E, Laudanna AA and Moraes-Filho JPP: Reduction
of abdominal pressure in patients with ascites reduces
gastroesophageal reflux. Dis Esophagus. 16:77–82. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
27
|
Mittal RK and Balaban DH: The
esophagogastric junction. N Engl J Med. 336:924–932.
1997.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
28
|
Schechter RB, Lemme EMO and Coelho HSM:
Gastroesophageal reflux in cirrhotic patients with esophageal
varices without endoscopic treatment. Arq Gastroenterol.
44:145–150. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
29
|
Souza RC and Lima JHC: Helicobacter pylori
and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A review of this intriguing
relationship. Dis Esophagus. 22:256–263. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
30
|
Abraldes JG, Iwakiri Y, Loureiro-Silva M,
Haq O, Sessa WC and Groszmann RJ: Mild increases in portal pressure
upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial
nitric oxide synthase in the intestinal microcirculatory bed,
leading to a hyperdynamic state. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver
Physiol. 290:G980–G987. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
31
|
Fernandez M, Mejias M, Angermayr B,
Garcia-Pagan JC, Rodés J and Bosch J: Inhibition of VEGF receptor-2
decreases the development of hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation
and portal-systemic collateral vessels in portal hypertensive rats.
J Hepatol. 43:98–103. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
32
|
Tsai MH, Iwakiri Y, Cadelina G, Sessa WC
and Groszmann RJ: Mesenteric vasoconstriction triggers nitric oxide
overproduction in the superior mesenteric artery of portal
hypertensive rats. Gastroenterology. 125:1452–1461. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
33
|
Iwakiri Y and Kim MY: Nitric oxide in
liver diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 36:524–536. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
34
|
Hirsch DP, Holloway RH, Tytgat GN and
Boeckxstaens GE: Involvement of nitric oxide in human transient
lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and esophageal primary
peristalsis. Gastroenterology. 115:1374–1380. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
35
|
Hirsch DP, Tiel-Van Buul MM, Tytgat GN and
Boeckxstaens GE: Effect of L-NMMA on postprandial transient lower
esophageal sphincter relaxations in healthy volunteers. Dig Dis
Sci. 45:2069–2075. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
36
|
Fortune B and Cardenas A: Ascites,
refractory ascites and hyponatremia in cirrhosis. Gastroenterol Rep
(Oxf). 5:104–112. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
37
|
Vanderstappen G and Texter EC Jr: Response
of the physiologic gastroesophageal sphincter to increased
intra-abdominal pressure. J Clin Invest. 43:1856–1868.
1964.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
38
|
Mittal RK, Fisher M, McCallum RW,
Rochester DF, Dent J and Sluss J: Human lower esophageal sphincter
pressure response to increased intra-abdominal pressure. Am J
Physiol. 258:G624–G630. 1990.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
39
|
van Herwaarden MA, Samsom M and Smout
AJPM: The role of hiatus hernia in gastro-oesophageal reflux
disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 16:831–835. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
40
|
Sloan S and Kahrilas PJ: Impairment of
esophageal emptying with hiatal hernia. Gastroenterology.
100:596–605. 1991.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
41
|
Iwakiri Y, Tsai MH, McCabe TJ, Gratton JP,
Fulton D, Groszmann RJ and Sessa WC: Phosphorylation of eNOS
initiates excessive NO production in early phases of portal
hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 282:H2084–H2090.
2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
42
|
Battista S, Bar F, Mengozzi G, Zanon E,
Grosso M and Molino G: Hyperdynamic circulation in patients with
cirrhosis: Direct measurement of nitric oxide levels in hepatic and
portal veins. J Hepatol. 26:75–80. 1997.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
43
|
Delclaux C, Mahut B, Zerah-Lancner F,
Delacourt C, Laoud S, Cherqui D, Duvoux C, Mallat A and Harf A:
Increased nitric oxide output from alveolar origin during liver
cirrhosis versus bronchial source during asthma. Am J Respir Crit
Care Med. 165:332–337. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
44
|
Asano K, Chee CB, Gaston B, Lilly CM,
Gerard C, Drazen JM and Stamler JS: Constitutive and inducible
nitric oxide synthase gene expression, regulation, and activity in
human lung epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.
91:10089–10093. 1994.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
45
|
Iwakiri Y: Pathophysiology of portal
hypertension. Clin Liver Dis. 18:281–291. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
46
|
Huang X, Thansamay S, Yang K, Luo T and
Chen S: Measurement of exhaled nitric oxide in cirrhotic patients
with esophageal and gastric varices. Biomed Res Int.
2019(9673162)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
47
|
Matsumoto A, Ogura K, Hirata Y, Kakoki M,
Watanabe F, Takenaka K, Shiratori Y, Momomura S and Omata M:
Increased nitric oxide in the exhaled air of patients with
decompensated liver cirrhosis. Ann Intern Med. 123:110–113.
1995.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
48
|
Chen Y, Ji F, Guo J, Shi D, Fang D and Li
L: Dysbiosis of small intestinal microbiota in liver cirrhosis and
its association with etiology. Sci Rep. 6(34055)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
49
|
Kang DJ, Betrapally NS, Ghosh SA, Sartor
RB, Hylemon PB, Gillevet PM, Sanyal AJ, Heuman DM, Carl D, Zhou H,
et al: Gut microbiota drive the development of neuroinflammatory
response in cirrhosis in mice. Hepatology. 64:1232–1248.
2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
50
|
Zhang Z, Zhai H, Geng J, Yu R, Ren H, Fan
H and Shi P: Large-scale survey of gut microbiota associated with
MHE via 16S rRNA-based pyrosequencing. Am J Gastroenterol.
108:1601–1611. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
51
|
Rao VLR: Nitric oxide in hepatic
encephalopathy and hyperammonemia. Neurochem Int. 41:161–170.
2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
52
|
Swamy M, Zakaria AZ, Govindasamy C,
Sirajudeen KNS and Nadiger HA: Effects of acute ammonia toxicity on
nitric oxide (NO), citrulline-NO cycle enzymes, arginase and
related metabolites in different regions of rat brain. Neurosci
Res. 53:116–122. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
53
|
Abu-Amara M, Yang SY, Seifalian A,
Davidson B and Fuller B: The nitric oxide pathway-evidence and
mechanisms for protection against liver ischaemia reperfusion
injury. Liver Int. 32:531–543. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
54
|
La Mura V, Pasarín M, Rodriguez-Vilarrupla
A, García-Pagán JC, Bosch J and Abraldes JG: Liver sinusoidal
endothelial dysfunction after LPS administration: A role for
inducible-nitric oxide synthase. J Hepatol. 61:1321–1327.
2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
55
|
Carnovale CE and Ronco MT: Role of nitric
oxide in liver regeneration. Ann Hepatol. 11:636–647.
2012.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
56
|
Fujita K, Nozaki Y, Yoneda M, Wada K,
Takahashi H, Kirikoshi H, Inamori M, Saito S, Iwasaki T, Terauchi
Y, et al: Nitric oxide plays a crucial role in the
development/progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the
choline-deficient, l-amino acid-defined diet-fed rat model. Alcohol
Clin Exp Res. 34 (Suppl 1):S18–S24. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
57
|
Langer DA, Das A, Semela D, Kang-Decker N,
Hendrickson H, Bronk SF, Katusic ZS, Gores GJ and Shah VH: Nitric
oxide promotes caspase-independent hepatic stellate cell apoptosis
through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Hepatology.
47:1983–1993. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
58
|
Xie G, Wang X, Wang L, Wang L, Atkinson
RD, Kanel GC, Gaarde WA and Deleve LD: Role of differentiation of
liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in progression and regression of
hepatic fibrosis in rats. Gastroenterology. 142:918–927.e6.
2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
59
|
Boulant J, Fioramonti J, Dapoigny M,
Bommelaer G and Bueno L: Cholecystokinin and nitric oxide in
transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation to gastric
distention in dogs. Gastroenterology. 107:1059–1066.
1994.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
60
|
Kuiken SD, Vergeer M, Heisterkamp SH,
Tytgat GNJ and Boeckxstaens GEE: Role of nitric oxide in gastric
motor and sensory functions in healthy subjects. Gut. 51:212–218.
2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
61
|
Russo A, Fraser R, Adachi K, Horowitz M
and Boeckxstaens G: Evidence that nitric oxide mechanisms regulate
small intestinal motility in humans. Gut. 44:72–76. 1999.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
62
|
Nam SY: Obesity-Related digestive diseases
and their pathophysiology. Gut Liver. 11:323–334. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
63
|
Lee YC, Yen AM, Tai JJ, Chang SH, Lin JT,
Chiu HM, Wang HP, Wu MS and Chen TH: The effect of metabolic risk
factors on the natural course of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Gut. 58:174–181. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
64
|
Wong GL, Wong VW, Choi PC, Chan AW, Chim
AM, Yiu KK, Chan HY, Chan FK, Sung JJ and Chan HL: Metabolic
syndrome increases the risk of liver cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis
B. Gut. 58:111–117. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
65
|
Săftoiu A, Cazacu S, Kruse A, Georgescu C,
Comănescu V and Ciurea T: Acute esophageal necrosis associated with
alcoholic hepatitis: Is it black or is it white? Endoscopy.
37:268–271. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
66
|
Hsu CS, Wang CC, Wang PC, Lin HH, Tseng
TC, Chen CH, Su WC, Liu CJ, Chen CL, Lai MY, et al: Increased
incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with
chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatol Int. 4:585–593.
2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
67
|
Ahmed AM, al Karawi MA, Shariq S and
Mohamed AE: Frequency of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with
liver cirrhosis. Hepatogastroenterology. 40:478–480.
1993.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
68
|
Sakaguchi M, Manabe N, Ueki N, Miwa J,
Inaba T, Yoshida N, Sakurai K, Nakagawa M, Yamada H, Saito M, et
al: Factors associated with complicated erosive esophagitis: A
Japanese multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study. World J
Gastroenterol. 23:318–327. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
69
|
Costa ND, Cadiot G, Merle C, Jolly D,
Bouche O, Thiéfin G and Zeitoun P: Bleeding reflux esophagitis: A
prospective 1-year study in a university hospital. Am J
Gastroenterol. 96:47–51. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
70
|
El-Serag HB, Sweet S, Winchester CC and
Dent J: Update on the epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux
disease: A systematic review. Gut. 63:871–880. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
71
|
Vakil N, van Zanten SV, Kahrilas P, Dent J
and Jones R: Global Consensus Group. The Montreal definition and
classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A global
evidence-based consensus. Am J Gastroenterol. 101:1900–1920.
2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
72
|
Törnblom H, Tsoposidis A, Wallenius V,
Kostic S, Axelsson H, Lundell L, Håkanson B, Simrén M and Thorell
A: Management of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease can
be optimized. Lakartidningen. 119(21177)2022.PubMed/NCBI(In Swedish).
|
|
73
|
Spechler SJ: Proton Pump Inhibitors: What
the Internist Needs to Know. Med Clin North Am. 103:1–14.
2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
74
|
Alhumaid S, Al Mutair A, Al Alawi Z, Zaidi
ARZ, Rabaan AA, Elhazmi A and Al-Omari A: Proton Pump inhibitors
use and risk of developing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in
cirrhotic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut
Pathog. 13(17)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
75
|
Zhang M, Liu W, Xu X, Chen T and Qi JY:
Association between Proton pump inhibitor therapy and spontaneous
bacterial peritonitis occurrence in cirrhotic patients: A clinical
review. Curr Med Sci. 42:673–680. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
76
|
Dahabra L, Kreidieh M, Abureesh M, Abou
Yassine A and Deeb L: Proton Pump inhibitors use and increased risk
of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients: A
retrospective cohort analysis. Gastroenterology Res. 15:180–187.
2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
77
|
Shaikh BA, Shaikh ZA, Shah AH and Kumar A:
Determining the Risk of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis due to
increase use of Proton Pump Inhibitors among cirrhotic patients
with ascites. Pak J Med Sci. 37:1075–1079. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
78
|
Spechler SJ, Hunter JG, Jones KM, Lee R,
Smith BR, Mashimo H, Sanchez VM, Dunbar KB, Pham TH, Murthy UK, et
al: Randomized trial of medical versus surgical treatment for
refractory heartburn. N Engl J Med. 381:1513–1523. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
79
|
Roark R, Sydor M, Chatila AT, Umar S,
Guerra RDL, Bilal M and Guturu P: Management of gastroesophageal
reflux disease. Dis Mon. 66(100849)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
80
|
Holster IL, Tjwa ET, Moelker A, Wils A,
Hansen BE, Vermeijden JR, Scholten P, van Hoek B, Nicolai JJ,
Kuipers EJ, et al: Covered transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic
shunt versus endoscopic therapy + β-blocker for prevention of
variceal rebleeding. Hepatology. 63:581–589. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
81
|
D'Amico G, Pagliaro L and Bosch J: The
treatment of portal hypertension: A meta-analytic review.
Hepatology. 22:332–354. 1995.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
82
|
Laine L and Cook D: Endoscopic ligation
compared with sclerotherapy for treatment of esophageal variceal
bleeding. A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 123:280–287.
1995.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
83
|
Viazis N, Armonis A, Vlachogiannakos J,
Rekoumis G, Stefanidis G, Papadimitriou N, Manolakopoulos S and
Avgerinos A: Effects of endoscopic variceal treatment on
oesophageal function: A prospective, randomized study. Eur J
Gastroenterol Hepatol. 14:263–269. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
84
|
Berner JS, Gaing AA, Sharma R, Almenoff
PL, Muhlfelder T and Korsten MA: Sequelae after esophageal variceal
ligation and sclerotherapy: A prospective randomized study. Am J
Gastroenterol. 89:852–858. 1994.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
85
|
Hou MC, Yen TC, Lin HC, Kuo BI, Chen CH,
Lee FY, Liu RS, Chang FY and Lee SD: Sequential changes of
esophageal motility after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy or
variceal ligation for esophageal variceal bleeding: A scintigraphic
study. Am J Gastroenterol. 92:1875–1878. 1997.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
86
|
Cremers I and Ribeiro S: Management of
variceal and nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in
patients with cirrhosis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 7:206–216.
2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
87
|
Mishin I and Dolghii A: Early spontaneous
slippage of rubber bands with fatal bleeding: A rare complication
of endoscopic variceal ligation. Endoscopy. 37:275–276.
2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
88
|
Toyoda H, Fukuda Y, Katano Y, Ebata M,
Nagano K, Morita K, Yokozaki S, Takeuchi M and Hayakawa T: Fatal
bleeding from a residual vein at the esophageal ulcer base after
successful endoscopic variceal ligation. J Clin Gastroenterol.
32:158–160. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
89
|
Lo EA, Wilby KJ and Ensom MH: Use of
proton Pump inhibitors in the management of gastroesophageal
varices: A systematic review. Ann Pharmacother. 49:207–219.
2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
90
|
Boo GB, Oh JC, Lee BJ, Lee DM, Kim YD,
Park CG and Kim MW: The effect of proton pump inhibitor on healing
of post-esophageal variceal ligation ulcers. Korean J
Gastroenterol. 51:232–240. 2008.PubMed/NCBI(In Korean).
|
|
91
|
Lin L, Cui B, Deng Y, Jiang X, Liu W and
Sun C: The efficacy of proton pump inhibitor in cirrhotics with
variceal bleeding: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Digestion.
102:117–127. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
92
|
Kang SH, Yim HJ, Kim SY, Suh SJ, Hyun JJ,
Jung SW, Jung YK, Koo JS and Lee SW: Proton pump inhibitor therapy
is associated with reduction of early bleeding risk after
prophylactic endoscopic variceal band ligation: A retrospective
cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 95(e2903)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
93
|
Hidaka H, Nakazawa T, Wang G, Kokubu S,
Minamino T, Takada J, Tanaka Y, Okuwaki Y, Watanabe M, Tanabe S, et
al: Long-term administration of PPI reduces treatment failures
after esophageal variceal band ligation: A randomized, controlled
trial. J Gastroenterol. 47:118–126. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
94
|
Fasullo M, Rau P, Liu DQ, Holzwanger E,
Mathew JP, Guilarte-Walker Y and Szabo G: Proton pump inhibitors
increase the severity of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic
patients. World J Hepatol. 11:522–530. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
95
|
Thjodleifsson B: Treatment of acid-related
diseases in the elderly with emphasis on the use of proton pump
inhibitors. Drugs Aging. 19:911–927. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
96
|
Ishizaki T and Horai Y: Review article:
Cytochrome P450 and the metabolism of proton pump
inhibitors-emphasis on rabeprazole. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 13
(Suppl 3):S27–S36. 1999.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
97
|
Lind T, Rydberg L, Kylebäck A, Jonsson A,
Andersson T, Hasselgren G, Holmberg J and Röhss K: Esomeprazole
provides improved acid control vs. omeprazole in patients with
symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol
Ther. 14:861–867. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
98
|
Williams MP, Sercombe J, Hamilton MI and
Pounder RE: A placebo-controlled trial to assess the effects of 8
days of dosing with rabeprazole versus omeprazole on 24-h
intragastric acidity and plasma gastrin concentrations in young
healthy male subjects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 12:1079–1089.
1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
99
|
Liu Q, Duan ZP, Ha DK, Bengmark S,
Kurtovic J and Riordan SM: Synbiotic modulation of gut flora:
Effect on minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with
cirrhosis. Hepatology. 39:1441–1449. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
100
|
Prasad S, Dhiman RK, Duseja A, Chawla YK,
Sharma A and Agarwal R: Lactulose improves cognitive functions and
health-related quality of life in patients with cirrhosis who have
minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology. 45:549–559.
2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
101
|
Shukla S, Shukla A, Mehboob S and Guha S:
Meta-analysis: The effects of gut flora modulation using
prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics on minimal hepatic
encephalopathy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 33:662–671. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
102
|
Chapelle N, Ben Ghezala I, Barkun A and
Bardou M: The pharmacotherapeutic management of gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD). Expert Opin Pharmacother. 22:219–227.
2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
|
