Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
December-2023 Volume 26 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2023 Volume 26 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

CD138 promotes the accumulation and activation of autoreactive T cells in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice

  • Authors:
    • Tianhong Xie
    • Xin Liu
    • Ping Li
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Xie et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 568
    |
    Published online on: October 24, 2023
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12267
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Autoreactive T cells, specifically CD138+ (syndecan‑1) T cells produced in Fas‑deficient systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) mouse models, were shown to significantly promote the generation of autoantibodies. In the present study, Murphy Roths Large lymphoproliferative (MRL/lpr) lupus mice were used to investigate the role of CD138 protein expression in T cells in the progression of SLE. Measurement of flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and Luminex were performed to determine the effect of CD138 on T cells in MRL/lpr mice. The results demonstrate that CD138+ T cells induce apoptosis via a Fas‑dependent pathway. CD138 protein expression in T cells of MRL/lpr mice significantly reduced T cell apoptosis and contributed to the accumulation of T cells and double negative (DN) T cells, whilst simultaneously promoting T cell activation in Fas‑deficient lupus mice. CD138 protein expression in DN T cells also significantly increased the protein expression of Fas ligand to enhance the cytotoxicity of DN T cells. Furthermore, phorbol 12‑myristate 13‑acetate and ionomycin (PI) stimulation reduced CD138 protein expression in CD3+ T cells and prevented CD138+ T cell accumulation by inducing specific apoptosis. PI stimulation also activated T cells in MRL/lpr mice to increase CD69 protein expression. CD69 protein expression in CD138+ T cells significantly increased the frequency of apoptotic CD138+ T cells. In addition, results from the present study demonstrated that CD138‑ T cells of MRL/lpr lupus mice had an activation defect. CD138 protein expression in T cells significantly reversed the defective activation and activating T cells could significantly reduce CD138 protein expression in CD3+ T cells of MRL/lpr mice. This suggests that CD138 protein expression in CD3+CD138‑ T cells of MRL/lpr mice may be a consequence of the impaired activation in autoreactive T cells prior to exposure to self‑antigens by the immune system. CD138 expression in autoreactive T cells has a central role in promoting the progression and development of autoimmune response in MRL/lpr mice.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Lisnevskaia L, Murphy G and Isenberg D: Systemic lupus erythematosus. Lancet. 384:1878–1888. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Zharkova O, Celhar T, Cravens PD, Satterthwaite AB, Fairhurst AM and Davis LS: Pathways leading to an immunological disease: Systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford). 56 (Suppl 1):i55–i66. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

You M, Dong G, Li F, Ma F, Ren J, Xu Y, Yue H, Tang R, Ren D and Hou Y: Ligation of CD180 inhibits IFN-α signaling in a Lyn-PI3K-BTK-dependent manner in B cells. Cell Mol Immunol. 14:192–202. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Dörner T, Giesecke C and Lipsky PE: Mechanisms of B cell autoimmunity in SLE. Arthritis Res Ther. 13(243)2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Kotzin BL: Systemic lupus erythematosus. Cell. 85:303–306. 1996.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Alexander JJ, Jacob A, Chang A, Quigg RJ and Jarvis JN: Double negative T cells, a potential biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus. Precis Clin Med. 3:34–43. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Chesnutt MS, Finck BK, Killeen N, Connolly MK, Goodman H and Wofsy D: Enhanced lymphoproliferation and diminished autoimmunity in CD4-deficient MRL/lpr mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 87:23–32. 1998.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Nagasu A, Mukai T, Iseki M, Kawahara K, Tsuji S, Nagasu H, Ueki Y, Ishihara K, Kashihara N and Morita Y: Sh3bp2 gain-of-function mutation ameliorates lupus phenotypes in B6.MRL-Faslpr mice. Cells. 8(402)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Lu LD, Stump KL, Wallace NH, Dobrzanski P, Serdikoff C, Gingrich DE, Dugan BJ, Angeles TS, Albom MS, Mason JL, et al: Depletion of autoreactive plasma cells and treatment of lupus nephritis in mice using CEP-33779, a novel, orally active, selective inhibitor of JAK2. J Immunol. 187:3840–3853. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Calame KL: Plasma cells: Finding new light at the end of B cell development. Nat Immunol. 2:1103–1108. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Pan Z, Chen M, Zhang Q, Wang E, Yin L, Xu Y, Huang Q, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Zheng G and Yuan J: CD3-positive plasmablastic B-cell neoplasms: A diagnostic pitfall. Mod Pathol. 31:718–731. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Liu L, Takeda K and Akkoyunlu M: Disease stage-specific pathogenicity of CD138 (Syndecan 1)-expressing T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol. 11(1569)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Seagal J, Leider N, Wildbaum G, Karin N and Melamed D: Increased plasma cell frequency and accumulation of abnormal syndecan-1plus T-cells in Igmu-deficient/lpr mice. Int Immunol. 15:1045–1052. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Mohamood AS, Bargatze D, Xiao Z, Jie C, Yagita H, Ruben D, Watson J, Chakravarti S, Schneck JP and Hamad AR: Fas-mediated apoptosis regulates the composition of peripheral alphabeta T cell repertoire by constitutively purging out double negative T cells. PLoS One. 3(e3465)2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Getachew Y, Cusimano FA, James LP and Thiele DL: The role of intrahepatic CD3+/CD4-/CD8-double negative T (DN T) cells in enhanced acetaminophen toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 280:264–271. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Benihoud K, Bonardelle D, Bobé P and Kiger N: MRL/lpr CD4- CD8- and CD8+ T cells, respectively, mediate Fas-dependent and perforin cytotoxic pathways. Eur J Immunol. 27:415–420. 1997.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Hidalgo Y, Núñez S, Fuenzalida MJ, Flores-Santibáñez F, Sáez PJ, Dorner J, Lennon-Dumenil AM, Martínez V, Zorn E, Rosemblatt M, et al: Thymic B cells promote germinal center-like structures and the expansion of follicular helper T cells in lupus-prone mice. Front Immunol. 11(696)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Menon M, Blair PA, Isenberg DA and Mauri C: A regulatory feedback between plasmacytoid dendritic cells and regulatory B cells Is aberrant in systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunity. 44:683–697. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Xie T, Liu X, Liu H, Han X, Zhao J, Zhou D, Wang Y, Zhang H, Wang P and Li P: LangChuangHeJi decoction ameliorates lupus via preventing accumulation of CD138+ T cells in MRL/lpr mice. Am J Transl Res. 13:12440–12460. 2021.PubMed/NCBI

20 

Chatila T, Silverman L, Miller R and Geha R: Mechanisms of T cell activation by the calcium ionophore ionomycin. J Immunol. 143:1283–1289. 1989.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Straube F and Herrmann T: Differential modulation of CD8beta by rat gammadelta and alphabeta T cells after activation. Immunology. 104:252–258. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Carvalho MUWB, Vendramini P, Kubo CA, Soreiro-Pereira PV, de Albuquerque RS, Antunes E and Condino-Neto A: BAY 41-2272 inhibits human T lymphocyte functions. Int Immunopharmacol. 77(105976)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Xie H, Xie S, Wang M, Wei H, Huang H, Xie A, Li J, Fang C, Shi F, Yang Q, et al: Properties and roles of γδT Cells in plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis NSM infected C57BL/6 mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 11(788546)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Gao M, Jin W, Qian Y, Ji L, Feng G and Sun J: Effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist on T helper cell differentiation induced by phorbol-myristate-acetate and ionomycin. Cytokine. 56:458–465. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Han S, Tie X, Meng L, Wang Y and Wu A: PMA and ionomycin induce glioblastoma cell death: Activation-induced cell-death-like phenomena occur in glioma cells. PLoS One. 8(e76717)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Shan ZG, Zhao YL, Zhang JY, Yan ZB, Wang TT, Mao FY, Teng YS, Peng LS, Chen WY, Wang P, et al: FasL+ PD-L2+ identifies a novel immunosuppressive neutrophil population in human gastric cancer that promotes disease progression. Adv Sci (Weinh). 9(e2103543)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Wu Y, He S, Bai B, Zhang L, Xue L, Lin Z, Yang X, Zhu F, He P, Tang W and Zuo J: Therapeutic effects of the artemisinin analog SM934 on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice via inhibition of TLR-triggered B-cell activation and plasma cell formation. Cell Mol Immunol. 13:379–390. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Park EK, Jung HS, Yang HI, Yoo MC, Kim C and Kim KS: Optimized THP-1 differentiation is required for the detection of responses to weak stimuli. Inflamm Res. 56:45–50. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Zeng CW, Wang WT, Yu XB, Yang LJ, Chen SH and Li YQ: Pathways related to PMA-differentiated THP1 human monocytic leukemia cells revealed by RNA-Seq. Sci China Life Sci. 58:1282–1287. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Martina MN, Noel S, Saxena A, Rabb H and Hamad ARA: Double negative (DN) αβ T cells: Misperception and overdue recognition. Immunol Cell Biol. 93:305–310. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Corneth OBJ, Schaper F, Luk F, Asmawidjaja PS, Mus AMC, Horst G, Heeringa P, Hendriks RW, Westra J and Lubberts E: Lack of IL-17 receptor a signaling aggravates lymphoproliferation in C57BL/6 lpr mice. Sci Rep. 9(4032)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Tsokos GC, Lo MS, Reis PC and Sullivan KE: New insights into the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 12:716–730. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Dik WA, Pike-Overzet K, Weerkamp F, de Ridder D, de Haas EF, Baert MR, van der Spek P, Koster EE, Reinders MJ, van Dongen JJ, et al: New insights on human T cell development by quantitative T cell receptor gene rearrangement studies and gene expression profiling. J Exp Med. 201:1715–1723. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Anderson G and Jenkinson EJ: Lymphostromal interactions in thymic development and function. Nat Rev Immunol. 1:31–40. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Trimble LA, Prince KA, Pestano GA, Daley J and Cantor H: Fas-dependent elimination of nonselected CD8 cells and lpr disease. J Immunol. 168:4960–4967. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Watanabe-Fukunaga R, Brannan CI, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA and Nagata S: Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in Fas antigen that mediates apoptosis. Nature. 356:314–317. 1992.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Suda T, Takahashi T, Golstein P and Nagata S: Molecular cloning and expression of the Fas ligand, a novel member of the tumor necrosis factor family. Cell. 75:1169–1178. 1993.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Zhou T, Bluethmann H, Eldridge J, Berry K and Mountz JD: Origin of CD4-CD8-B220+ T cells in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Clues from a T cell receptor beta transgenic mouse. J Immunol. 150:3651–3667. 1993.PubMed/NCBI

39 

Chun DH, Jung KC, Park WS, Lee IS, Choi WJ, Kim CJ, Park SH and Bae Y: Costimulatory effect of Fas in mouse T lymphocytes. Mol Cells. 10:642–646. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Xie T, Liu X and Li P: CD138 promotes the accumulation and activation of autoreactive T cells in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice. Exp Ther Med 26: 568, 2023.
APA
Xie, T., Liu, X., & Li, P. (2023). CD138 promotes the accumulation and activation of autoreactive T cells in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 26, 568. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12267
MLA
Xie, T., Liu, X., Li, P."CD138 promotes the accumulation and activation of autoreactive T cells in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26.6 (2023): 568.
Chicago
Xie, T., Liu, X., Li, P."CD138 promotes the accumulation and activation of autoreactive T cells in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26, no. 6 (2023): 568. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12267
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Xie T, Liu X and Li P: CD138 promotes the accumulation and activation of autoreactive T cells in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice. Exp Ther Med 26: 568, 2023.
APA
Xie, T., Liu, X., & Li, P. (2023). CD138 promotes the accumulation and activation of autoreactive T cells in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 26, 568. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12267
MLA
Xie, T., Liu, X., Li, P."CD138 promotes the accumulation and activation of autoreactive T cells in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26.6 (2023): 568.
Chicago
Xie, T., Liu, X., Li, P."CD138 promotes the accumulation and activation of autoreactive T cells in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26, no. 6 (2023): 568. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12267
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team