Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
February-2024 Volume 27 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February-2024 Volume 27 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Alzheimer's disease, a metabolic disorder: Clinical advances and basic model studies (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Shanhu Zhou
    • Limin Tu
    • Wei Chen
    • Gangli Yan
    • Hongmei Guo
    • Xinhua Wang
    • Qian Hu
    • Huiqing Liu
    • Fengguang Li
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 63
    |
    Published online on: December 14, 2023
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12351
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment that is aggravated with age. The pathological manifestations include extracellular amyloid deposition, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and loss of neurons. As the world population ages, the incidence of AD continues to increase, not only posing a significant threat to the well‑being and health of individuals but also bringing a heavy burden to the social economy. There is epidemiological evidence suggesting a link between AD and metabolic diseases, which share pathological similarities. This potential link would deserve further consideration; however, the pathogenesis and therapeutic efficacy of AD remain to be further explored. The complex pathogenesis and pathological changes of AD pose a great challenge to the choice of experimental animal models. To understand the role of metabolic diseases in the development of AD and the potential use of drugs for metabolic diseases, the present article reviews the research progress of the comorbidity of AD with diabetes, obesity and hypercholesterolemia, and summarizes the different roles of animal models in the study of AD to provide references for researchers.
View Figures

Figure 1

View References

1 

Kovács Z, Brunner B and Ari C: Beneficial effects of exogenous ketogenic supplements on aging processes and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Nutrients. 13(2197)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Jensen L, Monnat SM, Green JJ, Hunter LM and Sliwinski MJ: Rural population health and aging: Toward a multilevel and multidimensional research agenda for the 2020s. Am J Public Health. 110:1328–1331. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Li Y, Xu H, Wang H, Yang K, Luan J and Wang S: TREM2: Potential therapeutic targeting of microglia for Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother. 165(115218)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Maria C and Rauter AP: Nucleoside analogues: N-glycosylation methodologies, synthesis of antiviral and antitumor drugs and potential against drug-resistant bacteria and Alzheimer's disease. Carbohydr Res. 532(108889)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Stocker H, Trares K, Beyer L, Perna L, Rujescu D, Holleczek B, Beyreuther K, Gerwert K, Schöttker B and Brenner H: Alzheimer's polygenic risk scores, APOE, Alzheimer's disease risk, and dementia-related blood biomarker levels in a population-based cohort study followed over 17 years. Alzheimers Res Ther. 15(129)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Weller J and Budson A: Current understanding of Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and treatment. F1000Res 7: F1000 Faculty Rev-1161, 2018.

7 

Ismail Z, Leon R, Creese B, Ballard C, Robert P and Smith EE: Optimizing detection of Alzheimer's disease in mild cognitive impairment: A 4-year biomarker study of mild behavioral impairment in ADNI and MEMENTO. Mol Neurodegener. 18(50)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Antoniou A, Stavrou M, Evripidou N, Georgiou E, Kousiappa I, Koupparis A, Papacostas SS, Kleopa KA and Damianou C: FUS-mediated blood-brain barrier disruption for delivering anti-Aβ antibodies in 5XFAD Alzheimer's disease mice. J Ultrasound: Jul 29, 2023 (Epub ahead of print). doi: 10.1007/s40477-023-00805-4.

9 

Śliwińska S and Jeziorek M: The role of nutrition in Alzheimer's disease. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 72:29–39. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Fan R, Peng X, Xie L, Dong K, Ma D, Xu W, Shi X, Zhang S, Chen J, Yu X, et al: Importance of Bmal1 in Alzheimer's disease and associated aging-related diseases. Mechanisms and interventions. Aging Cell. 21(e13704)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Carvalho C and Moreira PI: Metabolic defects shared by Alzheimer's disease and diabetes: A focus on mitochondria. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 79(102694)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Nguyen TT, Ta QTH, Nguyen TKO, Nguyen TTD and Giau VV: Type 3 diabetes and its role implications in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Mol Sci. 21(3165)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Janoutová J, Machaczka O, Zatloukalová A and Janout V: Is Alzheimer's disease a type 3 diabetes? A review. Cent Eur J Public Health. 30:139–143. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Kandimalla R, Thirumala V and Reddy PH: Is Alzheimer's disease a type 3 diabetes? A critical appraisal. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 1863:1078–1089. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Michailidis M, Moraitou D, Tata DA, Kalinderi K, Papamitsou T and Papaliagkas V: Alzheimer's disease as type 3 diabetes: Common pathophysiological mechanisms between Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes. Int J Mol Sci. 23(2687)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Diniz Pereira J, Gomes Fraga V, Morais Santos AL, Carvalho MDG, Caramelli P and Braga Gomes K: Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of proteomic studies. J Neurochem. 156:753–776. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Arnold SE, Arvanitakis Z, Macauley-Rambach SL, Koenig AM, Wang HY, Ahima RS, Craft S, Gandy S, Buettner C, Stoeckel LE, et al: Brain insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease: Concepts and conundrums. Nat Rev Neurol. 14:168–181. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Hamzé R, Delangre E, Tolu S, Moreau M, Janel N, Bailbé D and Movassat J: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease: Shared molecular mechanisms and potential common therapeutic targets. Int J Mol Sci. 23(15287)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Chen Z and Zhong C: Decoding Alzheimer's disease from perturbed cerebral glucose metabolism: Implications for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Prog Neurobiol. 108:21–43. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Candasamy M, Mohamed Elhassan SA, Kumar Bhattamisra S, Hua WY, Sern LM, Binti Busthamin NA, Mohamad Ilni NB, Shun NS, Baohong L, Ya NS and Ying NW: Type 3 diabetes (Alzheimer's disease): New insight for promising therapeutic avenues. Panminerva Med. 62:155–163. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Zhang Y, Huang NQ, Yan F, Jin H, Zhou SY, Shi JS and Jin F: Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease: GSK-3β as a potential link. Behav Brain Res. 339:57–65. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Moayedi K, Orandi S, Ebrahimi R, Tanhapour M, Moradi M, Abbastabar M and Golestani A: A novel approach to type 3 diabetes mechanism: The interplay between noncoding RNAs and insulin signaling pathway in Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Physiol. 237:2838–2861. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

de la Monte SM: The full spectrum of Alzheimer's disease is rooted in metabolic derangements that drive type 3 diabetes. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1128:45–83. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Ma LY, Fei YL, Wang XY, Wu SD, Du JH, Zhu M, Jin L, Li M, Li HL, Zhai JJ, et al: The research on the relationship of RAGE, LRP-1, and Aβ accumulation in the hippocampus, prefrontal lobe, and amygdala of STZ-Induced diabetic rats. J Mol Neurosci. 62:1–10. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

XiaoMing Z, Xi Z, Fang S and Jilin Z: Specific changes of somatostatin mRNA expression in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of diabetic rats. J Anat. 204:221–225. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Lachmann G, Spies C, Windmann V, Wollersheim T, Engelhardt LJ, Winterer G and Kuehn S: BIOCOG Study Group. Impact of intraoperative hyperglycemia on brain structures and volumes. J Neuroimaging. 29:260–267. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Bao H, Liu Y, Zhang M, Chen Z, Zhang W, Ge Y, Kang D, Gao F and Shen Y: Increased β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1-mediated insulin receptor cleavage in type 2 diabetes mellitus with cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement. 17:1097–1108. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Braun M, Ramracheya R and Rorsman P: Autocrine regulation of insulin secretion. Diabetes Obes Metab. 14 (Suppl 3):S143–S151. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Botteri G, Salvadó L, Gumà A, Lee Hamilton D, Meakin PJ, Montagut G, Ashford MLJ, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Fernández-Veledo S, Vendrell J, et al: The BACE1 product sAPPβ induces ER stress and inflammation and impairs insulin signaling. Metabolism. 85:59–75. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Wang Q, Duan L, Li X, Wang Y, Guo W, Guan F and Ma S: Glucose metabolism, neural cell senescence and Alzheimer's disease. Int J Mol Sci. 23(4351)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Li H, Yang S, Wu J, Ji L, Zhu L, Cao L, Huang J, Jiang Q, Wei J, Liu M, et al: cAMP/PKA signaling pathway contributes to neuronal apoptosis via regulating IDE expression in a mixed model of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Biochem. 119:1616–1626. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Farr SA, Roesler E, Niehoff ML, Roby DA, McKee A and Morley JE: Metformin improves learning and memory in the SAMP8 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 68:1699–1710. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Mishra D, Reddy I and Dey CS: PKCα Isoform inhibits insulin signaling and aggravates neuronal insulin resistance. Mol Neurobiol. 60:6642–6659. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Oriente F, Andreozzi F, Romano C, Perruolo G, Perfetti A, Fiory F, Miele C, Beguinot F and Formisano P: Protein kinase C-alpha regulates insulin action and degradation by interacting with insulin receptor substrate-1 and 14-3-3 epsilon. J Biol Chem. 280:40642–40649. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Qi XM and Chen G: p38γ MAPK inflammatory and metabolic signaling in physiology and disease. Cells. 12(1674)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Esterline R, Oscarsson J and Burns J: A role for sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease? Int Rev Neurobiol. 155:113–140. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Talbot K, Wang HY, Kazi H, Han LY, Bakshi KP, Stucky A, Fuino RL, Kawaguchi KR, Samoyedny AJ, Wilson RS, et al: Demonstrated brain insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease patients is associated with IGF-1 resistance, IRS-1 dysregulation, and cognitive decline. J Clin Invest. 122:1316–1338. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Frith E and Loprinzi PD: Fitness Fatness Index and Alzheimer-specific mortality. Eur J Intern Med. 42:51–53. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Pugazhenthi S, Qin L and Reddy PH: Common neurodegenerative pathways in obesity, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 1863:1037–1045. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Silva MVF, Loures CMG, Alves LCV, de Souza LC, Borges KBG and Carvalho MDG: Alzheimer's disease: Risk factors and potentially protective measures. J Biomed Sci. 26(33)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Flores-Cordero JA, Pérez-Pérez A, Jiménez-Cortegana C, Alba G, Flores-Barragán A and Sánchez-Margalet V: Obesity as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease: The Role of Leptin. Int J Mol Sci. 23(5202)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Khanna D, Peltzer C, Kahar P and Parmar MS: Body mass index (BMI): A screening tool analysis. Cureus. 14(e22119)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Flegal KM, Kit BK, Orpana H and Graubard BI: Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 309:71–82. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Ashwell M, Gunn P and Gibson S: Waist-to-height ratio is a better screening tool than waist circumference and BMI for adult cardiometabolic risk factors: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 13:275–286. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Diehl-Wiesenecker E, von Armin CA, Dupuis L, Müller HP, Ludolph AC and Kassubek J: Adipose tissue distribution in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A whole body MRI Case-Control study. J Alzheimers Dis. 48:825–832. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Boccara E, Golan S and Beeri MS: The association between regional adiposity, cognitive function, and dementia-related brain changes: A systematic review. Front Med (Lausanne). 10(1160426)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Gómez-Apo E, Mondragón-Maya A, Ferrari-Díaz M and Silva-Pereyra J: Structural Brain Changes associated with overweight and obesity. J Obes. 2021(6613385)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Li X, Chen H, Lv Y, Chao HH, Gong L, Li CR and Cheng H: Diminished gray matter density mediates chemotherapy dosage-related cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients. Sci Rep. 8(13801)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

49 

Miao Y, Zhang B, Sun X, Ma X, Fang D, Zhang W, Wu T, Xu X, Yu C, Hou Y, et al: The presence and severity of NAFLD are associated with cognitive impairment and hippocampal damage. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 108:3239–3249. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Weinstein G, Zelber-Sagi S, Preis SR, Beiser AS, DeCarli C, Speliotes EK, Satizabal CL, Vasan RS and Seshadri S: Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with lower brain volume in healthy Middle-aged adults in the framingham study. JAMA Neurol. 75:97–104. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

51 

Ruchinskas R, Nguyen T, Womack K, Khera A, Yu FF and Kelley BJ: Diagnostic utility of hippocampal volumetric data in a memory disorder clinic setting. Cogn Behav Neurol. 35:66–75. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

52 

van Oostveen WM and de Lange ECM: Imaging techniques in Alzheimer's disease: A review of applications in early diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring. Int J Mol Sci. 22(2110)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Prem Kumar A, Singh N, Nair D and Justin A: Neuronal PET tracers for Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 587:58–62. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

54 

So SW, Fleming KM, Nixon JP and Butterick TA: Early life obesity increases neuroinflammation, amyloid beta deposition, and cognitive decline in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Nutrients. 15(2494)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

55 

Jayaraman A, Lent-Schochet D and Pike CJ: Diet-induced obesity and low testosterone increase neuroinflammation and impair neural function. J Neuroinflammation. 11(162)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

56 

Liu P, Wang ZH, Kang SS, Liu X, Xia Y, Chan CB and Ye K: High-fat diet-induced diabetes couples to Alzheimer's disease through inflammation-activated C/EBPβ/AEP pathway. Mol Psychiatry. 27:3396–3409. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

57 

Medrano-Jiménez E, Jiménez-Ferrer Carrillo I, Pedraza-Escalona M, Ramírez-Serrano CE, Álvarez-Arellano L, Cortés-Mendoza J, Herrera-Ruiz M, Jiménez-Ferrer E, Zamilpa A, Tortoriello J, et al: Malva parviflora extract ameliorates the deleterious effects of a high fat diet on the cognitive deficit in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by restoring microglial function via a PPAR-γ-dependent mechanism. J Neuroinflammation. 16(143)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

58 

Zhang B, Chen T, Cao M, Yuan C, Reiter RJ, Zhao Z, Zhao Y, Chen L, Fan W, Wang X, et al: Gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by decreasing endogenous melatonin mediates the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and obesity. Front Immunol. 13(900132)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

59 

Obradovic M, Zaric B, Sudar-Milovanovic E, Ilincic B, Stokic E, Perovic M and Isenovic ER: PCSK9 and hypercholesterolemia: Therapeutic Approach. Curr Drug Targets. 19:1058–1067. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

60 

Mannarino MR, Ministrini S and Pirro M: Nutraceuticals for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Eur J Intern Med. 25:592–599. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

61 

Loera-Valencia R, Goikolea J, Parrado-Fernandez C, Merino-Serrais P and Maioli S: Alterations in cholesterol metabolism as a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease: Potential novel targets for treatment. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 190:104–114. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

62 

Appleton JP, Scutt P, Sprigg N and Bath PM: Hypercholesterolaemia and vascular dementia. Clin Sci (Lond). 131:1561–1578. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

63 

Sandebring-Matton A, Goikolea J, Björkhem I, Paternain L, Kemppainen N, Laatikainen T, Ngandu T, Rinne J, Soininen H, Cedazo-Minguez A, et al: 27-Hydroxycholesterol, cognition, and brain imaging markers in the FINGER randomized controlled trial. Alzheimers Res Ther. 13(56)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

64 

Reiman EM, Chen K, Langbaum JB, Lee W, Reschke C, Bandy D, Alexander GE and Caselli RJ: Higher serum total cholesterol levels in late middle age are associated with glucose hypometabolism in brain regions affected by Alzheimer's disease and normal aging. Neuroimage. 49:169–176. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

65 

Gottesman RF, Schneider AL, Zhou Y, Coresh J, Green E, Gupta N, Knopman DS, Mintz A, Rahmim A, Sharrett AR, et al: Association between midlife vascular risk factors and estimated brain amyloid deposition. JAMA. 317:1443–1450. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

66 

Serrano-Pozo A, Das S and Hyman BT: APOE and Alzheimer's disease: Advances in genetics, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches. Lancet Neurol. 20:68–80. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

67 

Martens YA, Zhao N, Liu CC, Kanekiyo T, Yang AJ, Goate AM, Holtzman DM and Bu G: ApoE Cascade Hypothesis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Neuron. 110:1304–1317. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

68 

Raulin AC, Doss SV, Trottier ZA, Ikezu TC, Bu G and Liu CC: ApoE in Alzheimer's disease: Pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies. Mol Neurodegener. 17(72)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

69 

Koutsodendris N, Nelson MR, Rao A and Huang Y: Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's Disease: Findings, hypotheses, and potential mechanisms. Annu Rev Pathol. 17:73–99. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

70 

Lanfranco MF, Ng CA and Rebeck GW: ApoE lipidation as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Mol Sci. 21(6336)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

71 

Zhao N, Liu CC, Qiao W and Bu G: Apolipoprotein E, receptors, and modulation of Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 83:347–357. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

72 

Fernández-Calle R, Konings SC, Frontiñán-Rubio J, García-Revilla J, Camprubí-Ferrer L, Svensson M, Martinson I, Boza-Serrano A, Venero JL, Nielsen HM, et al: APOE in the bullseye of neurodegenerative diseases: Impact of the APOE genotype in Alzheimer's disease pathology and brain diseases. Mol Neurodegener. 17(62)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

73 

McNamara DJ: Dietary cholesterol, heart disease risk and cognitive dissonance. Proc Nutr Soc. 73:161–166. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

74 

Lee SB, Kim HG, Lee JS, Kim WY, Lee MM, Kim YH, Lee JO, Kim HS and Son CG: Intermittent restraint-induced sympathetic activation attenuates hepatic steatosis and inflammation in a high-fat diet-fed mouse model. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 317:G811–G823. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

75 

Ettcheto M, Petrov D, Pedrós I, Alva N, Carbonell T, Beas-Zarate C, Pallas M, Auladell C, Folch J and Camins A: Evaluation of neuropathological effects of a High-Fat diet in a presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease stage in APP/PS1 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis. 54:233–251. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

76 

Bromley-Brits K, Deng Y and Song W: Morris water maze test for learning and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease model mice. J Vis Exp. 20(2920)2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

77 

Song J: Animal model of aluminum-induced Alzheimer's disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1091:113–127. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

78 

Drummond E and Wisniewski T: Alzheimer's disease: Experimental models and reality. Acta Neuropathol. 133:155–175. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

79 

Zhang L, Chen C, Mak MS, Lu J, Wu Z, Chen Q, Han Y, Li Y and Pi R: Advance of sporadic Alzheimer's disease animal models. Med Res Rev. 40:431–458. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

80 

Thawkar BS and Kaur G: Zebrafish as a promising tool for modeling Neurotoxin-Induced Alzheimer's disease. Neurotox Res. 39:949–965. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

81 

Tsuda L and Lim YM: Alzheimer's disease model system using drosophila. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1076:25–40. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

82 

Souder DC, Dreischmeier IA, Smith AB, Wright S, Martin SA, Sagar MAK, Eliceiri KW, Salamat SM, Bendlin BB, Colman RJ, et al: Rhesus monkeys as a translational model for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell. 20(e13374)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

83 

Edler MK, Munger EL, Meindl RS, Hopkins WD, Ely JJ, Erwin JM, Mufson EJ, Hof PR, Sherwood CC and Raghanti MA: Neuron loss associated with age but not Alzheimer's disease pathology in the chimpanzee brain. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 375(20190619)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

84 

Dewey CW, Davies ES, Xie H and Wakshlag JJ: Canine cognitive dysfunction: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 49:477–499. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

85 

Esquerda-Canals G, Montoliu-Gaya L, Güell-Bosch J and Villegas S: Mouse models of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 57:1171–1183. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

86 

Puzzo D, Gulisano W, Palmeri A and Arancio O: Rodent models for Alzheimer's disease drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov. 10:703–711. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

87 

Hefti F, Dravid A and Hartikka J: Chronic intraventricular injections of nerve growth factor elevate hippocampal choline acetyltransferase activity in adult rats with partial septo-hippocampal lesions. Brain Res. 293:305–311. 1984.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

88 

Washida K, Hattori Y and Ihara M: Animal models of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: From mouse to primate. Int J Mol Sci. 20(6176)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

89 

Yi J, Liu BY and Cai GX: Study on effect of Ultra-powder Liuwei Dihuang decoction on recognize and bFGF in Alzheime's disease rats bFGF. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Formulae. 17:139–142. 2011.

90 

Chen HF, Mo YS and Yang C: Protective effect and mechanism of quercetin on hippocampal neurons in IBO-injured rats. Tradit Chin Drug Res Clin Pharmacol. 29:552–556. 2018.

91 

Lester-Coll N, Rivera EJ, Soscia SJ, Doiron K, Wands JR and de la Monte SM: Intracerebral Streptozotocin model of type 3 diabetes: Relevance to sporadic Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 9:13–33. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

92 

Wang C, Cai Z, Wang W, Wei M, Si X, Shang Y, Yang Z, Li T, Guo H and Li S: Piperine regulates glycogen synthase kinase-3β-related signaling and attenuates cognitive decline in D-galactose-induced aging mouse model. J Nutr Biochem. 75(108261)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

93 

Mustafa HN: Neuro-amelioration of cinnamaldehyde in aluminum-induced Alzheimer's disease rat model. J Histotechnol. 43:11–20. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

94 

Song XY, Hu JF, Chu SF, Zhang Z, Xu S, Yuan YH, Han N, Liu Y, Niu F, He X and Chen NH: Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates okadaic acid induced spatial memory impairment by the GSK3β/tau signaling pathway and the Aβ formation prevention in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 710:29–38. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

95 

Haider S, Tabassum S and Perveen T: Scopolamine-induced greater alterations in neurochemical profile and increased oxidative stress demonstrated a better model of dementia: A comparative study. Brain Res Bull. 127:234–247. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

96 

Zangerolamo L, Vettorazzi JF, Solon C, Bronczek GA, Engel DF, Kurauti MA, Soares GM, Rodrigues KS, Velloso LA, Boschero AC, et al: The bile acid TUDCA improves glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease mice model. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 521(111116)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

97 

Liu RM: Aging, cellular senescence, and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 23(1989)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

98 

Stern Y: Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol. 11:1006–1012. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

99 

Leuti A, Fazio D, Fava M, Piccoli A, Oddi S and Maccarrone M: Bioactive lipids, inflammation and chronic diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 159:133–169. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

100 

Kälin S, Heppner FL, Bechmann I, Prinz M, Tschöp MH and Yi CX: Hypothalamic innate immune reaction in obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 11:339–351. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

101 

de Git KC and Adan RA: Leptin resistance in diet-induced obesity: The role of hypothalamic inflammation. Obes Rev. 16:207–224. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

102 

Boccardi V, Murasecco I and Mecocci P: Diabetes drugs in the fight against Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev. 54(100936)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

103 

Kellar D and Craft S: Brain insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: Mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Lancet Neurol. 19:758–766. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

104 

Campbell JM, Stephenson MD, de Courten B, Chapman I, Bellman SM and Aromataris E: Metformin use associated with reduced risk of dementia in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis. 65:1225–1236. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

105 

Briggs R, Kennelly SP and O'Neill D: Drug treatments in Alzheimer's disease. Clin Med (Lond). 16:247–253. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhou S, Tu L, Chen W, Yan G, Guo H, Wang X, Hu Q, Liu H and Li F: Alzheimer's disease, a metabolic disorder: Clinical advances and basic model studies (Review). Exp Ther Med 27: 63, 2024.
APA
Zhou, S., Tu, L., Chen, W., Yan, G., Guo, H., Wang, X. ... Li, F. (2024). Alzheimer's disease, a metabolic disorder: Clinical advances and basic model studies (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 27, 63. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12351
MLA
Zhou, S., Tu, L., Chen, W., Yan, G., Guo, H., Wang, X., Hu, Q., Liu, H., Li, F."Alzheimer's disease, a metabolic disorder: Clinical advances and basic model studies (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 27.2 (2024): 63.
Chicago
Zhou, S., Tu, L., Chen, W., Yan, G., Guo, H., Wang, X., Hu, Q., Liu, H., Li, F."Alzheimer's disease, a metabolic disorder: Clinical advances and basic model studies (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 27, no. 2 (2024): 63. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12351
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhou S, Tu L, Chen W, Yan G, Guo H, Wang X, Hu Q, Liu H and Li F: Alzheimer's disease, a metabolic disorder: Clinical advances and basic model studies (Review). Exp Ther Med 27: 63, 2024.
APA
Zhou, S., Tu, L., Chen, W., Yan, G., Guo, H., Wang, X. ... Li, F. (2024). Alzheimer's disease, a metabolic disorder: Clinical advances and basic model studies (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 27, 63. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12351
MLA
Zhou, S., Tu, L., Chen, W., Yan, G., Guo, H., Wang, X., Hu, Q., Liu, H., Li, F."Alzheimer's disease, a metabolic disorder: Clinical advances and basic model studies (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 27.2 (2024): 63.
Chicago
Zhou, S., Tu, L., Chen, W., Yan, G., Guo, H., Wang, X., Hu, Q., Liu, H., Li, F."Alzheimer's disease, a metabolic disorder: Clinical advances and basic model studies (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 27, no. 2 (2024): 63. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12351
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team