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Advances in understanding the role of interleukins in pulmonary fibrosis (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Yuqing He
    • Xuebin Shen
    • Kefeng Zhai
    • Sihui Nian
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Development and High Value Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in North Anhui Province, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © He et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 25
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    Published online on: November 28, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12775
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Abstract

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive, irreversible disease characterized by heterogeneous interstitial lung tissue damage. It originates from persistent or repeated lung epithelial injury and leads to the activation and differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Interleukins (ILs) are a group of lymphokines crucial for immunomodulation that are implicated in the pathogenesis of PF. However, different types of ILs exert disparate effects on PF. In the present review, based on the effect on PF, ILs are classified into three categories: i) Promotors of PF; ii) inhibitors of PF; and iii) those that exert dual effects on PF. Several types of ILs can promote PF by provoking inflammation, initiating proliferation and transdifferentiation of epithelial cells, exacerbating lung injury, while other ILs can inhibit PF through suppressing expression of inflammatory factors, modulating the Th1/Th2 balance and autophagy. The present review summarizes the association of ILs and PF, focusing on the roles and mechanisms of ILs underlying PF.
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He Y, Shen X, Zhai K and Nian S: Advances in understanding the role of interleukins in pulmonary fibrosis (Review). Exp Ther Med 29: 25, 2025.
APA
He, Y., Shen, X., Zhai, K., & Nian, S. (2025). Advances in understanding the role of interleukins in pulmonary fibrosis (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 29, 25. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12775
MLA
He, Y., Shen, X., Zhai, K., Nian, S."Advances in understanding the role of interleukins in pulmonary fibrosis (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29.2 (2025): 25.
Chicago
He, Y., Shen, X., Zhai, K., Nian, S."Advances in understanding the role of interleukins in pulmonary fibrosis (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29, no. 2 (2025): 25. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12775
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Spandidos Publications style
He Y, Shen X, Zhai K and Nian S: Advances in understanding the role of interleukins in pulmonary fibrosis (Review). Exp Ther Med 29: 25, 2025.
APA
He, Y., Shen, X., Zhai, K., & Nian, S. (2025). Advances in understanding the role of interleukins in pulmonary fibrosis (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 29, 25. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12775
MLA
He, Y., Shen, X., Zhai, K., Nian, S."Advances in understanding the role of interleukins in pulmonary fibrosis (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29.2 (2025): 25.
Chicago
He, Y., Shen, X., Zhai, K., Nian, S."Advances in understanding the role of interleukins in pulmonary fibrosis (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29, no. 2 (2025): 25. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12775
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