Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
February-2025 Volume 29 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February-2025 Volume 29 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Efficacy of intravenous plus intrathecal/intracerebral ventricle injection of tigecycline for post‑neurosurgical intracranial infections due to MDR/XDR Acinetobacter baumannii: A retrospective cohort study

  • Authors:
    • Xia Tian
    • Xianbing Meng
    • Lichao Guo
    • Yan Li
    • Guoqing Gu
    • Tianyan Zhang
    • Rufeng An
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China, Department of Child Rehabilitation, Taishan District People's Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
  • Article Number: 31
    |
    Published online on: December 13, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12781
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Intracranial infection is a complication of neurosurgery that can lead to severe neurological complications, greatly increasing the risk of mortality. Intracranial infection caused by multidrug‑resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR‑AB) is one of the most severe complications of craniotomy. However, the availability of effective therapeutic options for such infections remains limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of intrathecal/intracerebral (ITC) ventricle tigecycline injection for managing post‑neurosurgical intracranial infections caused by MDR‑AB. The present retrospective study was conducted from January 2014 to December 2023 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Taian, China), which included 15 cases of MDR‑AB positivity in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures after neurosurgery. Patients treated with intravenous and intrathecal/ITC tigecycline ventricle injection were assigned to the ‘ITV + ITC’ group, whereas patients treated without intrathecal/ITC injection were assigned to the ‘ITV’ group. Data for general information, treatment history, the results of biochemical indicators in CSF and the microbiological clearance rate were collected and analyzed. No significant differences were observed in characteristics, susceptibility testing or empirical antimicrobial use between the two groups after treatment. However, after treatment, the ITV + ITC group exhibited a significantly decreased body temperature, whilst the biochemical indicators present in CSF were significantly improved. In addition, the ITV + ITC group had a significantly higher microbiological clearance rate (5/6; 83.33%) compared with that in the ITV group (2/9; 22.22%). These findings suggest that intravenous plus intrathecal/ITC ventricle injection of tigecycline is an effective regimen for treating intracranial infections caused by MDR‑AB.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Fang C, Zhu T, Zhang P, Xia L and Sun C: Risk factors of neurosurgical site infection after craniotomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Infect Control. 45:e123–e134. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Korinek AM, Baugnon T, Golmard JL, van Effenterre R, Coriat P and Puybasset L: Risk factors for adult nosocomial meningitis after craniotomy: Role of antibiotic prophylaxis. Neurosurgery. 62 (Suppl 2):S532–S539. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Karaiskos I, Galani L, Baziaka F and Giamarellou H: Intraventricular and intrathecal colistin as the last therapeutic resort for the treatment of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventriculitis and meningitis: A literature review. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 41:499–508. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Huttova M, Freybergh PF, Rudinsky B, Sramka M, Kisac P, Bauer F and Ondrusova A: Postsurgical meningitis caused by Acinetobacter baumannii associated with high mortality. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 28 (Suppl 2):S15–S16. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Metan G, Alp E, Aygen B and Sumerkan B: Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis in post-neurosurgical patients: Clinical outcome and impact of carbapenem resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 60:197–199. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Ranjbar R and Alam M: Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators (2022). Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: A systematic analysis. Evid Based Nurs: Jul 27, 2023 (Epub ahead of print).

7 

Ayoub Moubareck C and Hammoudi Halat D: Insights into Acinetobacter baumannii: A review of microbiological, virulence, and resistance traits in a threatening nosocomial pathogen. Antibiotics (Basel). 9(119)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Ibrahim S, Al-Saryi N, Al-Kadmy IMS and Aziz SN: Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as an emerging concern in hospitals. Mol Biol Rep. 48:6987–6998. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Tokur ME, Korkmaz P, Alkan S, Yıldız E, Arık Ö, Renders DP and Balcı C: Mortality predictors on the day of healthcare-associated Acinetobacter baumanni bacteremia in intensive care unit. J Infect Dev Ctries. 16:1473–1481. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Ibrahim ME: Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii in Saudi Arabia: Risk factors, antimicrobial resistance patterns and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 18(1)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Zhu Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Tao Y, Shao X, Li Y and Li W: Insight into carbapenem resistance and virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii from a children's medical centre in eastern China. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 21(47)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Mohajeri P, Sharbati S, Farahani A and Rezaei Z: Evaluate the frequency distribution of nonadhesive virulence factors in carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from clinical samples in Kermanshah. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 7:58–61. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Nau R, Seele J, Djukic M and Eiffert H: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics in central nervous system infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 31:57–68. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Nau R, Sörgel F and Eiffert H: Penetration of drugs through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid/blood-brain barrier for treatment of central nervous system infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 23:858–883. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

De Bonis P, Lofrese G, Scoppettuolo G, Spanu T, Cultrera R, Labonia M, Cavallo MA, Mangiola A, Anile C and Pompucci A: Intraventricular versus intravenous colistin for the treatment of extensively drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis. Eur J Neurol. 23:68–75. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Mohajeri P, Farahani A, Feizabadi MM and Norozi B: Clonal evolution multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Indian J Med Microbiol. 33:87–91. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Tsuji BT, Pogue JM, Zavascki AP, Paul M, Daikos GL, Forrest A, Giacobbe DR, Viscoli C, Giamarellou H, Karaiskos I, et al: International Consensus Guidelines for the Optimal Use of the Polymyxins: Endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), International Society for Anti-infective Pharmacology (ISAP), Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP). Pharmacotherapy. 39:10–39. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Huang Q, Zhang X, Jia A, Huang Q, Jiang Y and Xie L: The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and neurotoxicity of tigecycline intraventricular injection for the treatment of extensively drug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii intracranial infection. Infect Drug Resist. 15:4809–4817. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Fang YQ, Zhan RC, Jia W, Zhang BQ and Wang JJ: A case report of intraventricular tigecycline therapy for intracranial infection with extremely drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Medicine (Baltimore). 96(e7703)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Li LM, Zheng WJ and Shi SW: Spinal arachnoiditis followed by intrathecal tigecycline therapy for central nervous system infection by extremely drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Int Med Res. 48(300060520920405)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Deng ZW, Wang J, Qiu CF, Yang Y, Shi ZH and Zhou JL: A case report of intraventricular and intrathecal tigecycline infusions for an extensively drug-resistant intracranial Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Medicine (Baltimore). 98(e15139)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Rodvold KA, Gotfried MH, Cwik M, Korth-Bradley JM, Dukart G and Ellis-Grosse EJ: Serum, tissue and body fluid concentrations of tigecycline after a single 100 mg dose. J Antimicrob Chemother. 58:1221–1229. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Ray L, Levasseur K, Nicolau DP and Scheetz MH: Cerebral spinal fluid penetration of tigecycline in a patient with Acinetobacter baumannii cerebritis. Ann Pharmacother. 44:582–586. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Pan S, Huang X, Wang Y, Li L, Zhao C, Yao Z, Cui W and Zhang G: Efficacy of intravenous plus intrathecal/intracerebral ventricle injection of polymyxin B for post-neurosurgical intracranial infections due to MDR/XDR Acinectobacter baumannii: A retrospective cohort study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 7(8)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Abdallah M, Alsaleh H, Baradwan A, Alfawares R, Alobaid A, Rasheed A and Soliman I: Intraventricular tigecycline as a last resort therapy in a patient with difficult-to-treat healthcare-associated acinetobacter baumannii ventriculitis: A case report. SN Compr Clin Med. 2:1683–1687. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Teasdale G, Maas A, Lecky F, Manley G, Stocchetti N and Murray G: The Glasgow Coma Scale at 40 years: Standing the test of time. Lancet Neurol. 13:844–854. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Capuano B and Cone DC: An Analysis of the Distribution of Glasgow Coma Scale Scores across Pan-Asian Trauma Outcomes Study (PATOS) Regions. Prehosp Disaster Med: Feb 14, 2022 (Epub ahead of print).

28 

Institute CALS. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Clin Microbiol Newsletter. 23:M100–M111. 2019.

29 

Peleg AY, Seifert H and Paterson DL: Acinetobacter baumannii: Emergence of a successful pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev. 21:538–582. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Fishbain J and Peleg AY: Treatment of Acinetobacter infections. Clin Infect Dis. 51:79–84. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Ma MY, Xu J, Yu N and Huang GM: Analysis of drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii and its related factors in ICU. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 25:686–689. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar : (In Chinese).

32 

Spellberg B and Rex JH: The value of single-pathogen antibacterial agents. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 12(963)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Inchai J, Pothirat C, Bumroongkit C, Limsukon A, Khositsakulchai W and Liwsrisakun C: Prognostic factors associated with mortality of drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventilator-associated pneumonia. J Intensive Care. 3(9)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Uwingabiye J, Frikh M, Lemnouer A, Bssaibis F, Belefquih B, Maleb A, Dahraoui S, Belyamani L, Bait A, Haimeur C, et al: Acinetobacter infections prevalence and frequency of the antibiotics resistance: Comparative study of intensive care units versus other hospital units. Pan Afr Med J. 23(191)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Willyard C: The drug-resistant bacteria that pose the greatest health threats. Nature. 543(15)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Kim BN, Peleg AY, Lodise TP, Lipman J, Li J, Nation R and Paterson DL: Management of meningitis due to antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter species. Lancet Infect Dis. 9:245–255. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Gordon NC and Wareham DW: Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: Mechanisms of virulence and resistance. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 35:219–226. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Vila J and Pachón J: Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to everything: what should we do? Clin Microbiol Infect. 17:955–956. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Durante-Mangoni E and Zarrilli R: Global spread of drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: Molecular epidemiology and management of antimicrobial resistance. Future Microbiol. 6:407–422. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Pankey GA: Tigecycline. J Antimicrob Chemother. 56:470–480. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Karageorgopoulos DE and Falagas ME: Current control and treatment of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Lancet Infect Dis. 8:751–762. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Pallotto C, Fiorio M, D'Avolio A, Sgrelli A, Baldelli F, Di Perri G and De Socio GV: Cerebrospinal fluid penetration of tigecycline. Scand J Infect Dis. 46:69–72. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Long W, Yuan J, Liu J, Liu J, Wu M, Chen X, Peng G, Wu C, Zhang C, Wang X, et al: Multidrug resistant brain abscess due to acinetobacter baumannii ventriculitis cleared by intraventricular and intravenous tigecycline therapy: A case report and review of literature. Front Neurol. 9(518)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Tian X, Meng X, Guo L, Li Y, Gu G, Zhang T and An R: Efficacy of intravenous plus intrathecal/intracerebral ventricle injection of tigecycline for post‑neurosurgical intracranial infections due to MDR/XDR <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>: A retrospective cohort study. Exp Ther Med 29: 31, 2025.
APA
Tian, X., Meng, X., Guo, L., Li, Y., Gu, G., Zhang, T., & An, R. (2025). Efficacy of intravenous plus intrathecal/intracerebral ventricle injection of tigecycline for post‑neurosurgical intracranial infections due to MDR/XDR <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>: A retrospective cohort study. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 29, 31. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12781
MLA
Tian, X., Meng, X., Guo, L., Li, Y., Gu, G., Zhang, T., An, R."Efficacy of intravenous plus intrathecal/intracerebral ventricle injection of tigecycline for post‑neurosurgical intracranial infections due to MDR/XDR <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>: A retrospective cohort study". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29.2 (2025): 31.
Chicago
Tian, X., Meng, X., Guo, L., Li, Y., Gu, G., Zhang, T., An, R."Efficacy of intravenous plus intrathecal/intracerebral ventricle injection of tigecycline for post‑neurosurgical intracranial infections due to MDR/XDR <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>: A retrospective cohort study". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29, no. 2 (2025): 31. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12781
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Tian X, Meng X, Guo L, Li Y, Gu G, Zhang T and An R: Efficacy of intravenous plus intrathecal/intracerebral ventricle injection of tigecycline for post‑neurosurgical intracranial infections due to MDR/XDR <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>: A retrospective cohort study. Exp Ther Med 29: 31, 2025.
APA
Tian, X., Meng, X., Guo, L., Li, Y., Gu, G., Zhang, T., & An, R. (2025). Efficacy of intravenous plus intrathecal/intracerebral ventricle injection of tigecycline for post‑neurosurgical intracranial infections due to MDR/XDR <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>: A retrospective cohort study. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 29, 31. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12781
MLA
Tian, X., Meng, X., Guo, L., Li, Y., Gu, G., Zhang, T., An, R."Efficacy of intravenous plus intrathecal/intracerebral ventricle injection of tigecycline for post‑neurosurgical intracranial infections due to MDR/XDR <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>: A retrospective cohort study". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29.2 (2025): 31.
Chicago
Tian, X., Meng, X., Guo, L., Li, Y., Gu, G., Zhang, T., An, R."Efficacy of intravenous plus intrathecal/intracerebral ventricle injection of tigecycline for post‑neurosurgical intracranial infections due to MDR/XDR <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>: A retrospective cohort study". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29, no. 2 (2025): 31. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12781
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team