Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
April-2025 Volume 29 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2025 Volume 29 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Globotriaosylceramide as a potential biomarker for auxiliary detection of lower respiratory tract infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • Authors:
    • Tao Xu
    • Jiawei Li
    • Yuqing Dong
    • Zhijia Zhao
    • Li Yu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China, Department of Medical Records and Statistics, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Xu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 83
    |
    Published online on: February 24, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12833
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) are a significant health concern, notably among vulnerable populations. The glycosphingolipid receptor globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) has been implicated in PA pathogenicity, however, its clinical implications remain underexplored. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical value of Gb3 concentrations in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as a biomarker for PA‑induced LRTIs. In the current prospective study, 54 PA‑infected patients and 54 healthy individuals were enrolled as controls. Gb3 levels were measured using a Gb3 ELISA kit and the levels of inflammatory markers were assessed. The diagnostic accuracy of Gb3 was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The patients with PA‑induced LRTIs exhibited significantly higher Gb3 concentration levels in both serum and BALF compared with those noted in healthy controls, with more pronounced elevations noted in BALF. The area under the ROC curve was 0.899 for serum Gb3 and 0.812 for BALF Gb3, indicating high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of PA infection. Gb3 levels were also found to be correlated with C‑reactive protein and procalcitonin levels, suggesting its potential in reflecting infection severity. Overall, the present findings revealed a significant association between Gb3 levels and PA‑induced LRTIs, proposing Gb3 as a promising biomarker for early detection and diagnosis. Further research is warranted to validate the role of Gb3 in various patient populations and to explore its dynamics over the course of infection.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Crone S, Vives-Flórez M, Kvich L, Saunders AM, Malone M, Nicolaisen MH, Martínez-García E, Rojas-Acosta C, Catalina Gomez-Puerto M, Calum H, et al: The environmental occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. APMIS. 128:220–231. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Berger C, Rückert C, Blom J, Rabaey K, Kalinowski J and Rosenbaum MA: Estimation of pathogenic potential of an environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate using comparative genomics. Sci Rep. 11(1370)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Diggle SP and Whiteley M: Corrigendum: Microbe profile: Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Opportunistic pathogen and lab rat. Microbiology (Reading). 167(001073)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Shi Y, Cao Q, Sun J, Hu X, Su Z, Xu Y, Zhang H, Lan L and Feng Y: The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa exploits bacterial biotin synthesis pathway to benefit its infectivity. PLoS Pathog. 19(e1011110)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Sathe N, Beech P, Croft L, Suphioglu C, Kapat A and Athan E: Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Infections and novel approaches to treatment ‘Knowing the enemy’ the threat of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and exploring novel approaches to treatment. Infect Med (Beijing). 2:178–194. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Zhang S and Stallforth P: Biofilms and exopolysaccharides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Pathogenesis, immune evasion, and lung-brain signaling during pneumonia. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 9(204)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Huang Q, Duan C, Ma H, Nong C, Zheng Q, Zhou J, Zhao N, Mou X, Liu T, Zou S, et al: Structural and functional characterization of itaconyl-CoA hydratase and citramalyl-CoA lyase involved in itaconate metabolism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Structure. 32:941–952.e3. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Maruri-Aransolo A, López-Causapé C, Hernández-García M, García-Castillo M, Caballero-Pérez JD, Oliver A and Cantón R: In vitro activity of cefiderocol in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from people with cystic fibrosis recovered during three multicentre studies in Spain. J Antimicrob Chemother. 79:1432–1440. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Ashworth EA, Wright RCT, Shears RK, Wong JKL, Hassan A, Hall JPJ, Kadioglu A and Fothergill JL: Exploiting lung adaptation and phage steering to clear pan-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in vivo. Nat Commun. 15(1547)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Siukstaite L, Imberty A and Römer W: Structural diversities of lectins binding to the glycosphingolipid Gb3. Front Mol Biosci. 8(704685)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Schubert T, Sych T, Madl J, Xu M, Omidvar R, Patalag LJ, Ries A, Kettelhoit K, Brandel A, Mely Y, et al: Differential recognition of lipid domains by two Gb3-binding lectins. Sci Rep. 10(9752)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Üçeyler N, Böttger J, Henkel L, Langjahr M, Mayer C, Nordbeck P, Wanner C and Sommer C: Detection of blood Gb3 deposits as a new tool for diagnosis and therapy monitoring in patients with classic Fabry disease. J Intern Med. 284:427–438. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Dinu IR and Firu ŞG: Fabry disease-current data and therapeutic approaches. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 62:5–11. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Bichet DG, Aerts JM, Auray-Blais C, Maruyama H, Mehta AB, Skuban N, Krusinska E and Schiffmann R: Assessment of plasma lyso-Gb3 for clinical monitoring of treatment response in migalastat-treated patients with Fabry disease. Genet Med. 23:192–201. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Nowak A, Beuschlein F, Sivasubramaniam V, Kasper D and Warnock DG: Lyso-Gb3 associates with adverse long-term outcome in patients with Fabry disease. J Med Genet. 59:287–293. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Zhang T, de Waard AA, Wuhrer M and Spaapen RM: The Role of glycosphingolipids in immune cell functions. Front Immunol. 10(90)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Freedman SB, van de Kar N and Tarr PI: Shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. N Engl J Med. 389:1402–1414. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Park JY, Kim CH and Cho SH: Glycan-adhering lectins and experimental evaluation of a lectin fimh inhibitor in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 strain EDL933. Int J Mol Sci. 23(9931)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Arenas-Mosquera D, Pinto A, Cerny N, Berdasco C, Cangelosi A, Geoghegan PA, Malchiodi EL, De Marzi M and Goldstein J: Cytokines expression from altered motor thalamus and behavior deficits following sublethal administration of Shiga toxin 2a involve the induction of the globotriaosylceramide receptor. Toxicon. 216:115–124. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Zheng S, Eierhoff T, Aigal S, Brandel A, Thuenauer R, de Bentzmann S, Imberty A and Römer W: The Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin LecA triggers host cell signalling by glycosphingolipid-dependent phosphorylation of the adaptor protein CrkII. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 1864:1236–1245. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Kociurzynski R, Makshakova ON, Knecht V and Römer W: Multiscale molecular dynamics studies reveal different modes of receptor clustering by Gb3-binding lectins. J Chem Theory Comput. 17:2488–2501. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Feitz WJC, Bouwmeester R, van der Velden TJAM, Goorden S, Licht C, van den Heuvel LPJW and van de Kar NCAJ: The shiga toxin receptor globotriaosylceramide as therapeutic target in Shiga Toxin E. coli Mediated HUS. Microorganisms. 9(2157)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Brandel A, Aigal S, Lagies S, Schlimpert M, Meléndez AV, Xu M, Lehmann A, Hummel D, Fisch D, Madl J, et al: The Gb3-enriched CD59/flotillin plasma membrane domain regulates host cell invasion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cell Mol Life Sci. 78:3637–3656. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Gao S, Ni C, Huang W, Hao H, Jiang H, Lv Q, Zheng Y, Liu P, Kong D and Jiang Y: The interaction between flagellin and the glycosphingolipid Gb3 on host cells contributes to Bacillus cereus acute infection. Virulence. 11:769–780. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Szymczak-Kulus K, Czerwinski M and Kaczmarek R: Human Gb3/CD77 synthase: A glycosyltransferase at the crossroads of immunohematology, toxicology, and cancer research. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 29(137)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Geyer PE, Maak M, Nitsche U, Perl M, Novotny A, Slotta-Huspenina J, Dransart E, Holtorf A, Johannes L and Janssen KP: Gastric adenocarcinomas express the glycosphingolipid Gb3/CD77: Targeting of gastric cancer cells with Shiga Toxin B-subunit. Mol Cancer Ther. 15:1008–1017. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Pulmonary Infection Assembly of Chinese Thoracic Society. Chinese expert consensus on the management of lower respiratory tract infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in adults (2022). Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 45:739–752. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar : (In Chinese).

28 

Sharma P, Zhang X, Ly K, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Ye AY, Hu J, Kim JH, Lou M, Wang C, et al: The lipid globotriaosylceramide promotes germinal center B cell responses and antiviral immunity. Science. 383(eadg0564)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Weinbergerova B, Kabut T, Kocmanova I, Lengerova M, Pospisil Z, Kral Z and Mayer J: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum 1,3-β-D-glucan testing for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis diagnosis in hematological patients: The role of factors affecting assay performance. Sci Rep. 10(17963)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Gan Q, Li Z, Li X, Huang Y and Deng H: Analysis of the effects of early screening combined with blood lactate on the severity of patients with sepsis. Heliyon. 10(e31907)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Formenti P, Gotti M, Palmieri F, Pastori S, Roccaforte V, Menozzi A, Galimberti A, Umbrello M, Sabbatini G and Pezzi A: Presepsin in critical illness: Current knowledge and future perspectives. Diagnostics (Basel). 14(1311)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Hu Y, Ren J, Lv Z, Liu H and Qiu X: Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein as early predictors in patients at high risk of colorectal anastomotic leakage. J Int Med Res. 52(3000605241258160)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Zeng Y, Xie Y, Chen D and Wang R: Related factors of euthyroid sick syndrome in patients with sepsis. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 56:526–532. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar : (In Chinese).

34 

Müller DC, Kauppi A, Edin A, Gylfe Å, Sjöstedt AB and Johansson A: Phospholipid levels in blood during community-acquired pneumonia. PLoS One. 14(e0216379)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Nan W, Xiong F, Zheng H, Li C, Lou C, Lei X, Wu H, Gao H and Li Y: Myristoyl lysophosphatidylcholine is a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for community-acquired pneumonia. Redox Boil. 58(102556)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Xu T, Li J, Dong Y, Zhao Z and Yu L: Globotriaosylceramide as a potential biomarker for auxiliary detection of lower respiratory tract infections of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. Exp Ther Med 29: 83, 2025.
APA
Xu, T., Li, J., Dong, Y., Zhao, Z., & Yu, L. (2025). Globotriaosylceramide as a potential biomarker for auxiliary detection of lower respiratory tract infections of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 29, 83. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12833
MLA
Xu, T., Li, J., Dong, Y., Zhao, Z., Yu, L."Globotriaosylceramide as a potential biomarker for auxiliary detection of lower respiratory tract infections of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29.4 (2025): 83.
Chicago
Xu, T., Li, J., Dong, Y., Zhao, Z., Yu, L."Globotriaosylceramide as a potential biomarker for auxiliary detection of lower respiratory tract infections of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29, no. 4 (2025): 83. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12833
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Xu T, Li J, Dong Y, Zhao Z and Yu L: Globotriaosylceramide as a potential biomarker for auxiliary detection of lower respiratory tract infections of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. Exp Ther Med 29: 83, 2025.
APA
Xu, T., Li, J., Dong, Y., Zhao, Z., & Yu, L. (2025). Globotriaosylceramide as a potential biomarker for auxiliary detection of lower respiratory tract infections of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 29, 83. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12833
MLA
Xu, T., Li, J., Dong, Y., Zhao, Z., Yu, L."Globotriaosylceramide as a potential biomarker for auxiliary detection of lower respiratory tract infections of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29.4 (2025): 83.
Chicago
Xu, T., Li, J., Dong, Y., Zhao, Z., Yu, L."Globotriaosylceramide as a potential biomarker for auxiliary detection of lower respiratory tract infections of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29, no. 4 (2025): 83. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12833
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team