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Pharmacokinetics of sulfur-containing compounds in aged garlic extract: S-Allylcysteine, S-1-propenylcysteine, S-methylcysteine, S-allylmercaptocysteine and others (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Masato Nakamoto
    • Kayo Kunimura
    • Masahiro Ohtani
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    Affiliations: Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Akitakata, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
    Copyright: © Nakamoto et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 102
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    Published online on: March 26, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12852
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Abstract

Aged garlic extract (AGE) is produced by aging raw garlic (Allium sativum L.) in an alcoholic solution for >10 months. AGE is rich in sulfur‑containing amino acids, such as S‑allylcysteine (SAC), S‑1‑propenylcysteine (S1PC), S‑methylcysteine (SMC) and S‑allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC). These sulfur‑containing amino acids exert various beneficial pharmacological effects and have different pharmacokinetic properties. For instance, SAC, S1PC and SMC are well absorbed in rats with high bioavailability (88.0‑95.8%), whereas SAMC is not detected in the plasma after oral administration. Orally administered SAC and S1PC are excreted in urine in their N‑acetylated forms and ~50% of SMC is excreted as inorganic sulfur compounds, whereas SAMC immediately reacts with blood and is metabolized into volatile sulfur compounds. The present review summarizes and discusses the pharmacokinetic profiles (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) of sulfur‑containing compounds present in AGE and other garlic‑derived substances, such as allicin.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Nakamoto M, Kunimura K and Ohtani M: Pharmacokinetics of sulfur-containing compounds in aged garlic extract: <em>S</em>-Allylcysteine, <em>S</em>-1-propenylcysteine, <em>S</em>-methylcysteine, <em>S</em>-allylmercaptocysteine and others (Review). Exp Ther Med 29: 102, 2025.
APA
Nakamoto, M., Kunimura, K., & Ohtani, M. (2025). Pharmacokinetics of sulfur-containing compounds in aged garlic extract: <em>S</em>-Allylcysteine, <em>S</em>-1-propenylcysteine, <em>S</em>-methylcysteine, <em>S</em>-allylmercaptocysteine and others (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 29, 102. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12852
MLA
Nakamoto, M., Kunimura, K., Ohtani, M."Pharmacokinetics of sulfur-containing compounds in aged garlic extract: <em>S</em>-Allylcysteine, <em>S</em>-1-propenylcysteine, <em>S</em>-methylcysteine, <em>S</em>-allylmercaptocysteine and others (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29.5 (2025): 102.
Chicago
Nakamoto, M., Kunimura, K., Ohtani, M."Pharmacokinetics of sulfur-containing compounds in aged garlic extract: <em>S</em>-Allylcysteine, <em>S</em>-1-propenylcysteine, <em>S</em>-methylcysteine, <em>S</em>-allylmercaptocysteine and others (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29, no. 5 (2025): 102. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12852
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Nakamoto M, Kunimura K and Ohtani M: Pharmacokinetics of sulfur-containing compounds in aged garlic extract: <em>S</em>-Allylcysteine, <em>S</em>-1-propenylcysteine, <em>S</em>-methylcysteine, <em>S</em>-allylmercaptocysteine and others (Review). Exp Ther Med 29: 102, 2025.
APA
Nakamoto, M., Kunimura, K., & Ohtani, M. (2025). Pharmacokinetics of sulfur-containing compounds in aged garlic extract: <em>S</em>-Allylcysteine, <em>S</em>-1-propenylcysteine, <em>S</em>-methylcysteine, <em>S</em>-allylmercaptocysteine and others (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 29, 102. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12852
MLA
Nakamoto, M., Kunimura, K., Ohtani, M."Pharmacokinetics of sulfur-containing compounds in aged garlic extract: <em>S</em>-Allylcysteine, <em>S</em>-1-propenylcysteine, <em>S</em>-methylcysteine, <em>S</em>-allylmercaptocysteine and others (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29.5 (2025): 102.
Chicago
Nakamoto, M., Kunimura, K., Ohtani, M."Pharmacokinetics of sulfur-containing compounds in aged garlic extract: <em>S</em>-Allylcysteine, <em>S</em>-1-propenylcysteine, <em>S</em>-methylcysteine, <em>S</em>-allylmercaptocysteine and others (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 29, no. 5 (2025): 102. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12852
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