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No increased risk of hepatic enzyme abnormalities with non‑peptidic thrombopoietin receptor agonists in immune thrombocytopenia: A meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials

  • Authors:
    • Nan Shen
    • Rang Wu
    • Tiantian Lu
    • Song Liu
    • Yazhou Jiang
    • Jingjing Yan
    • Tao Ning
    • Chang Dong
    • Jianqin Li
    • Suyue Zhu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Shen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 66
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    Published online on: January 9, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13061
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Abstract

Non‑peptidic thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO‑RAs), including eltrombopag, avatrombopag and hetrombopag, are used as second‑line therapies for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, concerns regarding their hepatic safety persist. The present study conducted a meta‑analysis by searching PubMed, Web of Science and the Chinese Medical Association Journal Database for randomized controlled trials evaluating non‑peptidic TPO‑RAs in ITP that reported hepatic enzyme outcomes, specifically alanine aminotransferase and/or aspartate aminotransferase. The present meta‑analysis therefore assessed data from 13 randomized controlled trials involving 1,480 patients (1,034 in the intervention arm and 446 in the control arm) to evaluate the risk of hepatic enzyme abnormalities associated with these aforementioned agents. The results revealed that non‑peptidic TPO‑RAs did not significantly increase the incidence of hepatic enzyme elevation events in the intervention group compared with that in the control group [odds ratio (OR)=1.30; 95% CI, 0.82‑2.07; P=0.27]. The risk of hepatic enzyme elevation events in patients receiving TPO‑RAs remained non‑significant when analyses were restricted to studies with a treatment duration of ≥6 weeks (OR=1.28; 95% CI: 0.78‑2.08; P=0.33), to studies that exclusively enrolled adults (OR=1.24; 95% CI, 0.77‑1.99; P=0.37, and to studies reporting severe transaminase elevations defined as ≥3 times the upper limit of that considered normal (OR=1.66; 95% CI, 0.59‑4.65; P=0.34). Subgroup analyses also showed no significant increase in hepatic enzyme elevation events with eltrombopag (OR=1.68; 95% CI, 0.93‑3.04; P=0.09), avatrombopag (OR=0.88; 95% CI, 0.09‑8.46; P=0.91) or hetrombopag (OR=1.04; 95% CI, 0.30‑3.65; P=0.95). These findings suggest that non‑peptidic TPO‑RAs did not significantly increase the incidence of hepatic enzyme elevation events in patients with ITP compared with that in controls and support their continued clinical use with appropriate liver function monitoring. The present meta‑analysis was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration no. CRD420251084782).

View Figures

Figure 1

Flow diagram of study selection and
inclusion process.

Figure 2

Risk of bias assessment using the
Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. (A) Risk of bias
graph and (B) risk of bias summary. +, low rise of bias; -, high
risk of bias, ?; unclear risk of bias.

Figure 3

Forest plot of hepatic enzyme
elevation events with non-peptidic TPO-RAs. TPO-RA, thrombopoietin
receptor agonist; M-H, Mantel-Haenszel.

Figure 4

Forest plot of hepatic enzyme
elevation events in patients treated for ≥6 weeks. TPO-RA,
thrombopoietin receptor agonist; M-H, Mantel-Haenszel.

Figure 5

Forest plot of hepatic enzyme
elevation events in adult patients. TPO-RA, thrombopoietin receptor
agonist; M-H, Mantel-Haenszel.

Figure 6

Subgroup analysis of hepatic enzyme
elevation events by individual non-peptidic TPO-RAs. TPO-RA,
thrombopoietin receptor agonist; M-H, Mantel-Haenszel.

Figure 7

Forest plot of severe transaminase
elevation events (≥3 times the upper limit of normal) with
non-peptidic TPO-RAs. TPO-RA, thrombopoietin receptor agonist; M-H,
Mantel-Haenszel.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Shen N, Wu R, Lu T, Liu S, Jiang Y, Yan J, Ning T, Dong C, Li J, Zhu S, Zhu S, et al: <p>No increased risk of hepatic enzyme abnormalities with non‑peptidic thrombopoietin receptor agonists in immune thrombocytopenia: A meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials</p>. Exp Ther Med 31: 66, 2026.
APA
Shen, N., Wu, R., Lu, T., Liu, S., Jiang, Y., Yan, J. ... Zhu, S. (2026). <p>No increased risk of hepatic enzyme abnormalities with non‑peptidic thrombopoietin receptor agonists in immune thrombocytopenia: A meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials</p>. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 66. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13061
MLA
Shen, N., Wu, R., Lu, T., Liu, S., Jiang, Y., Yan, J., Ning, T., Dong, C., Li, J., Zhu, S."<p>No increased risk of hepatic enzyme abnormalities with non‑peptidic thrombopoietin receptor agonists in immune thrombocytopenia: A meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.3 (2026): 66.
Chicago
Shen, N., Wu, R., Lu, T., Liu, S., Jiang, Y., Yan, J., Ning, T., Dong, C., Li, J., Zhu, S."<p>No increased risk of hepatic enzyme abnormalities with non‑peptidic thrombopoietin receptor agonists in immune thrombocytopenia: A meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 3 (2026): 66. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13061
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Shen N, Wu R, Lu T, Liu S, Jiang Y, Yan J, Ning T, Dong C, Li J, Zhu S, Zhu S, et al: <p>No increased risk of hepatic enzyme abnormalities with non‑peptidic thrombopoietin receptor agonists in immune thrombocytopenia: A meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials</p>. Exp Ther Med 31: 66, 2026.
APA
Shen, N., Wu, R., Lu, T., Liu, S., Jiang, Y., Yan, J. ... Zhu, S. (2026). <p>No increased risk of hepatic enzyme abnormalities with non‑peptidic thrombopoietin receptor agonists in immune thrombocytopenia: A meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials</p>. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 31, 66. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13061
MLA
Shen, N., Wu, R., Lu, T., Liu, S., Jiang, Y., Yan, J., Ning, T., Dong, C., Li, J., Zhu, S."<p>No increased risk of hepatic enzyme abnormalities with non‑peptidic thrombopoietin receptor agonists in immune thrombocytopenia: A meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31.3 (2026): 66.
Chicago
Shen, N., Wu, R., Lu, T., Liu, S., Jiang, Y., Yan, J., Ning, T., Dong, C., Li, J., Zhu, S."<p>No increased risk of hepatic enzyme abnormalities with non‑peptidic thrombopoietin receptor agonists in immune thrombocytopenia: A meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials</p>". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 31, no. 3 (2026): 66. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2026.13061
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