Olfactomedin 4 (GW112, hGC-1) is an independent prognostic marker for survival in patients with colorectal cancer

Seko,Naotsugu; Oue,Naohide; Noguchi,Tsuyoshi; Sentani,Kazuhiro; Sakamoto,Naoya; Hinoi,Takao; Okajima,Masazumi; Yasui,Wataru

doi:10.3892/etm_00000013

January-February 2010 Volume 1 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

January-February 2010 Volume 1 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Article

Olfactomedin 4 (GW112, hGC-1) is an independent prognostic marker for survival in patients with colorectal cancer

Authors:
- Naotsugu Seko
- Naohide Oue
- Tsuyoshi Noguchi
- Kazuhiro Sentani
- Naoya Sakamoto
- Takao Hinoi
- Masazumi Okajima
- Wataru Yasui
View Affiliations / Copyright

Affiliations: Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
Pages: 73-78
|
Published online on: January 1, 2010

https://doi.org/10.3892/etm_00000013
Expand metrics +

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. We previously performed Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) on four primary gastric cancer samples and identified several gastric cancer-specific genes. Of these genes, olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4, also known as GW112 or hGC-1) is a candidate gene for cancer-specific expression. In the present study, we examined the expression and distribution of olfactomedin 4 in CRC by immunohistochemistry. Of the 176 CRC cases, 59 (34%) were positive for cytoplasmic staining of olfactomedin 4. Olfactomedin 4-positive CRC cases showed earlier T classification (P=0.0180), N classification (P=0.0149) and stage (P=0.0144) than olfactomedin 4-negative CRC cases. In the 176 CRC patients, those with olfactomedin 4-positive CRC had a better survival rate than patients with olfactomedin 4-negative CRC (P=0.0092). Multivariate analysis indicated that T classification, M classification and negative olfactomedin 4 expression were independent predictors of survival in patients with CRC. In addition to cytoplasmic staining of olfactomedin 4, stromal staining at the invasive front was observed. In total, 29 (16%) of the 176 CRC cases were positive for stromal olfactomedin 4; however, stromal olfactomedin 4 staining was not correlated with any clinicopathologic characteristic or with patient survival. These results indicate that olfactomedin 4 is a valuable marker for long-term survival in patients with CRC.

View Figures

View References

1	Popat S, Hubner R and Houlston RS: Systematic review of microsatellite instability and colorectal cancer prognosis. J Clin Oncol. 23:609–618. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Oue N, Kuniyasu H, Noguchi T, et al: Serum concentration of Reg IV in patients with colorectal cancer: overexpression and high serum levels of Reg IV are associated with liver metastasis. Oncology. 72:371–380. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Kobayashi T, Hino S, Oue N, Asahara T, Zollo M, Yasui W and Kikuchi A: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 and h-prune regulate cell migration by modulating focal adhesions. Mol Cell Biol. 26:898–911. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Oue N, Hamai Y, Mitani Y, et al: Gene expression profile of gastric carcinoma: identification of genes and tags potentially involved in invasion, metastasis and carcinogenesis by serial analysis of gene expression. Cancer Res. 64:2397–2405. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar
5	Aung PP, Oue N, Mitani Y, et al: Systematic search for gastric cancer-specific genes based on SAGE data: melanoma inhibitory activity and matrix metalloproteinase-10 are novel prognostic factors in patients with gastric cancer. Oncogene. 25:2546–2557. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar
6	Zhang J, Liu WL, Tang DC, et al: Identification and characterization of a novel member of olfactomedin-related protein family, hGC-1, expressed during myeloid lineage development. Gene. 283:83–93. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Zhang X, Huang Q, Yang Z, Li Y and Li CY: GW112, a novel antiapoptotic protein that promotes tumor growth. Cancer Res. 64:2474–2481. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Liu W, Zhu J, Cao L and Rodgers GP: Expression of hGC-1 is correlated with differentiation of gastric carcinoma. Histopathology. 51:157–165. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Oue N, Sentani K, Noguchi T, et al: Serum olfactomedin 4 (GW112, hGC-1) in combination with Reg IV is a highly sensitive biomarker for gastric cancer patients. Int J Cancer. 125:2383–2392. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Koshida S, Kobayashi D, Moriai R, Tsuji N and Watanabe N: Specific overexpression of OLFM4 (GW112/HGC-1) mRNA in colon, breast and lung cancer tissues detected using quantitative analysis. Cancer Sci. 98:315–320. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Conrotto P, Roesli C, Rybak J, et al: Identification of new accessible tumor antigens in human colon cancer by ex vivo protein biotinylation and comparative mass spectrometry analysis. Int J Cancer. 123:2856–2864. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Van der Flier LG, Haegebarth A, Stange DE, van de Wetering M and Clevers H: OLFM4 is a robust marker for stem cells in human intestine and marks a subset of colorectal cancer cells. Gastroenterology. 137:15–17. 2009.PubMed/NCBI
13	Liu W, Liu Y, Zhu J, Wright E, Ding I and Rodgers GP: Reduced hGC-1 protein expression is associated with malignant progression of colon carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 14:1041–1049. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Sobin LH and Wittekind CH: TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors. 6th edition. Wiley-Liss; New York: pp. 65–68. 2002
15	Mantel N: Evaluation of survival data and two new rank order statistics arising in its consideration. Cancer Chemother Rep. 50:163–170. 1966.PubMed/NCBI
16	Hanahan D and Weinberg RA: The hallmarks of cancer. Cell. 100:57–70. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar
17	Kurokawa S, Arimura Y, Yamamoto H, et al: Tumour matrilysin expression predicts metastatic potential of stage I (pT1) colon and rectal cancers. Gut. 54:1751–1758. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	Takaoka M, Naomoto Y, Ohkawa T, et al: Heparanase expression correlates with invasion and poor prognosis in gastric cancers. Lab Invest. 83:613–622. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Kuniyasu H, Yasui W, Shinohara H, et al: Induction of angiogenesis by hyperplastic colonic mucosa adjacent to colon cancer. Am J Pathol. 157:1523–1535. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20	Shinozaki S, Nakamura T, Iimura M, et al: Upregulation of Reg 1 alpha and GW112 in the epithelium of inflamed colonic mucosa. Gut. 48:623–629. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Oncology

Molecular Medicine Reports

Oncology Reports

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Oncology Letters

Biomedical Reports

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

World Academy of Sciences Journal

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Epigenetics

Medicine International

Olfactomedin 4 (GW112, hGC-1) is an independent prognostic marker for survival in patients with colorectal cancer

This article is mentioned in:

Abstract

Figure 1

Figure 2

Related Articles