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Article

Alterations in the Th1/Th2 balance in breast cancer patients using reflexology and scalp massage

  • Authors:
    • Victoria L. Green
    • Afroditi Alexandropoulou
    • Mary B. Walker
    • Andrew A. Walker
    • Donald M. Sharp
    • Leslie G. Walker
    • John Greenman
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. v.l.green@hull.ac.uk
  • Pages: 97-108
    |
    Published online on: January 1, 2010
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm_00000018
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Abstract

The diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer can adversely affect quality of life. Here the aim was to determine the effects of reflexology on host defences and endocrine function in women with early breast cancer. Six weeks after surgery for early breast cancer, 183 women were randomly assigned to self-initiated support (SIS), SIS plus foot reflexology, or SIS plus scalp massage. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum were isolated at T1 (6 weeks post surgery; baseline), T2 and T3 (4 and 10 weeks post completion of intervention, respectively). Lymphocyte phenotyping found that CD25+ cells were significantly higher in the massage group compared with the SIS group at T3. The percentage of T cells, and more specifically the T helper subset expressing IL4, decreased significantly in the massage group compared with the SIS group at T3. This change was accompanied by an increase in the percentage of CD8+ T cytotoxic cells expressing IFNγ in the massage group. Natural killer and lymphokine activated killer cell cytotoxicity measurements, serum levels of cortisol, prolactin and growth hormone, and flow cytometric assessment of their corresponding receptors all revealed no significant differences between the three groups of patients. This study provides evidence that the immunological balance of patients can be altered in a potentially beneficial manner by massage. The original trial was registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Registry (ISRCTN87652313).
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Green VL, Alexandropoulou A, Walker MB, Walker AA, Sharp DM, Walker LG and Greenman J: Alterations in the Th1/Th2 balance in breast cancer patients using reflexology and scalp massage . Exp Ther Med 1: 97-108, 2010.
APA
Green, V.L., Alexandropoulou, A., Walker, M.B., Walker, A.A., Sharp, D.M., Walker, L.G., & Greenman, J. (2010). Alterations in the Th1/Th2 balance in breast cancer patients using reflexology and scalp massage . Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 1, 97-108. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm_00000018
MLA
Green, V. L., Alexandropoulou, A., Walker, M. B., Walker, A. A., Sharp, D. M., Walker, L. G., Greenman, J."Alterations in the Th1/Th2 balance in breast cancer patients using reflexology and scalp massage ". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 1.1 (2010): 97-108.
Chicago
Green, V. L., Alexandropoulou, A., Walker, M. B., Walker, A. A., Sharp, D. M., Walker, L. G., Greenman, J."Alterations in the Th1/Th2 balance in breast cancer patients using reflexology and scalp massage ". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 1, no. 1 (2010): 97-108. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm_00000018
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Green VL, Alexandropoulou A, Walker MB, Walker AA, Sharp DM, Walker LG and Greenman J: Alterations in the Th1/Th2 balance in breast cancer patients using reflexology and scalp massage . Exp Ther Med 1: 97-108, 2010.
APA
Green, V.L., Alexandropoulou, A., Walker, M.B., Walker, A.A., Sharp, D.M., Walker, L.G., & Greenman, J. (2010). Alterations in the Th1/Th2 balance in breast cancer patients using reflexology and scalp massage . Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 1, 97-108. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm_00000018
MLA
Green, V. L., Alexandropoulou, A., Walker, M. B., Walker, A. A., Sharp, D. M., Walker, L. G., Greenman, J."Alterations in the Th1/Th2 balance in breast cancer patients using reflexology and scalp massage ". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 1.1 (2010): 97-108.
Chicago
Green, V. L., Alexandropoulou, A., Walker, M. B., Walker, A. A., Sharp, D. M., Walker, L. G., Greenman, J."Alterations in the Th1/Th2 balance in breast cancer patients using reflexology and scalp massage ". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 1, no. 1 (2010): 97-108. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm_00000018
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