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Biological mechanisms underlying depression, epigenetics and their interplay (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Thanasis Mitsis
    • Eleni Papakonstantinou
    • Dimitrios Vlachakis
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    Affiliations: Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
    Copyright: © Mitsis et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 3
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    Published online on: June 7, 2023
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ije.2023.17
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Abstract

Depression is a prevalent mood disorder that heavily affects the quality of life of affected individuals. The pathogenesis of depression is relatively complex, with the existing hypotheses focusing on alterations in monoamine signaling, the dysfunction of the hypothalamus‑pituitary‑adrenal glands axis, and a deregulated immune response. Moreover, the effectiveness of currently used pharmacotherapy, which is mostly based on the monoamine hypothesis, is not satisfactory. The study of epigenetics, i.e., heritable, and stable structural and biochemical alterations of the chromosome that are not associated with DNA sequence alterations, may help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying depression and the response of patients to antidepressants. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation by non‑coding RNAs appear to affect the disease pathogenesis and appear to play a crucial role in the functions of antidepressants. Therefore, research on the influence of epigenetics on depression may prove to be fruitful. The present review aims to accumulate all known information regarding the biological mechanisms underlying depression, epigenetics and the response of patients to antidepressants.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Mitsis T, Papakonstantinou E and Vlachakis D: Biological mechanisms underlying depression, epigenetics and their interplay (Review). Int J Epigen 3: 3, 2023.
APA
Mitsis, T., Papakonstantinou, E., & Vlachakis, D. (2023). Biological mechanisms underlying depression, epigenetics and their interplay (Review). International Journal of Epigenetics, 3, 3. https://doi.org/10.3892/ije.2023.17
MLA
Mitsis, T., Papakonstantinou, E., Vlachakis, D."Biological mechanisms underlying depression, epigenetics and their interplay (Review)". International Journal of Epigenetics 3.1 (2023): 3.
Chicago
Mitsis, T., Papakonstantinou, E., Vlachakis, D."Biological mechanisms underlying depression, epigenetics and their interplay (Review)". International Journal of Epigenetics 3, no. 1 (2023): 3. https://doi.org/10.3892/ije.2023.17
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Mitsis T, Papakonstantinou E and Vlachakis D: Biological mechanisms underlying depression, epigenetics and their interplay (Review). Int J Epigen 3: 3, 2023.
APA
Mitsis, T., Papakonstantinou, E., & Vlachakis, D. (2023). Biological mechanisms underlying depression, epigenetics and their interplay (Review). International Journal of Epigenetics, 3, 3. https://doi.org/10.3892/ije.2023.17
MLA
Mitsis, T., Papakonstantinou, E., Vlachakis, D."Biological mechanisms underlying depression, epigenetics and their interplay (Review)". International Journal of Epigenetics 3.1 (2023): 3.
Chicago
Mitsis, T., Papakonstantinou, E., Vlachakis, D."Biological mechanisms underlying depression, epigenetics and their interplay (Review)". International Journal of Epigenetics 3, no. 1 (2023): 3. https://doi.org/10.3892/ije.2023.17
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