Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Functional Nutrition
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2634-7989 Online ISSN: 2634-7237
Journal Cover
January-December 2025 Volume 6 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-December 2025 Volume 6 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Effects of omega‑3‑ and omega‑6‑rich high‑fat diets on skeletal muscle protein degradation signaling in glucocorticoid‑treated mice

  • Authors:
    • Katie Brown
    • Aaron Persinger
    • Ashley Pryke
    • Jason Lin
    • Noah Wallace
    • Daniel Chizhikov
    • Melissa Puppa
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
    Copyright: © Brown et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 4
    |
    Published online on: February 24, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2025.45
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Omega‑3 polyunsaturated fatty acids elicit beneficial effects in several muscle atrophy conditions; however, little is known about the effects of changing the ratio of omega‑3s in high‑fat diet feeding coupled with glucocorticoid treatment. The present study sought to determine whether a high‑fat diet rich in n‑3 is protective of glucocorticoid‑induced protein degradation. For this purpose, male wild‑type C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups as follows: n‑6 (45% fat, 177.5 g lard) and n‑3 (45% fat, 177.5 g Menhaden oil). Following a period of 4 weeks on their diets, the mice in the groups were divided to receive either daily injections of dexamethasone (Dex; 3 mg/kg/day) or sterile PBS, for 1 week while continuing the diets. Dex reduced gastrocnemius weight by 12% independently of diet. Protein degradation signaling was altered by Dex with an increased expression of atrogin‑1, the decreased phosphorylation of forkhead box O3, the increased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase‑3β, and the increased expression of myostatin and the muscle RING‑finger protein‑1 gene in red, but not white gastrocnemius muscle. However, the negative effects of Dex were not prevented by an n‑3 high‑fat diet. On the whole, these data support the detrimental effects of Dex on muscle atrophy and report mild benefits of an n‑3 high‑fat diet.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Wolfe RR: The underappreciated role of muscle in health and disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 84:475–482. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Sandri M: Protein breakdown in muscle wasting: Role of autophagy-lysosome and ubiquitin-proteasome. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 45:2121–2129. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Jeromson S, Gallagher IJ, Galloway SD and Hamilton DL: Omega-3 fatty acids and skeletal muscle health. Mar Drugs. 13:6977–7004. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Fappi A, Godoy TS, Maximino JR, Rizzato VR, Neves Jde C, Chadi G and Zanoteli E: The effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. Biomed Res Int. 2014(961438)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Schakman O, Kalista S, Barbe C, Loumaye A and Thissen JP: Glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 45:2163–2172. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Bodine SC, Latres E, Baumhueter S, Lai VK, Nunez L, Clarke BA, Poueymirou WT, Panaro FJ, Na E, Dharmarajan K, et al: Identification of ubiquitin ligases required for skeletal muscle atrophy. Science. 294:1704–1708. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Braun TP and Marks DL: The regulation of muscle mass by endogenous glucocorticoids. Front Physiol. 6(12)2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

McGlory C, Calder PC and Nunes EA: The influence of omega-3 fatty acids on skeletal muscle protein turnover in health, disuse, and disease. Front Nutr. 6(144)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Auvinen HE, Coomans CP, Boon MR, Romijn JA, Biermasz NR, Meijer OC, Havekes LM, Smit JW, Rensen PC and Pereira AM: Glucocorticoid excess induces long-lasting changes in body composition in male C57Bl/6J mice only with high-fat diet. Physiol Rep. 1(e00103)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Gingras AA, White PJ, Chouinard PY, Julien P, Davis TA, Dombrowski L, Couture Y, Dubreuil P, Myre A, Bergeron K, et al: Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids regulate bovine whole-body protein metabolism by promoting muscle insulin signalling to the Akt-mTOR-S6K1 pathway and insulin sensitivity. J Physiol. 579 (Pt 1):269–284. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Kamolrat T and Gray SR: The effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid on protein synthesis and breakdown in murine C2C12 myotubes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 432:593–598. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Khal J and Tisdale MJ: Downregulation of muscle protein degradation in sepsis by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 375:238–240. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Liu Y, Chen F, Odle J, Lin X, Zhu H, Shi H, Hou Y and Yin J: Fish oil increases muscle protein mass and modulates Akt/FOXO, TLR4, and NOD signaling in weanling piglets after lipopolysaccharide challenge. J Nutr. 143:1331–1339. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Murphy RA, Mourtzakis M, Chu QS, Baracos VE, Reiman T and Mazurak VC: Nutritional intervention with fish oil provides a benefit over standard of care for weight and skeletal muscle mass in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy. Cancer. 117:1775–1782. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Ryan AM, Reynolds JV, Healy L, Byrne M, Moore J, Brannelly N, McHugh A, McCormack D and Flood P: Enteral nutrition enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) preserves lean body mass following esophageal cancer surgery: Results of a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 249:355–363. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Smith GI, Atherton P, Reeds DN, Mohammed BS, Rankin D, Rennie MJ and Mittendorfer B: Dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation increases the rate of muscle protein synthesis in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 93:402–412. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Smith GI, Julliand S, Reeds DN, Sinacore DR, Klein S and Mittendorfer B: Fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA therapy increases muscle mass and function in healthy older adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 102:115–122. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

You JS, Park MN, Song W and Lee YS: Dietary fish oil alleviates soleus atrophy during immobilization in association with Akt signaling to p70s6k and E3 ubiquitin ligases in rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 35:310–318. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Castillero E, Martin AI, Lopez-Menduina M, Villanua MA and Lopez-Calderon A: Eicosapentaenoic acid attenuates arthritis-induced muscle wasting acting on atrogin-1 and on myogenic regulatory factors. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 297:R1322–R1331. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Lee JM, Lee H, Kang S and Park WJ: Fatty Acid desaturases, polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation, and biotechnological advances. Nutrients. 8(23)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Murphy RA, Mourtzakis M and Mazurak VC: n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: The potential role for supplementation in cancer. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 15:246–251. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Beck SA, Smith KL and Tisdale MJ: Anticachectic and antitumor effect of eicosapentaenoic acid and its effect on protein turnover. Cancer Res. 51:6089–6093. 1991.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Magee P, Pearson S and Allen J: The omega-3 fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), prevents the damaging effects of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha during murine skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Lipids Health Dis. 7(24)2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Whitehouse AS and Tisdale MJ: Downregulation of ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis by eicosapentaenoic acid in acute starvation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 285:598–602. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Taheri M, Chilibeck PD and Cornish SM: A brief narrative review of the underlying mechanisms whereby omega-3 fatty acids may influence skeletal muscle: From cell culture to human interventions. Nutrients. 15(2926)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Robinson LE, Buchholz AC and Mazurak VC: Inflammation, obesity, and fatty acid metabolism: influence of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on factors contributing to metabolic syndrome. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 32:1008–1024. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Ruxton CH, Reed SC, Simpson MJ and Millington KJ: The health benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: A review of the evidence. J Hum Nutr Diet. 17:449–459. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Buettner R, Scholmerich J and Bollheimer LC: High-fat diets: Modeling the metabolic disorders of human obesity in rodents. Obesity (Silver Spring). 15:798–808. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Cordain L, Eaton SB, Sebastian A, Mann N, Lindeberg S, Watkins BA, O'Keefe JH and Brand-Miller J: Origins and evolution of the Western diet: Health implications for the 21st century. Am J Clin Nutr. 81:341–354. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Simopoulos AP, Leaf A and Salem N Jr: Workshop on the essentiality of and recommended dietary intakes for omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. J Am Coll Nutr. 18:487–489. 1999.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Mark PJ, Wyrwoll CS, Zulkafli IS, Mori TA and Waddell BJ: Rescue of glucocorticoid-programmed adipocyte inflammation by omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in the rat. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 12(39)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Son W, Brown K, Persinger A, Pryke A, Lin J, Powell Z, Wallace N, van der Merwe M and Puppa M: Effect of omega-3 rich high-fat diet on markers of tissue lipid metabolism in glucocorticoid-treated mice. Int J Mol Sci. 24(11492)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Hill JL, Wyman JM, Godwin SM, Beech LA, Buddington RM, Sutter TR, Ringwald-Smith K and van der Merw M: Dietary omega-3 fatty acids reduce adiposity and alter glucocorticoid-associated transcripts in epididymal white adipose tissue of C57BL/6 male mice raised on a high fat diet. J Obes Chronic Dis. 4:13–22. 2020.

34 

Fappi A, Neves JC, Kawasaki KA, Bacelar L, Sanches LN, P da Silva F, Larina-Neto R, Chadi G and Zanoteli E: Omega-3 multiple effects increasing glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy: autophagic, AMPK and UPS mechanisms. Physiol Rep. 7(e13966)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Savas M, Wester VL, Staufenbiel SM, Koper JW, van den Akker ELT, Visser JA, van der Lely AJ, Penninx BWJH and van Rossum EFC: Systematic evaluation of corticosteroid use in obese and non-obese individuals: A multi-cohort study. Int J Med Sci. 14:615–621. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Lidster K, Owen K, Browne WJ and Prescott MJ: Cage aggression in group-housed laboratory male mice: An international data crowdsourcing project. Sci Rep. 9(15211)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Gilson H, Schakman O, Combaret L, Lause P, Grobet L, Attaix D, Ketelslegers JM and Thissen JP: Myostatin gene deletion prevents glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy. Endocrinology. 148:452–460. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Weber EM, Zidar J, Ewaldsson B, Askevik K, Udén E, Svensk E and Törnqvist E: Aggression in group-housed male mice: A systematic review. Animals (Basel). 13(143)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Bradford MM: A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 72:248–254. 1976.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Baltgalvis KA, Berger FG, Pena MM, Mark Davis J, White JP and Carson JA: Activity level, apoptosis, and development of cachexia in Apc(Min/+) mice. J Appl Physiol (1985). 109:1155–1161. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Therdyothin A, Phiphopthatsanee N and Isanejad M: The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on sarcopenia: Mechanism of action and potential efficacy. Mar Drugs. 21(399)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Abrigo J, Rivera JC, Aravena J, Cabrera D, Simon F, Ezquer F, Ezquer M and Cabello-Verrugio C: High fat diet-induced skeletal muscle wasting is decreased by mesenchymal stem cells administration: Implications on oxidative stress, ubiquitin proteasome pathway activation, and myonuclear apoptosis. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016(9047821)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Sishi B, Loos B, Ellis B, Smith W, du Toit EF and Engelbrecht AM: Diet-induced obesity alters signalling pathways and induces atrophy and apoptosis in skeletal muscle in a prediabetic rat model. Exp Physiol. 96:179–193. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Bodine SC and Furlow JD: Glucocorticoids and skeletal muscle. Adv Exp Med Biol. 872:145–176. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Bass JJ, Hardy EJO, Inns TB, Wilkinson DJ, Piasecki M, Morris RH, Spicer A, Sale C, Smith K, Atherton PJ and Phillips BE: Atrophy resistant vs. atrophy susceptible skeletal muscles: ‘aRaS’ as a novel experimental paradigm to study the mechanisms of human disuse atrophy. Front Physiol. 12(653060)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Smith GI, Atherton P, Reeds DN, Mohammed BS, Rankin D, Rennie MJ and Mittendorfer B: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids augment the muscle protein anabolic response to hyperinsulinaemia-hyperaminoacidaemia in healthy young and middle-aged men and women. Clin Sci (Lond). 121:267–278. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Therdyothin A, Prokopidis K, Galli F, Witard OC and Isanejad M: The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on muscle and whole-body protein synthesis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 83:e131–e143. 2025.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

49 

Bhatt BA, Dube JJ, Dedousis N, Reider JA and O'Doherty RM: Diet-induced obesity and acute hyperlipidemia reduce IkappaBalpha levels in rat skeletal muscle in a fiber-type dependent manner. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 290:R233–R240. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Witard OC, Banic M, Rodriguez-Sanchez N, van Dijk M and Galloway SDR: Long-chain n-3 PUFA ingestion for the stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in healthy older adults. Proc Nutr Soc: Nov 21, 2023 (Epub ahead of print).

51 

Lopez-Seoane J, Martinez-Ferran M, Romero-Morales C and Pareja-Galeano H: N-3 PUFA as an ergogenic supplement modulating muscle hypertrophy and strength: A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 62:9000–9020. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

52 

Lopez-Seoane J, Jimenez SL, Del Coso J and Pareja-Galeano H: Muscle hypertrophy induced by N-3 PUFA supplementation in absence of exercise: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 63:6536–6546. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Shimizu N, Yoshikawa N, Ito N, Maruyama T, Suzuki Y, Takeda S, Nakae J, Tagata Y, Nishitani S, Takehana K, et al: Crosstalk between glucocorticoid receptor and nutritional sensor mTOR in skeletal muscle. Cell Metab. 13:170–182. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

54 

Wang H, Kubica N, Ellisen LW, Jefferson LS and Kimball SR: Dexamethasone represses signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin in muscle cells by enhancing expression of REDD1. J Biol Chem. 281:39128–39134. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

55 

Horak P, Crawford AR, Vadysirisack DD, Nash ZM, DeYoung MP, Sgroi D and Ellisen LW: Negative feedback control of HIF-1 through REDD1-regulated ROS suppresses tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107:4675–4680. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

56 

Williamson DL, Li Z, Tuder RM, Feinstein E, Kimball SR and Dungan CM: Altered nutrient response of mTORC1 as a result of changes in REDD1 expression: Effect of obesity vs. REDD1 deficiency. J Appl Physiol (1985). 117:246–256. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

57 

Britto FA, Begue G, Rossano B, Docquier A, Vernus B, Sar C, Ferry A, Bonnieu A, Ollendorff V and Favier FB: REDD1 deletion prevents dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 307:E983–E993. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

58 

Wang R, Jiao H, Zhao J, Wang X and Lin H: Glucocorticoids enhance muscle proteolysis through a myostatin-dependent pathway at the early stage. PLoS One. 11(e0156225)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Brown K, Persinger A, Pryke A, Lin J, Wallace N, Chizhikov D and Puppa M: Effects of omega‑3‑ and omega‑6‑rich high‑fat diets on skeletal muscle protein degradation signaling in glucocorticoid‑treated mice. Int J Funct Nutr 6: 4, 2025.
APA
Brown, K., Persinger, A., Pryke, A., Lin, J., Wallace, N., Chizhikov, D., & Puppa, M. (2025). Effects of omega‑3‑ and omega‑6‑rich high‑fat diets on skeletal muscle protein degradation signaling in glucocorticoid‑treated mice. International Journal of Functional Nutrition, 6, 4. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2025.45
MLA
Brown, K., Persinger, A., Pryke, A., Lin, J., Wallace, N., Chizhikov, D., Puppa, M."Effects of omega‑3‑ and omega‑6‑rich high‑fat diets on skeletal muscle protein degradation signaling in glucocorticoid‑treated mice". International Journal of Functional Nutrition 6.1 (2025): 4.
Chicago
Brown, K., Persinger, A., Pryke, A., Lin, J., Wallace, N., Chizhikov, D., Puppa, M."Effects of omega‑3‑ and omega‑6‑rich high‑fat diets on skeletal muscle protein degradation signaling in glucocorticoid‑treated mice". International Journal of Functional Nutrition 6, no. 1 (2025): 4. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2025.45
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Brown K, Persinger A, Pryke A, Lin J, Wallace N, Chizhikov D and Puppa M: Effects of omega‑3‑ and omega‑6‑rich high‑fat diets on skeletal muscle protein degradation signaling in glucocorticoid‑treated mice. Int J Funct Nutr 6: 4, 2025.
APA
Brown, K., Persinger, A., Pryke, A., Lin, J., Wallace, N., Chizhikov, D., & Puppa, M. (2025). Effects of omega‑3‑ and omega‑6‑rich high‑fat diets on skeletal muscle protein degradation signaling in glucocorticoid‑treated mice. International Journal of Functional Nutrition, 6, 4. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2025.45
MLA
Brown, K., Persinger, A., Pryke, A., Lin, J., Wallace, N., Chizhikov, D., Puppa, M."Effects of omega‑3‑ and omega‑6‑rich high‑fat diets on skeletal muscle protein degradation signaling in glucocorticoid‑treated mice". International Journal of Functional Nutrition 6.1 (2025): 4.
Chicago
Brown, K., Persinger, A., Pryke, A., Lin, J., Wallace, N., Chizhikov, D., Puppa, M."Effects of omega‑3‑ and omega‑6‑rich high‑fat diets on skeletal muscle protein degradation signaling in glucocorticoid‑treated mice". International Journal of Functional Nutrition 6, no. 1 (2025): 4. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2025.45
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team