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International Journal of Molecular Medicine
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Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
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September 2007 Volume 20 Issue 3

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International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

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International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

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Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

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Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

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Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

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Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

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Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

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Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

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Review Open Access

Proinflammatory circulating molecules in peripheral arterial disease (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Salvatore S. Signorelli
    • Maria C. Mazzarino
    • Demetrios A. Spandidos
    • Grazia Malaponte

  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology Unit, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
  • Pages: 279-286
    |
    Published online on: September 1, 2007
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.20.3.279
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Abstract

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects about 5% of the elderly population in the western world. It has been reported that PAD is associated with elevated plasma levels of the inflammatory markers. The goal of this review is to describe which proinflammatory molecules may play a role in PAD development, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, pro-inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinases have been reported to be involved. High serum levels of both C-reactive protein and fibrinogen have been shown to be significantly associated with increasing severity of PAD. Among cytokines, IL-6 is one of the most studied in PAD. IL-6 is well recognized for its role in the acute phase inflammatory response which is characterized by production of a variety of hepatic proteins termed acute phase proteins. It has been shown that increased serum concentrations of several markers of the acute response, including IL-6, are elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes. These patients have a two-fold risk of PAD compared to those without type 2 diabetes. The G(-174)C IL-6 polymorphism has been suggested to influence IL-6 release, and its possible influence on PAD development among individuals with type 2 diabetes is discussed in this review. Futher study of these molecules is justified as they appear to be involved in the development of PAD.

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Signorelli SS, Mazzarino MC, Spandidos DA and Malaponte G: Proinflammatory circulating molecules in peripheral arterial disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 20: 279-286, 2007.
APA
Signorelli, S.S., Mazzarino, M.C., Spandidos, D.A., & Malaponte, G. (2007). Proinflammatory circulating molecules in peripheral arterial disease (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 20, 279-286. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.20.3.279
MLA
Signorelli, S. S., Mazzarino, M. C., Spandidos, D. A., Malaponte, G."Proinflammatory circulating molecules in peripheral arterial disease (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 20.3 (2007): 279-286.
Chicago
Signorelli, S. S., Mazzarino, M. C., Spandidos, D. A., Malaponte, G."Proinflammatory circulating molecules in peripheral arterial disease (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 20, no. 3 (2007): 279-286. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.20.3.279
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Signorelli SS, Mazzarino MC, Spandidos DA and Malaponte G: Proinflammatory circulating molecules in peripheral arterial disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 20: 279-286, 2007.
APA
Signorelli, S.S., Mazzarino, M.C., Spandidos, D.A., & Malaponte, G. (2007). Proinflammatory circulating molecules in peripheral arterial disease (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 20, 279-286. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.20.3.279
MLA
Signorelli, S. S., Mazzarino, M. C., Spandidos, D. A., Malaponte, G."Proinflammatory circulating molecules in peripheral arterial disease (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 20.3 (2007): 279-286.
Chicago
Signorelli, S. S., Mazzarino, M. C., Spandidos, D. A., Malaponte, G."Proinflammatory circulating molecules in peripheral arterial disease (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 20, no. 3 (2007): 279-286. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.20.3.279
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