Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
May 2013 Volume 31 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
May 2013 Volume 31 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Knockdown of DEPTOR induces apoptosis, increases chemosensitivity to doxorubicin and suppresses autophagy in RPMI-8226 human multiple myeloma cells in vitro

  • Authors:
    • Haoran Zhang
    • Junmin Chen
    • Zhiyong Zeng
    • Wenzhong Que
    • Linying Zhou
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China, Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1127-1134
    |
    Published online on: March 12, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1299
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

DEP domain containing mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-interacting protein (DEPTOR) is an mTOR binding protein that is overexpressed in RPMI-8226 human multiple myeloma cells, and plays an important role in maintaining cell survival. However, knowledge on the effects of DEPTOR knockdown on the biological functions of RPMI‑8226 human multiple myeloma cells, is limited. This study aimed to determine the role of DEPTOR in the proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy in these cells and to elucidate the mechanisms by which DEPTOR contributes to the chemosensitivity of myeloma cells. RNA interference was used to reduce the expression of DEPTOR. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. DEPTOR mRNA and protein expression in RPMI‑8226 cells treated with DEPTOR-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was evaluated by RT-PCR, quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. The expression of apoptosis‑associated proteins, autophagy‑associated proteins, and the activation of the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway were detected by western blot analysis. Autophagy was also measured by transmission electron microscopy and monodansylcadaverine (MDC). In this study, RPMI-8226 cells were transfected with the DEPTOR-specific shRNA, which resulted in the significant inhibition of the transcription and expression of DEPTOR. The downregulation of DEPTOR inhibited proliferation, enhanced the doxorubicin‑induced growth inhibitory effects on RPMI-8226 cells, and increased the expression of cleaved caspase‑3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Moreover, the downregulation of DEPTOR suppressed autophagy and inhibited the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling in RPMI‑8226 cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that the downregulation of DEPTOR induces apoptosis, increases chemosensitivity to doxorubicin, and suppresses autophagy and the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in RPMI‑8226 human multiple myeloma cells.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Kyle RA and Rajkumar SV: Multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 351:1860–1873. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Richardson PG, Mitsiades CS, Hideshima T and Anderson KC: Novel biological therapies for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 18:619–634. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Dimopoulos MA, San-Miguel JF and Anderson KC: Emerging therapies for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol. 86:1–15. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Duan S, Skaar JR, Kuchay S, et al: mTOR generates an auto-amplification loop by triggering the βTrCP- and CK1α-dependent degradation of DEPTOR. Mol Cell. 44:317–324. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Peterson TR, Laplante M, Thoreen CC, et al: DEPTOR is an mTOR inhibitor frequently overexpressed in multiple myeloma cells and required for their survival. Cell. 137:873–886. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Zhao Y, Xiong X and Sun Y: DEPTOR, an mTOR inhibitor, is a physiological substrate of SCF(βTrCP) E3 ubiquitin ligase and regulates survival and autophagy. Mol Cell. 44:304–316. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Morgensztern D and McLeod HL: PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as a target for cancer therapy. Anticancer Drugs. 16:797–803. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Hennessy BT, Smith DL, Ram PT, Lu Y and Mills GB: Exploiting the PI3K/AKT pathway for cancer drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 4:988–1004. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Vivanco I and Sawyers CL: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase AKT pathway in human cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2:489–501. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Wullschleger S, Loewith R and Hall MN: TOR signaling in growth and metabolism. Cell. 124:471–484. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Edinger AL and Thompson CB: Defective autophagy leads to cancer. Cancer Cell. 4:422–424. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Gozuacik D and Kimchi A: Autophagy as a cell death and tumor suppressor mechanism. Oncogene. 23:2891–2906. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Maiuri MC, Zalckvar E, Kimchi A and Kroemer G: Self-eating and selfkilling: crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 8:741–752. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Kim R, Emi M, Tanabe K, Murakami S, Uchida Y and Arihiro K: Regulation and interplay of apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death. J Pathol. 208:319–326. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Thorburn A: Apoptosis and autophagy: regulatory connections between two supposedly different processes. Apoptosis. 13:1–9. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Boya P, González-Polo RA, Casares N, et al: Inhibition of macroautophagy triggers apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol. 25:1025–1040. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Amaravadi RK, Yu D, Lum JJ, et al: Autophagy inhibition enhances therapy-induced apoptosis in a Myc-induced model of lymphoma. J Clin Invest. 117:326–336. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Ravikumar B, Berger Z, Vacher C, O’Kane CJ and Rubinsztein DC: Rapamycin pre-treatment protects against apoptosis. Hum Mol Genet. 15:1209–1216. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Longo L, Platini F, Scardino A, Alabiso O, Vasapollo G and Tessitore L: Autophagy inhibition enhances anthocyanin-induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther. 7:2476–2485. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Herman-Antosiewicz A, Johnson DE and Singh SV: Sulforaphane causes autophagy to inhibit release of cytochrome c and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 66:5828–5835. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Bernstein E, Caudy AA, Hammond SM and Hannon GJ: Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference. Nature. 409:363–366. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Zielske SP and Stevenson M: Importin 7 may be dispensable for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and simian immunodeficiency virus infection of primary macrophages. J Virol. 79:11541–11546. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Pullmann R Jr, Juhaszova M, López de Silanes I, et al: Enhanced proliferation of cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells linked to increased function of RNA-binding protein HuR. J Biol Chem. 280:22819–22826. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Munafo DB and Colombo MI: A novel assay to study autophagy: regulation of autophagosome vacuole size by amino acid deprivation. J Cell Sci. 114:3619–3629. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

25 

Mizushima M: Methods for monitoring autophagy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 36:2491–2502. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Klionsky DJ, Abeliovich H, Agostinis P, et al: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes. Autophagy. 4:151–175. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Brummelkamp TR, Bernards R and Agami R: A system for stable expression of short interfering RNAs in mammalian cells. Science. 296:550–553. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Boyd KD, Walker BA, Wardell CP, et al: High expression levels of the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor DEPTOR are predictive of response to thalidomide in myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma. 51:2126–2129. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Hideshima T, Bradner JE, Wong J, et al: Small-molecule inhibition of proteasome and aggresome function induces synergistic antitumor activity in multiple myeloma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102:8567–8572. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Pan Y, Gao Y, Chen L, et al: Targeting autophagy augments in vitro and in vivo antimyeloma activity of DNA-damaging chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 17:3248–3258. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Kaufman SH: Induction of endonucleolytic DNA cleavage in human acute myelogenous leukemia cell by etoposide, camptothecin and other cytotoxic anticancer drugs: a cautionary note. Cancer Res. 49:5870–5878. 1989.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Cheriyath V, Kuhns MA, Kalaycio ME and Borden EC: Potentiation of apoptosis by histone deacetylase inhibitors and doxorubicin combination: cytoplasmic cathepsin B as a mediator of apoptosis in multiple myeloma. Br J Cancer. 104:957–967. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Carnero A, Blanco-Aparicio C, Renner O, Link W and Leal JF: The PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in cancer, therapeutic implications. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 8:187–198. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Que W, Chen J, Chuang M and Jiang D: Knockdown of c-Met enhances sensitivity to bortezomib in human multiple myeloma U266 cells via inhibiting Akt/mTOR activity. APMIS. 120:195–203. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

McMillin DW, Ooi M, Delmore J, et al: Antimyeloma activity of the orally bioavailable dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor NVP-BEZ235. Cancer Res. 69:5835–5842. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

de la Rubia J and Such E: DEPTOR expression and response to thalidomide: toward a new therapeutic target in multiple myeloma? Leuk Lymphoma. 51:1960–1961. 2010.

37 

Allan LA and Clarke PR: Apoptosis and autophagy: regulation of caspase-9 by phosphorylation. FEBS J. 276:6063–6073. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Akiyama M, Hideshima T, Hayashi T, et al: Cytokines modulate telomerase activity in a human multiple myeloma cell line. Cancer Res. 62:3876–3882. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

39 

Cantley LC: The phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. Science. 296:1655–1657. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Brunet A, Bonni A, Zigmond MJ, et al: Akt promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inhibiting a Forkhead transcription factor. Cell. 96:857–868. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Datta SR, Brunet A and Greenberg ME: Cellular survival: a play in three Akts. Genes Dev. 13:2905–2927. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Kim D and Chung J: Akt: versatile mediator of cell survival and beyond. J Biochem Mol Biol. 35:106–115. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Kang HY, Shim D, Kang SS, Chang SI and Kim HY: Protein kinase B inhibits endostatin-induced apoptosis in HUVECs. J Biochem Mol Biol. 39:97–104. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Han B, Wei W, Hua F, et al: Requirement for ERK activity in sodium selenite-induced apoptosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia-derived NB4 cells. J Biochem Mol Biol. 40:196–204. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Que WZ and Chen JM: Knockdown of c-Met inhibits cell proliferation and invasion and increases chemosensitivity to doxorubicin in human multiple myeloma U266 cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep. 4:343–349. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

46 

Knobloch J, Schmitz I, Götz K, Schulze-Osthoff K and Rüther U: Thalidomide induces limb anomalies by PTEN stabilization, Akt suppression, and stimulation of caspase-dependent cell death. Mol Cell Biol. 28:529–538. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Efeyan A and Sabatini DM: mTOR and cancer: many loops in one pathway. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 22:169–176. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Zeng X and Kinsella TJ: Mammalian target of Rapamycin and S6 Kinase 1 positively regulate 6-thioguanine-induced autophagy. Cancer Res. 68:2384–2390. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Guertin DA and Sabatini DM: Defining the role of mTOR in cancer. Cancer Cell. 12:9–22. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang H, Chen J, Zeng Z, Que W and Zhou L: Knockdown of DEPTOR induces apoptosis, increases chemosensitivity to doxorubicin and suppresses autophagy in RPMI-8226 human multiple myeloma cells in vitro. Int J Mol Med 31: 1127-1134, 2013.
APA
Zhang, H., Chen, J., Zeng, Z., Que, W., & Zhou, L. (2013). Knockdown of DEPTOR induces apoptosis, increases chemosensitivity to doxorubicin and suppresses autophagy in RPMI-8226 human multiple myeloma cells in vitro. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 31, 1127-1134. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1299
MLA
Zhang, H., Chen, J., Zeng, Z., Que, W., Zhou, L."Knockdown of DEPTOR induces apoptosis, increases chemosensitivity to doxorubicin and suppresses autophagy in RPMI-8226 human multiple myeloma cells in vitro". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 31.5 (2013): 1127-1134.
Chicago
Zhang, H., Chen, J., Zeng, Z., Que, W., Zhou, L."Knockdown of DEPTOR induces apoptosis, increases chemosensitivity to doxorubicin and suppresses autophagy in RPMI-8226 human multiple myeloma cells in vitro". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 31, no. 5 (2013): 1127-1134. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1299
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang H, Chen J, Zeng Z, Que W and Zhou L: Knockdown of DEPTOR induces apoptosis, increases chemosensitivity to doxorubicin and suppresses autophagy in RPMI-8226 human multiple myeloma cells in vitro. Int J Mol Med 31: 1127-1134, 2013.
APA
Zhang, H., Chen, J., Zeng, Z., Que, W., & Zhou, L. (2013). Knockdown of DEPTOR induces apoptosis, increases chemosensitivity to doxorubicin and suppresses autophagy in RPMI-8226 human multiple myeloma cells in vitro. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 31, 1127-1134. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1299
MLA
Zhang, H., Chen, J., Zeng, Z., Que, W., Zhou, L."Knockdown of DEPTOR induces apoptosis, increases chemosensitivity to doxorubicin and suppresses autophagy in RPMI-8226 human multiple myeloma cells in vitro". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 31.5 (2013): 1127-1134.
Chicago
Zhang, H., Chen, J., Zeng, Z., Que, W., Zhou, L."Knockdown of DEPTOR induces apoptosis, increases chemosensitivity to doxorubicin and suppresses autophagy in RPMI-8226 human multiple myeloma cells in vitro". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 31, no. 5 (2013): 1127-1134. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2013.1299
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team