Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
November-2015 Volume 36 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2015 Volume 36 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

A novel adamantyl benzylbenzamide derivative, AP736, inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells via glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation

  • Authors:
    • Hong-Ju Shin
    • Chang Taek Oh
    • Tae-Rin Kwon
    • Heung Soo Beak
    • Yung Hyup Joo
    • Jeong-Hwan Kim
    • Chang Seok Lee
    • John Hwan Lee
    • Beom Joon Kim
    • Song Seok Shin
    • Eun-Seok Park
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Medical Beauty Research Institute, AmorePacific R&D Center, Yongin 446-729, Republic of Korea, Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea, Skin Research Institute, AmorePacific R&D Center, Yongin 446-729, Republic of Korea, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 1353-1360
    |
    Published online on: September 17, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2348
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Recently, much effort has been made to develop effective dermatological depigmenting compounds. In this study, we investigated the novel candidate compound, AP736 (an adamantyl benzylbenzamide derivative), and its effects on melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells, as well as the mechanisms involved. AP736 has been reported to exert anti-melanogenic effects in melanocytes in vitro and in artificial skin equivalents through the inhibition of key melanogenic enzymes and the suppression of the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA)-cAMP response element‑binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway. Thus, we examined another pathway of melanogenesis involving the effects of AP736 on the glycogen synthesis kinase 3β (GSK3β) pathway. Melanin content and tyrosinase activity were measured using a spectrophotometer after the cells were treated with AP736. The AP736-induced activation of signaling pathways was examined by western blot analysis. We confirmed that AP736 decreased melanin production in a dose-dependent manner; however, it did not directly inhibit tyrosinase, the rate-limiting melanogenic enzyme. The expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, tyrosinase, and related signal transduction pathways was also investigated. The Wnt signaling pathway is deeply involved in melanogenesis; therefore, phosphorylation by GSK3β was assessed following treatment with AP736. AP736 induced GSK3β phosphorylation (inactivation), but it did not alter the level of β-catenin. Furthermore, the expression of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced tyrosinase was downregulated by AP736. Our data suggest that AP736 exerts hypopigmentary effects through the downregulation of tyrosinase via GSK3β phosphorylation.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Eves PC, MacNeil S and Haycock JW: alpha-Melanocyte stimulating hormone, inflammation and human melanoma. Peptides. 27:444–452. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Yokota T, Nishio H, Kubota Y and Mizoguchi M: The inhibitory effect of glabridin from licorice extracts on melanogenesis and inflammation. Pigment Cell Res. 11:355–361. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Eller MS, Ostrom K and Gilchrest BA: DNA damage enhances melanogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:1087–1092. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Wong G and Pawelek J: Melanocyte-stimulating hormone promotes activation of pre-existing tyrosinase molecules in Cloudman S91 melanoma cells. Nature. 255:644–646. 1975. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Halaban R, Pomerantz SH, Marshall S and Lerner AB: Tyrosinase activity and abundance in Cloudman melanoma cells. Arch Biochem Biophys. 230:383–387. 1984. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Hunt G, Todd C, Cresswell JE and Thody AJ: Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone and its analogue Nle4DPhe7 alpha-MSH affect morphology, tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in cultured human melanocytes. J Cell Sci. 107:205–211. 1994.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Kanwar AJ, Dhar S and Kaur S: Treatment of melasma with potent topical corticosteroids. Dermatology. 188:1701994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Körner A and Pawelek J: Mammalian tyrosinase catalyzes three reactions in the biosynthesis of melanin. Science. 217:1163–1165. 1982. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Boissy RE: Melanosome transfer to and translocation in the keratinocyte. Exp Dermatol. 12(Suppl 2): S52003. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Buscà R, Bertolotto C, Ortonne JP and Ballotti R: Inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/p70(S6)-kinase pathway induces B16 melanoma cell differentiation. J Biol Chem. 271:31824–31830. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Costin GE and Hearing VJ: Human skin pigmentation: melanocytes modulate skin color in response to stress. FASEB J. 21:976–994. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Hearing VJ and Tsukamoto K: Enzymatic control of pigmentation in mammals. FASEB J. 5:2902–2909. 1991.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Jung E, Lee J, Huh S, Lee J, Kim YS, Kim G and Park D: Phloridzin-induced melanogenesis is mediated by the cAMP signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol. 47:2436–2440. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Yasumoto K, Yokoyama K, Takahashi K, Tomita Y and Shibahara S: Functional analysis of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor in pigment cell-specific transcription of the human tyrosinase family genes. J Biol Chem. 272:503–509. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Steingrímsson E, Moore KJ, Lamoreux ML, Ferré-D'Amaré AR, Burley SK, Zimring DC, Skow LC, Hodgkinson CA, Arnheiter H, Copeland NG, et al: Molecular basis of mouse microphthalmia (mi) mutations helps explain their developmental and phenotypic consequences. Nat Genet. 8:256–263. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Tachibana M: MITF: A stream flowing for pigment cells. Pigment Cell Res. 13:230–240. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Vakhedi AS: Biological sutures in ophthalmological microsurgery. Vestn Oftalmol. 5:27–31. 1976.In Russian.

18 

Jiménez-Cervantes C, Martínez-Esparza M, Pérez C, Daum N, Solano F and García-Borrón JC: Inhibition of melanogenesis in response to oxidative stress: transient downregulation of melanocyte differentiation markers and possible involvement of microphthalmia transcription factor. J Cell Sci. 114:2335–2344. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Corre S, Primot A, Sviderskaya E, Bennett DC, Vaulont S, Goding CR and Galibert MD: UV-induced expression of key component of the tanning process, the POMC and MC1R genes, is dependent on the p-38-activated upstream stimulating factor-1 (USF-1). J Biol Chem. 279:51226–51233. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Wu M, Hemesath TJ, Takemoto CM, Horstmann MA, Wells AG, Price ER, Fisher DZ and Fisher DE: c-Kit triggers dual phosphorylations, which couple activation and degradation of the essential melanocyte factor Mi. Genes Dev. 14:301–312. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Xu W, Gong L, Haddad MM, Bischof O, Campisi J, Yeh ET and Medrano EE: Regulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor MITF protein levels by association with the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme hUBC9. Exp Cell Res. 255:135–143. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Kim DS, Hwang ES, Lee JE, Kim SY, Kwon SB and Park KC: Sphingosine-1-phosphate decreases melanin synthesis via sustained ERK activation and subsequent MITF degradation. J Cell Sci. 116:1699–1706. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Larue L and Delmas V: The WNT/Beta-catenin pathway in melanoma. Front Biosci. 11:733–742. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Wu J, Saint-Jeannet JP and Klein PS: Wnt-frizzled signaling in neural crest formation. Trends Neurosci. 26:40–45. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Bellei B, Flori E, Izzo E, Maresca V and Picardo M: GSK3beta inhibition promotes melanogenesis in mouse B16 melanoma cells and normal human melanocytes. Cell Signal. 20:1750–1761. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Giles RH, van Es JH and Clevers H: Caught up in a Wnt storm: Wnt signaling in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1653:1–24. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Korinek V, Barker N, Morin PJ, van Wichen D, de Weger R, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B and Clevers H: Constitutive transcriptional activation by a beta-catenin-Tcf complex in APC-/- colon carcinoma. Science. 275:1784–1787. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Morin PJ, Sparks AB, Korinek V, Barker N, Clevers H, Vogelstein B and Kinzler KW: Activation of beta-catenin-Tcf signaling in colon cancer by mutations in beta-catenin or APC. Science. 275:1787–1790. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Wodarz A and Nusse R: Mechanisms of Wnt signaling in development. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 14:59–88. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Polakis P: Wnt signaling and cancer. Genes Dev. 14:1837–1851. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Liu C, Li Y, Semenov M, Han C, Baeg GH, Tan Y, Zhang Z, Lin X and He X: Control of beta-catenin phosphorylation/degradation by a dual-kinase mechanism. Cell. 108:837–847. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Amit S, Hatzubai A, Birman Y, Andersen JS, Ben-Shushan E, Mann M, Ben-Neriah Y and Alkalay I: Axin-mediated CKI phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser 45: a molecular switch for the Wnt pathway. Genes Dev. 16:1066–1076. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Latres E, Chiaur DS and Pagano M: The human F box protein beta-Trcp associates with the Cul1/Skp1 complex and regulates the stability of beta-catenin. Oncogene. 18:849–854. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Lee E, Salic A, Krüger R, Heinrich R and Kirschner MW: The roles of APC and Axin derived from experimental and theoretical analysis of the Wnt pathway. PLoS Biol. 1:E102003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Takeda K, Yasumoto K, Takada R, Takada S, Watanabe K, Udono T, Saito H, Takahashi K and Shibahara S: Induction of melanocyte-specific microphthalmia-associated transcription factor by Wnt-3a. J Biol Chem. 275:14013–14016. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Schepsky A, Bruser K, Gunnarsson GJ, Goodall J, Hallsson JH, Goding CR, Steingrimsson E and Hecht A: The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor Mitf interacts with beta-catenin to determine target gene expression. Mol Cell Biol. 26:8914–8927. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Parvez S, Kang M, Chung HS, Cho C, Hong MC, Shin MK and Bae H: Survey and mechanism of skin depigmenting and lightening agents. Phytother Res. 20:921–934. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Shimizu K, Yasutake S and Kondo R: A new stilbene with tyrosinase inhibitory activity from Chlorophora excelsa. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 51:318–319. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Park SH, Kim DS, Kim WG, Ryoo IJ, Lee DH, Huh CH, Youn SW, Yoo ID and Park KC: Terrein: A new melanogenesis inhibitor and its mechanism. Cell Mol Life Sci. 61:2878–2885. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Kim DS, Jeong YM, Park IK, Hahn HG, Lee HK, Kwon SB, Jeong JH, Yang SJ, Sohn UD and Park KC: A new 2-imino-1,3-thiazoline derivative, KHG22394, inhibits melanin synthesis in mouse B16 melanoma cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 30:180–183. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Lee do H, Kim DH, Oh IY, Kim SY, Lim YY, Kim HM, Kim YH, Choi YM, Kim SE, Kim BJ and Kim MN: Inhibitory effects of Saururi chinensis extracts on melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 36:772–779. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Poma A, Bianchini S and Miranda M: Inhibition of L-tyrosine-induced micronuclei production by phenylthiourea in human melanoma cells. Mutat Res. 446:143–148. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Casanola-Martin GM, Le-Thi-Thu H, Marrero-Ponce Y, Castillo-Garit JA, Torrens F, Rescigno A, Abad C and Khan MT: Tyrosinase enzyme: 1. An overview on a pharmacological target. Curr Top Med Chem. 14:1494–1501. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Smit N, Vicanova J and Pavel S: The hunt for natural skin whitening agents. Int J Mol Sci. 10:5326–5349. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Lee CS, Jang WH, Park M, Jung K, Baek HS, Joo YH, Park YH and Lim KM: A novel adamantyl benzylbenzamide derivative, AP736, suppresses melanogenesis through the inhibition of cAMP-PKA-CREB-activated microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and tyrosinase expression. Exp Dermatol. 22:762–764. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Lin YS, Chuang MT, Chen CH, Chien MY and Hou WC: Nicotinic acid hydroxamate downregulated the melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity through activating the MEK/ERK and AKT/GSK3β signaling pathways. J Agric Food Chem. 60:4859–4864. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Gillbro JM and Olsson MJ: The melanogenesis and mechanisms of skin-lightening agents - existing and new approaches. Int J Cosmet Sci. 33:210–221. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Son KH and Heo MY: The evaluation of depigmenting efficacy in the skin for the development of new whitening agents in Korea. Int J Cosmet Sci. 35:9–18. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

49 

Land EJ, Ramsden CA, Riley PA and Stratford MR: Evidence consistent with the requirement of cresolase activity for suicide inactivation of tyrosinase. Tohoku J Exp Med. 216:231–238. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Grabacka M, Placha W, Urbanska K, Laidler P, Płonka PM and Reiss K: PPAR gamma regulates MITF and beta-catenin expression and promotes a differentiated phenotype in mouse melanoma S91. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 21:388–396. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Grabacka M, Plonka PM, Urbanska K and Reiss K: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activation decreases metastatic potential of melanoma cells in vitro via down-regulation of Akt. Clin Cancer Res. 12:3028–3036. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Takeda K, Takemoto C, Kobayashi I, Watanabe A, Nobukuni Y, Fisher DE and Tachibana M: Ser298 of MITF, a mutation site in Waardenburg syndrome type 2, is a phosphorylation site with functional significance. Hum Mol Genet. 9:125–132. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Hart MJ, de los Santos R, Albert IN, Rubinfeld B and Polakis P: Downregulation of beta-catenin by human Axin and its association with the APC tumor suppressor, beta-catenin and GSK3 beta. Curr Biol. 8:573–581. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Aberle H, Bauer A, Stappert J, Kispert A and Kemler R: beta-catenin is a target for the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. EMBO J. 16:3797–3804. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Gwak J, Cho M, Gong SJ, Won J, Kim DE, Kim EY, Lee SS, Kim M, Kim TK, Shin JG and Oh S: Protein-kinase-C-mediated beta-catenin phosphorylation negatively regulates the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. J Cell Sci. 119:4702–4709. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Liu J, Stevens J, Rote CA, Yost HJ, Hu Y, Neufeld KL, White RL and Matsunami N: Siah-1 mediates a novel beta-catenin degradation pathway linking p53 to the adenomatous polyposis coli protein. Mol Cell. 7:927–936. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Shin H, Oh CT, Kwon T, Beak HS, Joo YH, Kim J, Lee CS, Lee JH, Kim BJ, Shin SS, Shin SS, et al: A novel adamantyl benzylbenzamide derivative, AP736, inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells via glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation. Int J Mol Med 36: 1353-1360, 2015.
APA
Shin, H., Oh, C.T., Kwon, T., Beak, H.S., Joo, Y.H., Kim, J. ... Park, E. (2015). A novel adamantyl benzylbenzamide derivative, AP736, inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells via glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 36, 1353-1360. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2348
MLA
Shin, H., Oh, C. T., Kwon, T., Beak, H. S., Joo, Y. H., Kim, J., Lee, C. S., Lee, J. H., Kim, B. J., Shin, S. S., Park, E."A novel adamantyl benzylbenzamide derivative, AP736, inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells via glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 36.5 (2015): 1353-1360.
Chicago
Shin, H., Oh, C. T., Kwon, T., Beak, H. S., Joo, Y. H., Kim, J., Lee, C. S., Lee, J. H., Kim, B. J., Shin, S. S., Park, E."A novel adamantyl benzylbenzamide derivative, AP736, inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells via glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 36, no. 5 (2015): 1353-1360. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2348
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Shin H, Oh CT, Kwon T, Beak HS, Joo YH, Kim J, Lee CS, Lee JH, Kim BJ, Shin SS, Shin SS, et al: A novel adamantyl benzylbenzamide derivative, AP736, inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells via glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation. Int J Mol Med 36: 1353-1360, 2015.
APA
Shin, H., Oh, C.T., Kwon, T., Beak, H.S., Joo, Y.H., Kim, J. ... Park, E. (2015). A novel adamantyl benzylbenzamide derivative, AP736, inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells via glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 36, 1353-1360. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2348
MLA
Shin, H., Oh, C. T., Kwon, T., Beak, H. S., Joo, Y. H., Kim, J., Lee, C. S., Lee, J. H., Kim, B. J., Shin, S. S., Park, E."A novel adamantyl benzylbenzamide derivative, AP736, inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells via glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 36.5 (2015): 1353-1360.
Chicago
Shin, H., Oh, C. T., Kwon, T., Beak, H. S., Joo, Y. H., Kim, J., Lee, C. S., Lee, J. H., Kim, B. J., Shin, S. S., Park, E."A novel adamantyl benzylbenzamide derivative, AP736, inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells via glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 36, no. 5 (2015): 1353-1360. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2348
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team