Protective effects of the antioxidant extract collected from Styela clava tunics on UV radiation‑induced skin aging in hairless mice

Koh,Eun Kyoung; Kim,Ji Eun; Go,Jun; Song,Sung Hwa; Sung,Ji Eun; Son,Hong Joo; Jung,Young Jin; Kim,Bae Hwan; Jung,Young Suk; Hwang,Dae Youn

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2016.2740

Protective effects of the antioxidant extract collected from Styela clava tunics on UV radiation‑induced skin aging in hairless mice

Authors:
- Eun Kyoung Koh
- Ji Eun Kim
- Jun Go
- Sung Hwa Song
- Ji Eun Sung
- Hong Joo Son
- Young Jin Jung
- Bae Hwan Kim
- Young Suk Jung
- Dae Youn Hwang
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Affiliations: Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do 50463, Republic of Korea, Department of Public Health, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
Published online on: September 19, 2016 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2740
Pages: 1565-1577

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Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is considered a primary cause of skin damage, which is characterized by deep wrinkles, roughness, laxity and pigmentation through oxidative stress and oxidative photodamage. To examine the therapeutic effects of ethanol extract of Styela clava tunics (EtSCT) on UV radiation-induced skin aging in hairless mice, alterations in skin phenotype, histological structures, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative conditions and toxicity were investigated during 13 weeks of UV irradiation and topical application of EtSCT. EtSCT showed high reducing power (3.1%), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (92.7%) and NO scavenging activity (15.6%) due to its high total flavonoids (15.3 mg/ml) and total phenolics (36.8 mg/ml). The topical application of EtSCT suppressed photoaging of the skin of UV-irradiated mice, and this was demonstrated by the inhibition of wrinkle formation, the suppression of the erythema index as well as the prevention of transepidermal water loss. Additionally, the epidermal thickness and adipocytes number were recovered to a similar level as that in the no radiation group in the UV + EtSCT‑treated groups compared with the UV + vehicle‑treated group, and the expression of collagen I increased. The attenuation of mitogen‑activated protein kinase and ER stress signaling pathways activated by reactive oxygen species was also detected in the UV + EtSCT‑treated group. Inflammatory responses including the infiltration of mast cells, CD31 expression and interleukin-6 secretion were significantly lower in the UV + EtSCT-treated groups. Moreover, the concentration of malondialdehyde was reduced and the activity of superoxide dismutase was effectively recovered in the UV + EtSCT-treated groups compared with that in the vehicle-treated groups. Liver and kidney toxicity factors were maintained at a constant level. These results suggest that EtSCT has the potential for use as therapeutic drug which protects against skin aging by regulating the skin morphology, histopathological structures, ER stress, inflammation and oxidative conditions.

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