Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
March-2017 Volume 39 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
March-2017 Volume 39 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Renin-angiotensin system activation accelerates atherosclerosis in experimental renal failure by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress-related inflammation

  • Authors:
    • Jia Yang
    • Xi Zhang
    • Xinyi Yu
    • Weixue Tang
    • Hua Gan
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China, Experimental Study Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Yang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 613-621
    |
    Published online on: January 12, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.2856
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

In this study, we investigated the association between the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and atherosclerosis (AS) in uremic apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-/-) mice. Mild uremia was induced by a 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) in 10-week-old apoE-/- mice. Four weeks after nephrectomy, the mice received losartan or no treatment for 16 weeks. Sham-operated mice served as the controls. We found that uremia accelerated AS at the aortic root. The activation of ER stress and the significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were observed in the uremic mice. Phosphorylated inositol-requiring 1α (p-IRE1α), an ER stress marker protein, was mainly expressed in macrophages in the atherosclerotic lesions. Treatment with losartan significantly attenuated aortic AS, inhibited ER stress and reduced aortic inflammation. In in vitro experiments, angiotensin II (Ang II) increased the levels of the common ER stress maker, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and the phosphorylation of IRE1α in RAW264.7 macrophages. Treatment with losartan inhibited the activation of ER stress and the upregulation of GRP78, and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor (IκB) in Ang II-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. IRE1α‑siRNA suppressed inflammation and downregulated IκB expression and IκB kinase (IKK) phosphorylation, which inhibited IκB degradation and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation in Ang II-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. These findings suggest that RAS activation accelerates AS by promoting ER stress-related inflammation in uremic mice.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE and Hsu CY: Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med. 351:1296–1305. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Amann K, Gross ML and Ritz E: Pathophysiology underlying accelerated atherogenesis in renal disease: Closing in on the target. J Am Soc Nephrol. 15:1664–1666. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Foley RN, Parfrey PS and Sarnak MJ: Clinical epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 32(Suppl 3): S112–S119. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Seliger SL, Gillen DL, Tirschwell D, Wasse H, Kestenbaum BR and Stehman-Breen CO: Risk factors for incident stroke among patients with end-stage renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 14:2623–2631. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Banerjee D, Recio-Mayoral A, Chitalia N and Kaski JC: Insulin resistance, inflammation, and vascular disease in nondiabetic predialysis chronic kidney disease patients. Clin Cardiol. 34:360–365. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Pedersen TX, Binder CJ, Fredrikson GN, Nilsson J, Bro S and Nielsen LB: The pro-inflammatory effect of uraemia overrules the anti-atherogenic potential of immunization with oxidized LDL in apoE−/− mice. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 25:2486–2491. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Yilmaz MI, Stenvinkel P, Sonmez A, Saglam M, Yaman H, Kilic S, Eyileten T, Caglar K, Oguz Y, Vural A, et al: Vascular health, systemic inflammation and progressive reduction in kidney function; clinical determinants and impact on cardiovascular outcomes. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 26:3537–3543. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Pluquet O, Pourtier A and Abbadie C: The unfolded protein response and cellular senescence. A review in the theme: Cellular mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in health and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 308:C415–C425. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Ron D and Walter P: Signal integration in the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 8:519–529. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Sozen E, Karademir B and Ozer NK: Basic mechanisms in endoplasmic reticulum stress and relation to cardiovascular diseases. Free Radic Biol Med. 78:30–41. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Gotoh T, Endo M and Oike Y: Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. Int J Inflamm. 2011:2594622011. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Tabas I: The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the progression of atherosclerosis. Circ Res. 107:839–850. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Zhou J, Lhoták S, Hilditch BA and Austin RC: Activation of the unfolded protein response occurs at all stages of atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation. 111:1814–1821. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Wang J, Wen Y, Lv LL, Liu H, Tang RN, Ma KL and Liu BC: Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in angiotensin II-induced LRP3 inflammasome activation in human renal proximal tubular cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 36:821–830. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Young CN, Li A, Dong FN, Horwath JA, Clark CG and Davisson RL: Endoplasmic reticulum and oxidant stress mediate nuclear factor-κB activation in the subfornical organ during angiotensin II hypertension. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 308:C803–C812. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Bernardi S, Candido R, Toffoli B, Carretta R and Fabris B: Prevention of accelerated atherosclerosis by AT1 receptor blockade in experimental renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 26:832–838. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Bro S, Binder CJ, Witztum JL, Olgaard K and Nielsen LB: Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system abolishes the proatherogenic effect of uremia in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 27:1080–1086. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Yao S, Miao C, Tian H, Sang H, Yang N, Jiao P, Han J, Zong C and Qin S: Endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes macrophage-derived foam cell formation by up-regulating cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) expression. J Biol Chen. 289:4032–4042. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Berger AK, Duval S and Krumholz HM: Aspirin, beta-blocker, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in patients with end-stage renal disease and an acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 42:201–208. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Mach F: The role of chemokines in atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 3:243–251. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Hansson GK: Inflammatory mechanisms in atherosclerosis. J Thromb Haemost. 7(Suppl 1): 328–331. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Liang C, Wu ZG, Ding J, Jiang JF, Huang GZ, Du RZ and Ge JB: Losartan inhibited expression of matrix metalloproteinases in rat atherosclerotic lesions and angiotensin II-stimulated macrophages. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 25:1426–1432. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Kabour A, Henegar JR, Devineni VR and Janicki JS: Prevention of angiotensin II induced myocyte necrosis and coronary vascular damage by lisinopril and losartan in the rat. Cardiovasc Res. 29:543–548. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Drogat B, Auguste P, Nguyen DT, Bouchecareilh M, Pineau R, Nalbantoglu J, Kaufman RJ, Chevet E, Bikfalvi A and Moenner M: IRE1 signaling is essential for ischemia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression and contributes to angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Res. 67:6700–6707. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Wang X, Bai YP, Hong D, Gao HC, Li LF, Li CC, Zhu LP, Sun Q and Zhang GG: Ang II induces capillary formation from endothelial cells via the AT1R-dependent inositol requiring enzyme 1 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 434:552–558. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Hu P, Han Z, Couvillon AD, Kaufman RJ and Exton JH: Autocrine tumor necrosis factor alpha links endoplasmic reticulum stress to the membrane death receptor pathway through IRE1alpha-mediated NF-kappaB activation and downregulation of TRAF2 expression. Mol Cell Biol. 26:3071–3084. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Kaneko M, Niinuma Y and Nomura Y: Activation signal of nuclear factor-kappa B in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress is transduced via IRE1 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2. Biol Pharm Bull. 26:931–935. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Wu L, Wang D, Xiao Y, Zhou X, Wang L, Chen B, Li Q, Guo X and Huang Q: Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a role in the advanced glycation end product-induced inflammatory response in endothelial cells. Life Sci. 110:44–51. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Urano F, Wang X, Bertolotti A, Zhang Y, Chung P, Harding HP and Ron D: Coupling of stress in the ER to activation of JNK protein kinases by transmembrane protein kinase IRE1. Science. 287:664–666. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Miyazaki-Anzai S, Masuda M, Demos-Davies KM, Keenan AL, Saunders SJ, Masuda R, Jablonski K, Cavasin MA, Kendrick J, Chonchol M, et al: Endoplasmic reticulum stress effector CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) regulates chronic kidney disease-induced vascular calcification. J Am Heart Assoc. 3:e0009492014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Galkina E and Ley K: Immune and inflammatory mechanisms of atherosclerosis (*). Annu Rev Immunol. 27:165–197. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Libby P: Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature. 420:868–874. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Guo F, Chen XL, Wang F, Liang X, Sun YX and Wang YJ: Role of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in angiotensin II-induced cytokine production in macrophages. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 31:351–361. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Xanthoulea S, Curfs DM, Hofker MH and de Winther MP: Nuclear factor kappa B signaling in macrophage function and atherogenesis. Curr Opin Lipidol. 16:536–542. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

de Winther MPJ, Kanters E, Kraal G and Hofker MH: Nuclear factor kappaB signaling in atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 25:904–914. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Martinon F, Chen X, Lee AH and Glimcher LH: TLR activation of the transcription factor XBP1 regulates innate immune responses in macrophages. Nat Immunol. 11:411–418. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Takeya M, Yoshimura T, Leonard EJ and Takahashi K: Detection of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human atherosclerotic lesions by an anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 monoclonal antibody. Hum Pathol. 24:534–539. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Ylä-Herttuala S, Lipton BA, Rosenfeld ME, Särkioja T, Yoshimura T, Leonard EJ, Witztum JL and Steinberg D: Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in macrophage-rich areas of human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 88:5252–5256. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Boring L, Gosling J, Cleary M and Charo IF: Decreased lesion formation in CCR2−/− mice reveals a role for chemokines in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Nature. 394:894–897. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Gu L, Okada Y, Clinton SK, Gerard C, Sukhova GK, Libby P and Rollins BJ: Absence of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 reduces atherosclerosis in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Mol Cell. 2:275–281. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yang J, Zhang X, Yu X, Tang W and Gan H: Renin-angiotensin system activation accelerates atherosclerosis in experimental renal failure by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress-related inflammation. Int J Mol Med 39: 613-621, 2017.
APA
Yang, J., Zhang, X., Yu, X., Tang, W., & Gan, H. (2017). Renin-angiotensin system activation accelerates atherosclerosis in experimental renal failure by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress-related inflammation. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 39, 613-621. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.2856
MLA
Yang, J., Zhang, X., Yu, X., Tang, W., Gan, H."Renin-angiotensin system activation accelerates atherosclerosis in experimental renal failure by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress-related inflammation". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 39.3 (2017): 613-621.
Chicago
Yang, J., Zhang, X., Yu, X., Tang, W., Gan, H."Renin-angiotensin system activation accelerates atherosclerosis in experimental renal failure by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress-related inflammation". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 39, no. 3 (2017): 613-621. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.2856
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yang J, Zhang X, Yu X, Tang W and Gan H: Renin-angiotensin system activation accelerates atherosclerosis in experimental renal failure by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress-related inflammation. Int J Mol Med 39: 613-621, 2017.
APA
Yang, J., Zhang, X., Yu, X., Tang, W., & Gan, H. (2017). Renin-angiotensin system activation accelerates atherosclerosis in experimental renal failure by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress-related inflammation. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 39, 613-621. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.2856
MLA
Yang, J., Zhang, X., Yu, X., Tang, W., Gan, H."Renin-angiotensin system activation accelerates atherosclerosis in experimental renal failure by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress-related inflammation". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 39.3 (2017): 613-621.
Chicago
Yang, J., Zhang, X., Yu, X., Tang, W., Gan, H."Renin-angiotensin system activation accelerates atherosclerosis in experimental renal failure by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress-related inflammation". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 39, no. 3 (2017): 613-621. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.2856
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team