Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
July-2017 Volume 40 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2017 Volume 40 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

The Cdc2/Cdk1 inhibitor, purvalanol A, enhances the cytotoxic effects of taxol through Op18/stathmin in non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro

  • Authors:
    • Xian Chen
    • Ying Liao
    • Dan Long
    • Ting Yu
    • Fang Shen
    • Xuechi Lin
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Medical Laboratory, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
  • Pages: 235-242
    |
    Published online on: May 15, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.2989
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Purvalanol A is a highly selective inhibitor of Cdc2 [also known as cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1)]. Taxol is an anti-tumor chemotherapeutic drug which is widely used clinically. In this study, the CDK1 inhibitor, purvalanol A was applied to explore the relevance of Cdc2 signaling and taxol sensitivity through analyses, such as cellular proliferation and apoptosis assays, ELISA, western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation. We demonstrated that purvalanol A effectively enhanced the taxol-induced apoptosis of NCI-H1299 cells, as well as its inhibitory effects on cellular proliferation and colony formation. In combination, purvalanol A and taxol mainly decreased the expression of oncoprotein 18 (Op18)/stathmin and phosphorylation at Ser16 and Ser38, while purvalanol A alone inhibited the phosphorylation of Op18/stathmin at all 4 serine sites. Co-treatment with purvalanol A and taxol weakened the expression of Bcl-2 and activated the extrinsic cell death pathway through the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8. Further experiments indicated that Cdc2 kinase activities, including the expression of Cdc2 and the level of phospho-Cdc2 (Thr161) were significantly higher in taxol-resistant NCI-H1299 cells compared with the relatively sensitive CNE1 cells before and following treatment with taxol. These findings suggest that Cdc2 is positively associatd with the development of taxol resistance. The Cdc2 inhibitor, purvalanol A, enhanced the cytotoxic effects of taxol through Op18/stathmin. Our findings may prove to be useful in clinical practice, as they may provide a treatment strategy with which to to reduce the doses of taxol applied clinically, thus alleviating the side-effects.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Zhao XF and Gartenhaus RB: Phospho-p70S6K and cdc2/cdk1 as therapeutic targets for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 13:1085–1093. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Liu P, Kao TP and Huang H: CDK1 promotes cell proliferation and survival via phosphorylation and inhibition of FOXO1 transcription factor. Oncogene. 27:4733–4744. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Malumbres M and Barbacid M: Cell cycle, CDKs and cancer: A changing paradigm. Nat Rev Cancer. 9:153–166. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Pérez de Castro I, de Cárcer G and Malumbres M: A census of mitotic cancer genes: New insights into tumor cell biology and cancer therapy. Carcinogenesis. 28:899–912. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Tripathi A and Chaube SK: Reduction of phosphorylated Thr-161 Cdk1 level participates in roscovitine-induced Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis in rat eggs cultured in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 51:174–182. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Gray NS, Wodicka L, Thunnissen AM, Norman TC, Kwon S, Espinoza FH, Morgan DO, Barnes G, LeClerc S, Meijer L, et al: Exploiting chemical libraries, structure, and genomics in the search for kinase inhibitors. Science. 281:533–538. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Mori Y, Inoue Y, Taniyama Y, Tanaka S and Terada Y: Phosphorylation of the centrosomal protein, Cep169, by Cdk1 promotes its dissociation from centrosomes in mitosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 468:642–646. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Iizuka D, Inanami O, Kashiwakura I and Kuwabara M: Purvalanol A enhances cell killing by inhibiting up-regulation of CDC2 kinase activity in tumor cells irradiated with high doses of X rays. Radiat Res. 167:563–571. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Hsu HP, Li CF, Lee SW, Wu WR, Chen TJ, Chang KY, Liang SS, Tsai CJ and Shiue YL: Overexpression of stathmin 1 confers an independent prognostic indicator in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Tumour Biol. 35:2619–2629. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Baquero MT, Hanna JA, Neumeister V, Cheng H, Molinaro AM, Harris LN and Rimm DL: Stathmin expression and its relationship to microtubule-associated protein tau and outcome in breast cancer. Cancer. 118:4660–4669. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Akhtar J, Wang Z, Jiang WP, Bi MM and Zhang ZP: Stathmin overexpression identifies high risk for lymphatic metastatic recurrence in pN0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 29:944–950. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Wegiel B, Wang Y, Li M, Jernigan F and Sun L: Novel indolyl-chalcones target stathmin to induce cancer cell death. Cell Cycle. 15:1288–1294. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Yip YY, Yeap YY, Bogoyevitch MA and Ng DC: Differences in c-Jun N-terminal kinase recognition and phosphorylation of closely related stathmin-family members. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 446:248–254. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Lu Y, Liu C, Xu YF, Cheng H, Shi S, Wu CT and Yu XJ: Stathmin destabilizing microtubule dynamics promotes malignant potential in cancer cells by epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 13:386–394. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Akhtar J, Wang Z, Yu C, Li CS, Shi YL and Liu HJ: STMN-1 is a potential marker of lymph node metastasis in distal esophageal adenocarcinomas and silencing its expression can reverse malignant phenotype of tumor cells. BMC Cancer. 14:282014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Lin X, Liu S, Luo X, Ma X, Guo L, Li L, Li Z, Tao Y and Cao Y: EBV-encoded LMP1 regulates Op18/stathmin signaling pathway by cdc2 mediation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer. 124:1020–1027. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Lin X, Liao Y, Xie J, Liu S, Su L and Zou H: Op18/stathmin is involved in the resistance of Taxol among different epithelial carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 29:376–386. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Lin X, Liao Y, Chen X, Long D, Yu T and Shen F: Regulation of oncoprotein 18/stathmin signaling by ERK concerns the resistance to Taxol in nonsmall cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 31:37–43. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Laurie SA, Solomon BJ, Seymour L, Ellis PM, Goss GD, Shepherd FA, Boyer MJ, Arnold AM, Clingan P, Laberge F, et al: Randomised, double-blind trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel with daily oral cediranib or placebo in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: NCIC Clinical Trials Group study BR29. Eur J Cancer. 50:706–712. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Wang T, Lv JH, Zhang XF, Li CJ, Han X and Sun YJ: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 protects MCF-7 breast cancer cells from paclitaxel-induced apoptosis by decreasing the stability of cyclin B1. Int J Cancer. 126:362–370. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Feng W, Xiaoyan X, Xuan Y, Xiangke L, Zichang Y, Ran Z, Liuxing W and Qingxia F: Silencing stathmin-modulating efficiency of chemotherapy for esophageal squamous cell cancer with paclitaxel. Cancer Gene Ther. 22:115–121. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Yared JA and Tkaczuk KH: Update on taxane development: New analogs and new formulations. Drug Des Devel Ther. 6:371–384. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Chen LK, Liang Y, Yang QY, Xu F, Zhou NN, Xu GC, Liu GZ and Wei WD: Triplet platinum-based combination sequential chemotherapy improves survival outcome and quality of life of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 13:1863–1867. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Lee HH, Ye S, Li XJ, Lee KB, Park MH and Kim SM: Combination treatment with paclitaxel and doxorubicin inhibits growth of human esophageal squamous cancer cells by inactivation of Akt. Oncol Rep. 31:183–188. 2014.

25 

Kang J, Sergio CM, Sutherland RL and Musgrove EA: Targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) but not CDK4/6 or CDK2 is selectively lethal to MYC-dependent human breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer. 14:322014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Hayashi T, Adachi K, Ohba S and Hirose Y: The Cdk inhibitor flavopiridol enhances temozolomide-induced cytotoxicity in human glioma cells. J Neurooncol. 115:169–178. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Meng F, Bhupathi D, Sun JD, Liu Q, Ahluwalia D, Wang Y, Matteucci MD and Hart CP: Enhancement of hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-302 anti-tumor activity by Chk1 inhibition. BMC Cancer. 15:4222015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Balasubramani M, Nakao C, Uechi GT, Cardamone J, Kamath K, Leslie KL, Balachandran R, Wilson L, Day BW and Jordan MA: Characterization and detection of cellular and proteomic alterations in stable stathmin-overexpressing, Taxol-resistant BT549 breast cancer cells using offgel IEF/PAGE difference gel electrophoresis. Mutat Res. 722:154–164. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar :

29 

Chen PW, Lin SJ, Tsai SC, Lin JH, Chen MR, Wang JT, Lee CP and Tsai CH: Regulation of microtubule dynamics through phosphorylation on stathmin by Epstein-Barr virus kinase BGLF4. J Biol Chem. 285:10053–10063. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Han ZX, Wang HM, Jiang G, Du XP, Gao XY and Pei DS: Overcoming paclitaxel resistance in lung cancer cells via dual inhibition of stathmin and Bcl-2. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 28:398–405. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Lin X, Tang M, Tao Y, Li L, Liu S, Guo L, Li Z, Ma X, Xu J and Cao Y: Epstein-Barr virus-encoded LMP1 triggers regulation of the ERK-mediated Op18/stathmin signaling pathway in association with cell cycle. Cancer Sci. 103:993–999. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

He H, Sun YP, Zheng L and Yue ZG: Steroidal saponins from Paris polyphylla induce apoptotic cell death and autophagy in A549 human lung cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 16:1169–1173. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Wu Y, Tang M, Wu Y, Weng X, Yang L, Xu W, Yi W, Gao J, Bode AM, Dong Z, et al: A combination of paclitaxel and siRNA-mediated silencing of Stathmin inhibits growth and promotes apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr). 37:53–67. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Xi Q, Huang M, Wang Y, Zhong J, Liu R, Xu G, Jiang L, Wang J, Fang Z and Yang S: The expression of CDK1 is associated with proliferation and can be a prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer. Tumour Biol. 36:4939–4948. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Yang JQ, Liu HX, Liang Z, Sun YM and Wu M: Over-expression of p53, p21 and Cdc2 in histologically negative surgical margins is correlated with local recurrence of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 7:4295–4302. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Chen X, Liao Y, Long D, Yu T, Shen F and Lin X: The Cdc2/Cdk1 inhibitor, purvalanol A, enhances the cytotoxic effects of taxol through Op18/stathmin in non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro. Int J Mol Med 40: 235-242, 2017.
APA
Chen, X., Liao, Y., Long, D., Yu, T., Shen, F., & Lin, X. (2017). The Cdc2/Cdk1 inhibitor, purvalanol A, enhances the cytotoxic effects of taxol through Op18/stathmin in non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 40, 235-242. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.2989
MLA
Chen, X., Liao, Y., Long, D., Yu, T., Shen, F., Lin, X."The Cdc2/Cdk1 inhibitor, purvalanol A, enhances the cytotoxic effects of taxol through Op18/stathmin in non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40.1 (2017): 235-242.
Chicago
Chen, X., Liao, Y., Long, D., Yu, T., Shen, F., Lin, X."The Cdc2/Cdk1 inhibitor, purvalanol A, enhances the cytotoxic effects of taxol through Op18/stathmin in non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40, no. 1 (2017): 235-242. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.2989
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Chen X, Liao Y, Long D, Yu T, Shen F and Lin X: The Cdc2/Cdk1 inhibitor, purvalanol A, enhances the cytotoxic effects of taxol through Op18/stathmin in non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro. Int J Mol Med 40: 235-242, 2017.
APA
Chen, X., Liao, Y., Long, D., Yu, T., Shen, F., & Lin, X. (2017). The Cdc2/Cdk1 inhibitor, purvalanol A, enhances the cytotoxic effects of taxol through Op18/stathmin in non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 40, 235-242. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.2989
MLA
Chen, X., Liao, Y., Long, D., Yu, T., Shen, F., Lin, X."The Cdc2/Cdk1 inhibitor, purvalanol A, enhances the cytotoxic effects of taxol through Op18/stathmin in non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40.1 (2017): 235-242.
Chicago
Chen, X., Liao, Y., Long, D., Yu, T., Shen, F., Lin, X."The Cdc2/Cdk1 inhibitor, purvalanol A, enhances the cytotoxic effects of taxol through Op18/stathmin in non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40, no. 1 (2017): 235-242. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.2989
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team