Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
December-2017 Volume 40 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2017 Volume 40 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Characterization of tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) interleukin-6 and its expression pattern in response to exogenous challenge

  • Authors:
    • Yuanyuan Han
    • Xiaomei Sun
    • Dexuan Kuang
    • Pinfen Tong
    • Caixia Lu
    • Wenguang Wang
    • Na Li
    • Yang Chen
    • Xiaoping Wang
    • Jiejie Dai
    • Huatang Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and System Biology, TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China, Chongqing Research Center of Biomedicine and Medical Equipment, Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401123, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Han et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1679-1690
    |
    Published online on: October 2, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3168
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Tree shrews, one of the closest relatives of primates, have attracted increasing attention as a model of human diseases, particularly for viral infections. As the first line of defense against microbial pathogens, the innate immune system is crucial in tree shrews. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is important in the pathophysiology of infection, inflammation and cancer, where it promotes disease development or sustains immune reactions. The present study aimed to obtain further insight into the tree shrew IL-6 (tsIL-6) system, and the function of tsIL-6 in the antiviral and antibacterial response. In the present study, the mRNA and genomic sequence of the tsIL-6 gene were characterized, and the tissue distribution and expression profile of this gene were analyzed in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) treatment. The full-length tsIL-6 mRNA consisted of 1,152 bp with an open reading frame of 627 bp encoding 208 amino acids, a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 62 bp, and a 3'-UTR of 436 bp. The genome sequence of the tsIL-6 gene was 5,265 bp in length, comprising of five exons and four introns. The predicted tsIL-6 protein contained a 25-amino-acid-long signal peptide and a conserved IL-6 domain. Phylogenetic analysis based on the coding sequences revealed that tsIL-6 was closely related to IL-6 in humans. Residues crucial for receptor binding were completely conserved in the tree shrew protein. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that tsIL-6 mRNA was expressed in all examined tissues of healthy tree shrews, with high levels in the muscle and spleen. Following poly I:C challenge, the expression levels of tsIL-6 were upregulated in four tissues associated with immune system, the liver, spleen, kidney and intestine. Taken together, the molecular and bioinformatics analyses based on the IL-6 sequence revealed that the tree shrew has a close phylogenetic association with humans. These results provide insight for future investigations on the structure and function of tsIL-6.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

View References

1 

Yang EB, Cao J, Su JJ and Chow P: The tree shrews: Useful animal models for the viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology. 52:613–616. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

2 

Fuchs E: Social stress in tree shrews as an animal model of depression: An example of a behavioral model of a CNS disorder. CNS. 10:182–190. 2005.

3 

Norton TT and Siegwart JT Jr: Light levels, refractive development, and myopia - a speculative review. Exp Eye Res. 114:48–57. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Guo L, Frost MR, Siegwart JT Jr and Norton TT: Scleral gene expression during recovery from myopia compared with expression during myopia development in tree shrew. Mol Vis. 20:1643–1659. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Ye L, He M, Huang Y, Zhao G, Lei Y, Zhou Y and Chen X: Tree shrew as a new animal model for the study of lung cancer. Oncol Lett. 11:2091–2095. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Lin N, Xiong LL, Zhang RP, Zheng H, Wang L, Qian ZY, Zhang P, Chen ZW, Gao FB and Wang TH: Injection of Aβ1-40 into hippocampus induced cognitive lesion associated with neuronal apoptosis and multiple gene expressions in the tree shrew. Apoptosis. 21:621–640. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Hunter CA and Jones SA: IL-6 as a keystone cytokine in health and disease. Nat Immunol. 16:448–457. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Lohrengel B, Lu M and Roggendorf M: Molecular cloning of the woodchuck cytokines: TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-6. Immunogenetics. 47:332–335. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Nagarajan G, Swami SK, Ghorui SK, Pathak KM, Singh RK and Patil NV: Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from Indian dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius). Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 34:291–298. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Takakura H, Mori Y and Tatsumi M: Molecular cloning of caprine IL-6 cDNA and its expression in insect cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 113:409–416. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Zhu Q, Li C, Yu ZX, Zou PF, Meng QX and Yao CL: Molecular and immune response characterizations of IL-6 in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 50:263–273. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Iliev DB, Castellana B, Mackenzie S, Planas JV and Goetz FW: Cloning and expression analysis of an IL-6 homolog in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Mol Immunol. 44:1803–1807. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Yu D, Wu Y, Xu L, Fan Y, Peng L, Xu M and Yao YG: Identification and characterization of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis). Dev Comp Immunol. 60:127–138. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Yu D, Xu L, Liu XH, Fan Y, Lü LB and Yao YG: Diverse interleukin-7 mRNA transcripts in Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis). PLoS One. 9:e998592014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Zheng Y, Yun C, Wang Q, Smith WW and Leng J: Identification of the full-length β-actin sequence and expression profiles in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri). Int J Mol Med. 35:519–524. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Fan Y, Yu D and Yao YG: Tree shrew database (TreeshrewDB): A genomic knowledge base for the Chinese tree shrew. Sci Rep. 4:71452014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Jain R, Gomer RH and Murtagh JJ Jr: Increasing specificity from the PCR-RACE technique. Biotechniques. 12:58–59. 1992.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Edgar RC: MUSCLE: Multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Res. 32:1792–1797. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Ronquist F and Huelsenbeck JP: MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics. 19:1572–1574. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Meyer X, Chopard B and Salamin N: Accelerating Bayesian inference for evolutionary biology models. Bioinformatics. 33:669–676. 2017.

21 

Stamatakis A, Ludwig T and Meier H: RAxML-III: A fast program for maximum likelihood-based inference of large phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics. 21:456–463. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Remans T, Smeets K, Opdenakker K, Mathijsen D, Vangronsveld J and Cuypers A: Normalisation of real-time RT-PCR gene expression measurements in Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to increased metal concentrations. Planta. 227:1343–1349. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Siemetzki U, Ashok MS, Briese T and Lipkin WI: Identification of RNA instability elements in Borna disease virus. Virus Res. 144:27–34. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Fu X, Ding Z, Fan J, Wang H, Zhou F, Cui L, Boxiang C, Wang W and Liu H: Characterization, promoter analysis and expression of the interleukin-6 gene in blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala. Fish Physiol Biochem. 42:1527–1540. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Lindblad-Toh K, Garber M, Zuk O, Lin MF, Parker BJ, Washietl S, Kheradpour P, Ernst J, Jordan G, Mauceli E, et al Broad Institute Sequencing Platform and Whole Genome Assembly Team; Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center Sequencing Team; Genome Institute at Washington University: A high-resolution map of human evolutionary constraint using 29 mammals. Nature. 478:476–482. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Zhou X, Sun F, Xu S, Yang G and Li M: The position of tree shrews in the mammalian tree: Comparing multi-gene analyses with phylogenomic results leaves monophyly of Euarchonta doubtful. Integr Zool. 10:186–198. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Boulanger MJ, Chow DC, Brevnova EE and Garcia KC: Hexameric structure and assembly of the interleukin-6/IL-6 alpha-receptor/gp130 complex. Science. 300:2101–2104. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Ikeda SI, Tamura Y, Kakehi S, Sanada H, Kawamori R and Watada H: Exercise-induced increase in IL-6 level enhances GLUT4 expression and insulin sensitivity in mouse skeletal muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 473:947–952. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Ono T, Maekawa K, Watanabe S, Oka H and Kuboki T: Muscle contraction accelerates IL-6 mRNA expression in the rat masseter muscle. Arch Oral Biol. 52:479–486. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Gleeson M: Interleukins and exercise. J Physiol. 529:12000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Hacham M, Cristal N, White RM, Segal S and Apte RN: Complementary organ expression of IL-1 vs. IL-6 and CSF-1 activities in normal and LPS-injected mice. Cytokine. 8:21–31. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Szot P, Franklin A, Figlewicz DP, Beuca TP, Bullock K, Hansen K, Banks WA, Raskind MA and Peskind ER: Multiple lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections alter interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-7, IL-10 and IL-6 and IL-7 receptor mRNA in CNS and spleen. Neuroscience. 355:9–21. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Jeong YH, Park JS, Kim DH, Kang JL and Kim HS: Anti-inflammatory mechanism of lonchocarpine in LPS- or poly(I:C)-induced neuroinflammation. Pharmacol Res. 119:431–442. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Kimura K, Orita T, Nomi N, Fujitsu Y, Nishida T and Sonoda KH: Identification of common secreted factors in human corneal fibroblasts exposed to LPS, poly(I:C), or zymosan. Exp Eye Res. 96:157–162. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Han Y, Sun X, Kuang D, Tong P, Lu C, Wang W, Li N, Chen Y, Wang X, Dai J, Dai J, et al: Characterization of tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) interleukin-6 and its expression pattern in response to exogenous challenge. Int J Mol Med 40: 1679-1690, 2017.
APA
Han, Y., Sun, X., Kuang, D., Tong, P., Lu, C., Wang, W. ... Zhang, H. (2017). Characterization of tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) interleukin-6 and its expression pattern in response to exogenous challenge. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 40, 1679-1690. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3168
MLA
Han, Y., Sun, X., Kuang, D., Tong, P., Lu, C., Wang, W., Li, N., Chen, Y., Wang, X., Dai, J., Zhang, H."Characterization of tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) interleukin-6 and its expression pattern in response to exogenous challenge". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40.6 (2017): 1679-1690.
Chicago
Han, Y., Sun, X., Kuang, D., Tong, P., Lu, C., Wang, W., Li, N., Chen, Y., Wang, X., Dai, J., Zhang, H."Characterization of tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) interleukin-6 and its expression pattern in response to exogenous challenge". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40, no. 6 (2017): 1679-1690. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3168
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Han Y, Sun X, Kuang D, Tong P, Lu C, Wang W, Li N, Chen Y, Wang X, Dai J, Dai J, et al: Characterization of tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) interleukin-6 and its expression pattern in response to exogenous challenge. Int J Mol Med 40: 1679-1690, 2017.
APA
Han, Y., Sun, X., Kuang, D., Tong, P., Lu, C., Wang, W. ... Zhang, H. (2017). Characterization of tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) interleukin-6 and its expression pattern in response to exogenous challenge. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 40, 1679-1690. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3168
MLA
Han, Y., Sun, X., Kuang, D., Tong, P., Lu, C., Wang, W., Li, N., Chen, Y., Wang, X., Dai, J., Zhang, H."Characterization of tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) interleukin-6 and its expression pattern in response to exogenous challenge". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40.6 (2017): 1679-1690.
Chicago
Han, Y., Sun, X., Kuang, D., Tong, P., Lu, C., Wang, W., Li, N., Chen, Y., Wang, X., Dai, J., Zhang, H."Characterization of tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) interleukin-6 and its expression pattern in response to exogenous challenge". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40, no. 6 (2017): 1679-1690. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3168
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team