Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
October-2020 Volume 46 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2020 Volume 46 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
Article Open Access

Overexpression of FcγRIIB regulates downstream protein phosphorylation and suppresses B cell activation to ameliorate systemic lupus erythematosus

  • Authors:
    • Linlin Sheng
    • Xiuqin Cao
    • Shuhong Chi
    • Jing Wu
    • Huihui Xing
    • Huiyu Liu
    • Zhiwei Yang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Sheng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1409-1422
    |
    Published online on: August 7, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4698
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The present study aimed to examine the effects of FcγRIIB on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. For this purpose, lentiviral vector carrying the membrane‑bound type FcγRIIB gene (mFcγRIIB lentivirus) and soluble FcγRIIB (sFcγRIIB) protein were used to treat B cells from patients with SLE. The B cells were treated with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) and anti‑calf thymus DNA‑immune complexes (anti‑ctDNA‑IC). mFcγRIIB lentivirus and sFcγRIIB protein were also injected into MRL/lpr SLE mice. The results revealed that anti‑ctDNA‑IC treatment significantly downregulated the IgG antibody secretion of B cells treated with mFcγRIIB lentivirus. mFcγRIIB and sFcγRIIB decreased the phosphorylation level of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) in B cells, and increased the phosphorylation level of Lyn proto‑oncogene (Lyn), docking protein 1 (DOK1) and inositol polyphosphate‑5‑phosphatase D (SHIP). mFcγRIIB promoted the apoptosis of B cells. Following the treatment of MRL/lpr SLE mice with mFcγRIIB lentivirus, the levels of urinary protein, serum anti‑nuclear and anti‑dsDNA antibodies were decreased, while the levels of mFcγRIIB in B cells were increased. mFcγRIIB ameliorated the pathologies of the kidneys, liver and lymph node tissues of the MRL/lpr SLE mice. Following treatment of the MRL/lpr SLE mice with sFcγRIIB, the levels of urinary protein, serum anti‑dsDNA antibody and BTK and SHIP phosphorylation levels in B cells were decreased, while the serum sFcγRIIB and sFcγRIIB‑IgG levels were increased. On the whole, the findings of the present study demonstrate that recombinant FcγRIIB inhibits the secretion of IgG antibody by B cells from patients with SLE, ameliorates the symptoms of SLE in mice, and alters the phosphorylation levels of downstream proteins of the FcγRIIB signaling pathway in B cells. These results suggest that FcγRIIB may play preventive and therapeutic roles in SLE by inhibiting B cell activation via the FcγRIIB signaling pathway, which provides a novel theory and strategy for the prevention and treatment of SLE.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

View References

1 

Das CM, Bezerra MC, Braga FN, da Justa Feijão MR, Gois AC, Rebouças VC, de Carvalho TM, Carvalho LN and Ribeiro ÁM: Clinical and immunological aspects and outcome of a Brazilian cohort of 414 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): Comparison between childhood-onset, adult-onset, and late-onset sle. Lupus. 25:355–363. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Pamuk ON, Balci MA, Donmez S and Tsokos GC: The incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in Thrace, 2003-2014: A 12-year epidemiological study. Lupus. 25:102–109. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Dema B and Charles N: Advances in mechanisms of systemic lupus erythematosus. Discov Med. 17:247–255. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Park MJ, Kwok SK, Lee SH, Kim EK, Park SH and Cho ML: Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells induce expansion of interleukin-10-producing regulatory B cells and ameliorate autoimmunity in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Cell Transplant. 24:2367–2377. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Park MJ, Lee SH, Kim EK, Lee EJ, Park SH, Kwok SK and Cho ML: Myeloid-Derived suppressor cells induce the expan-sion of regulatory B cells and ameliorate autoimmunity in the sanroque mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol. 68:2717–2727. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

McGaha TL, Ma Z, Ravishankar B, Gabunia K, McMenamin M and Madaio MP: Heterologous protein incites abnormal plasma cell accumulation and autoimmunity in MRL-MpJ mice. Autoimmunity. 45:279–289. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Taher TE, Bystrom J, Ong VH, Isenberg DA, Renaudineau Y, Abraham DJ and Mageed RA: Intracellular B lymphocyte signal-ling and the regulation of humoral immunity and autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 53:237–264. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Sondermann P and Oosthuizen V: The structure of Fc receptor/Ig complexes: Considerations on stoichiometry and potential inhibitors. Immunol Lett. 82:51–56. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Xu L, Li G, Wang J, Fan Y, Wan Z, Zhang S, Shaheen S, Li J, Wang L, Yue C, et al: Through an ITIM-independent mechanism the FcγRIIB blocks B cell activation by disrupting the colocalized microclustering of the B cell receptor and CD19. J Immunol. 192:5179–5191. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Pauls SD, Ray A, Hou S, Vaughan AT, Cragg MS and Marshall AJ: FcγRIIB-Independent mechanisms controlling membrane localization of the inhibitory phosphatase SHIP in human B cells. J Immunol. 197:1587–1596. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Lesourne R, Bruhns P, Fridman WH and Daëron M: Insufficient phosphorylation prevents fc gamma RIIB from recruiting the SH2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. J Biol Chem. 276:6327–6336. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Tackenberg B, Nimmerjahn F and Lunemann JD: Mechanisms of IVIG efficacy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating poly-neuropathy. J Clin Immunol. 30:S65–S69. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Chu SY, Yeter K, Kotha R, Pong E, Miranda Y, Phung S, Chen H, Lee SH, Leung I, Bonzon C, et al: Suppression of rheumatoid arthritis B cells by XmAb5871, an anti-CD19 antibody that coengages B cell antigen receptor complex and Fcγ receptor IIb inhibitory receptor. Arthritis Rheumatol. 66:1153–1164. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Gesheva V, Kerekov N, Nikolova K, Mihaylova N, Todorov T, Nikolova M and Tchorbanov A: Suppression of dsDNA-specific B lymphocytes reduces disease symptoms in SCID model of mouse lupus. Autoimmunity. 47:162–172. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Soni C, Domeier PP, Wong EB, Shwetank, Khan TN, Elias MJ, Schell SL, Lukacher AE, Cooper TK and Rahman ZS: Distinct and synergistic roles of FcγRIIB deficiency and 129 strain-derived SLAM family proteins in the development of spontaneous germinal centers and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun. 63:31–46. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Alegria-Schaffer A, Lodge A and Vattem K: Performing and optimizing western blots with an emphasis on chemiluminescent detection. Methods Enzymol. 463:573–599. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Nossent HC and Rekvig OP: Is closer linkage between systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies a desirable and attainable goal? Arthritis Res Ther. 7:85–87. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Sondermann P: The FcγR/IgG interaction as target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. J Clin Immuno. 36:95–99. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Wang J, Li Z, Xu L, Yang H and Liu W: Transmembrane domain dependent inhibitory function of FcγRIIB. Protein Cell. 9:1004–1012. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Roghanian A, Stopforth RJ, Dahal LN and Cragg MS: New revelations from an old receptor: Immunoregulatory functions of the inhibitory Fc gamma receptor, FcγRIIb (CD32B). J Leukoc Biol. 6:10022018.

21 

Zhang L, Cao XQ and Yang ZW: Preparation and function of human soluble FcγRIIb. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. 28:952–925. 2012.In Chinese. PubMed/NCBI

22 

Magnusson SE, Andren M, Nilsson KE, Sondermann P, Jacob U and Kleinau S: Amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis by human recombinant soluble FcgammaRIIb. Clin Immunol. 127:225–233. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Magro-Checa C, Schaarenburg RA, Beaart HJ, Huizinga TW, Steup-Beekman GM and Trouw LA: Complement levels and anti-C1q autoantibodies in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 25:878–888. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Sun JB, Xiang Z, Smith KG and Holmgren J: Important role for FcγRIIB on B lymphocytes for mucosal antigen-induced tolerance and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. J Immunol. 191:4412–4422. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Daëron M and Lesourne R: Negative signaling in Fc receptor complexes. Adv Immunol. 89:39–86. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Wong KE, Mora MC, Skinner M, Page SM, Crisi GM, Arenas RB, Schneider SS and Emrick T: Evaluation of PolyMPC-dox prodrugs in a human ovarian tumor model. Mol Pharm. 13:1679–1687. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Vásquez A, Baena A, González LA, Restrepo M, Muñoz CH, Vanegas-García A, Ortiz-Reyes B, Abdoel N, Rojas M, García LF and Vásquez G: Altered recruitment of lyn, syk and ZAP-70 into lipid rafts of activated B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Cell Signal. 58:9–19. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Corneth OB, Wolternil RG and Hendriks RW: BTK signaling in B cell differentiation and autoimmunity. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 393:67–105. 2016.

29 

Pauls SD and Marshall AJ: Regulation of immune cell signaling by SHIP1: A phosphatase, scaffold protein, and potential therapeutic target. Eur J Immunol. 47:932–945. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Wang Q, Vogan EM, Nocka LM, Rosen CE, Zorn JA, Harrison SC and Kuriyan J: Autoinhibition of bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) and activation by soluble inositol hexakisphosphate. Elife. 4:e060742015. View Article : Google Scholar :

31 

Akiyama M, Suzuki K, Yamaoka K, Yasuoka H, Takeshita M, Kaneko Y, Kondo H, Kassai Y, Miyazaki T, Morita R, et al: Number of circulating follicular helper 2 T cells correlates with IgG4 and interleukin-4 levels and plasmablast numbers in IgG4-related disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 67:2476–2481. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Awe O, Hufford MM, Wu H, Pham D, Chang HC, Jabeen R, Dent AL and Kaplan MH: Expression in T follicular helper cells limits CD40L-dependent germinal center B cell development. J Immunol. 195:3705–3715. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Iwata S and Tanaka Y: The importance of B cell-T cell inter-action in autoimmune diseases. Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi. 38:398–402. 2015.In Japanese. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Zhang M, Yu G, Chan B, Pearson JT, Rathanaswami P, Delaney J, Lim AC, Babcook J, Hsu H and Gavin MA: Interleukin-21 receptor blockade inhibits secondary humoral responses and halts the progression of preestablished disease in the (NZB x NZW)F1 systemic lupus erythematosus model. Arthritis Rheumatol. 67:2723–2731. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Seda V and Mraz M: B-Cell receptor signalling and its cross-talk with other pathways in normal and malignant cells. Eur J Haematol. 94:193–205. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Sheng L, Cao X, Chi S, Wu J, Xing H, Liu H and Yang Z: Overexpression of FcγRIIB regulates downstream protein phosphorylation and suppresses B cell activation to ameliorate systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Mol Med 46: 1409-1422, 2020.
APA
Sheng, L., Cao, X., Chi, S., Wu, J., Xing, H., Liu, H., & Yang, Z. (2020). Overexpression of FcγRIIB regulates downstream protein phosphorylation and suppresses B cell activation to ameliorate systemic lupus erythematosus. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 46, 1409-1422. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4698
MLA
Sheng, L., Cao, X., Chi, S., Wu, J., Xing, H., Liu, H., Yang, Z."Overexpression of FcγRIIB regulates downstream protein phosphorylation and suppresses B cell activation to ameliorate systemic lupus erythematosus". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46.4 (2020): 1409-1422.
Chicago
Sheng, L., Cao, X., Chi, S., Wu, J., Xing, H., Liu, H., Yang, Z."Overexpression of FcγRIIB regulates downstream protein phosphorylation and suppresses B cell activation to ameliorate systemic lupus erythematosus". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46, no. 4 (2020): 1409-1422. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4698
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Sheng L, Cao X, Chi S, Wu J, Xing H, Liu H and Yang Z: Overexpression of FcγRIIB regulates downstream protein phosphorylation and suppresses B cell activation to ameliorate systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Mol Med 46: 1409-1422, 2020.
APA
Sheng, L., Cao, X., Chi, S., Wu, J., Xing, H., Liu, H., & Yang, Z. (2020). Overexpression of FcγRIIB regulates downstream protein phosphorylation and suppresses B cell activation to ameliorate systemic lupus erythematosus. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 46, 1409-1422. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4698
MLA
Sheng, L., Cao, X., Chi, S., Wu, J., Xing, H., Liu, H., Yang, Z."Overexpression of FcγRIIB regulates downstream protein phosphorylation and suppresses B cell activation to ameliorate systemic lupus erythematosus". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46.4 (2020): 1409-1422.
Chicago
Sheng, L., Cao, X., Chi, S., Wu, J., Xing, H., Liu, H., Yang, Z."Overexpression of FcγRIIB regulates downstream protein phosphorylation and suppresses B cell activation to ameliorate systemic lupus erythematosus". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46, no. 4 (2020): 1409-1422. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4698
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team