Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
November-2020 Volume 46 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2020 Volume 46 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is overexpressed and contributes to radioresistance irrespective of HPV status in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

  • Authors:
    • Justus Kähler
    • Susanne Hafner
    • Tanja Popp
    • Cornelius Hermann
    • Alexis Rump
    • Matthias Port
    • Konrad Steinestel
    • Stefan Eder
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, D‑80937 Munich, Germany, Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Ulm, D‑89081 Ulm, Germany, Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, D‑89081 Ulm, Germany
    Copyright: © Kähler et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1733-1742
    |
    Published online on: September 2, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4718
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Radiotherapy is a major treatment option for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the success of radiotherapy is limited by tumor cell resistance to ionizing radiation (IR). Clinical studies have demonstrated an overall improved prognosis and higher susceptibility to radiotherapy of high‑risk human papillomavirus (HPV)‑associated HNSCC compared with classic HNSCC, as well as worse overall survival for male HNSCC patients. Overexpression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) K has been associated with resistance to radiotherapy in melanoma and colorectal carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of hnRNP K expression on the aggressiveness and radioresistance of HNSCC with respect to patient sex and HPV status. Immunohistochemical staining of HNSCC tissue specimens revealed elevated hnRNP K levels compared with those in the non‑neoplastic epithelium. Cytoplasmic hnRNP K accumulation was associated with advanced tumor stage and male sex. Exposure of HNSCC cells to IR was followed by rapid upregulation of hnRNP K at the protein level, along with re‑localization from the tumor cell nucleus to the cytoplasm. siRNA‑based knockdown of hnRNP K induced apoptosis and abolished tumor formation after xenotransplantation of HNSCC cells onto the chick egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). The observed effects were independent of the respective HPV status of the cell lines. These results indicated a tumorigenic and anti‑apoptotic role of hnRNP K in HNSCC, which appeared to be enhanced in male patients and contributed to the radioresistance of these tumors. However, the radioprotective effects of hnRNP K were found to be independent of the tumor's HPV status.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 65:87–108. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 68:394–424. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Franceschi S, Talamini R, Barra S, Baron AE, Negri E, Bidoli E, Serraino D and La Vecchia C: Smoking and drinking in relation to cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus in northern Italy. Cancer Res. 50:6502–6507. 1990.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Ang KK and Sturgis EM: Human papillomavirus as a marker of the natural history and response to therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Semin Radiat Oncol. 22:128–142. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Chaturvedi AK: Epidemiology and clinical aspects of HPV in head and neck cancers. Head Neck Pathol. 6(Suppl 1): S16–S24. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Chaturvedi AK, Engels EA, Pfeiffer RM, Hernandez BY, Xiao W, Kim E, Jiang B, Goodman MT, Sibug-Saber M, Cozen W, et al: Human papillomavirus and rising oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the United States. J Clin Oncol. 29:4294–4301. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Brouwer AF, Eisenberg MC and Meza R: Age effects and temporal trends in HPV-Related and HPV-Unrelated oral cancer in the United States: A multistage carcinogenesis modeling analysis. PLoS One. 11:e01510982016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Fakhry C, Westra WH, Li S, Cmelak A, Ridge JA, Pinto H, Forastiere A and Gillison ML: Improved survival of patients with human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in a prospective clinical trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 100:261–269. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Liu C, Mann D, Sinha UK and Kokot NC: The molecular mechanisms of increased radiosensitivity of HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC): An extensive review. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 47:592018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Moody CA and Laimins LA: Human papillomavirus oncoproteins: Pathways to transformation. Nat Rev Cancer. 10:550–560. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Barboro P, Ferrari N and Balbi C: Emerging roles of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) in cancer progression. Cancer Lett. 352:152–159. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Gallardo M, Hornbaker MJ, Zhang X, Hu P, Bueso-Ramos C and Post SM: Aberrant hnRNP K expression: All roads lead to cancer. Cell Cycle. 15:1552–1557. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Bomsztyk K, Denisenko O and Ostrowski J: hnRNP K: One protein multiple processes. Bioessays. 26:629–638. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Carpenter B, McKay M, Dundas SR, Lawrie LC, Telfer C and Murray GI: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is over expressed, aberrantly localised and is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 95:921–927. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Chen LC, Chung IC, Hsueh C, Tsang NM, Chi LM, Liang Y, Chen CC, Wang LJ and Chang YS: The antiapoptotic protein, FLIP, is regulated by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K and correlates with poor overall survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Cell Death Differ. 17:1463–1473. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Wu CS, Chang KP, Chen LC, Chen CC, Liang Y, Hseuh C and Chang YS: Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K and thymidine phosphorylase are independent prognostic and therapeutic markers for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol. 48:516–522. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Chen X, Gu P, Xie R, Han J, Liu H, Wang B, Xie W, Xie W, Zhong G, Chen C, et al: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is associated with poor prognosis and regulates proliferation and apoptosis in bladder cancer. J Cell Mol Med. 21:1266–1279. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar :

18 

Eder S, Arndt A, Lamkowski A, Daskalaki W, Rump A, Priller M, Genze F, Wardelmann E, Port M and Steinestel K: Baseline MAPK signaling activity confers intrinsic radioresistance to KRAS-mutant colorectal carcinoma cells by rapid upregulation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K). Cancer Lett. 385:160–167. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Matta A, Tripathi SC, DeSouza LV, Grigull J, Kaur J, Chauhan SS, Srivastava A, Thakar A, Shukla NK, Duggal R, et al: Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K is a marker of oral leukoplakia and correlates with poor prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 125:1398–1406. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Moumen A, Masterson P, O'Connor MJ and Jackson SP: hnRNP K: An HDM2 target and transcriptional coactivator of p53 in response to DNA damage. Cell. 123:1065–1078. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Haley B, Paunesku T, Protic M and Woloschak GE: Response of heterogeneous ribonuclear proteins (hnRNP) to ionising radiation and their involvement in DNA damage repair. Int J Radiat Biol. 85:643–655. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Wiesmann N, Strozynski J, Beck C, Zimmermann N, Mendler S, Gieringer R, Schmidtmann I and Brieger J: Knockdown of hnRNPK leads to increased DNA damage after irradiation and reduces survival of tumor cells. Carcinogenesis. 38:321–328. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Eder S, Lamkowski A, Priller M, Port M and Steinestel K: Radiosensitization and downregulation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) upon inhibition of mitogen/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) in malignant melanoma cells. Oncotarget. 6:17178–17191. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Strozynski J, Heim J, Bunbanjerdsuk S, Wiesmann N, Zografidou L, Becker SK, Meierl AM, Gouveris H, Lüddens H, Grus F and Brieger J: Proteomic identification of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K as irradiation responsive protein related to migration. J Proteomics. 113:154–161. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Steinestel K, Lennerz JK, Eder S, Kraft K and Arndt A: Invasion pattern and histologic features of tumor aggressiveness correlate with MMR protein expression, but are independent of activating KRAS and BRAF mutations in CRC. Virchows Arch. 465:155–163. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Liebau S, Steinestel J, Linta L, Kleger A, Storch A, Schoen M, Steinestel K, Proepper C, Bockmann J, Schmeisser MJ and Boeckers TM: An SK3 channel/nWASP/Abi-1 complex is involved in early neurogenesis. PLoS One. 6:e181482011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Kuan SL, Fischer S, Hafner S, Wang T, Syrovets T, Liu W, Tokura Y, Ng DYW, Riegger A, Förtsch C, et al: Boosting antitumor drug efficacy with chemically engineered multidomain proteins. Adv Sci (Weinh). 5:17010362018. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Zuo Z, Syrovets T, Wu Y, Hafner S, Vernikouskaya I, Liu W, Ma G, Weil T, Simmet T and Rasche V: The CAM cancer xenograft as a model for initial evaluation of MR labelled compounds. Sci Rep. 7:466902017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Tomayko MM and Reynolds CP: Determination of subcutaneous tumor size in athymic (nude) mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 24:148–154. 1989. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Fakhry C, Westra WH, Wang SJ, van Zante A, Zhang Y, Rettig E, Yin LX, Ryan WR, Ha PK, Wentz A, et al: The prognostic role of sex, race, and human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal and nonoropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell cancer. Cancer. 123:1566–1575. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Worsham MJ, Stephen JK, Chen KM, Mahan M, Schweitzer V, Havard S and Divine G: Improved survival with HPV among African Americans with oropharyngeal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 19:2486–2492. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Roychoudhury P and Chaudhuri K: Evidence for heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 97:574–576. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Gao R, Yu Y, Inoue A, Widodo N, Kaul SC and Wadhwa R: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K) promotes tumor metastasis by induction of genes involved in extracellular matrix, cell movement, and angiogenesis. J Biol Chem. 288:15046–15056. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Chung IC, Chen LC, Chung AK, Chao M, Huang HY, Hsueh C, Tsang NM, Chang KP, Liang Y, Li HP and Chang YS: Matrix metalloproteinase 12 is induced by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K and promotes migration and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. BMC Cancer. 14:3482014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Ang KK, Zhang Q, Rosenthal DI, Nguyen-Tan PF, Sherman EJ, Weber RS, Galvin JM, Bonner JA, Harris J, El-Naggar AK, et al: Randomized phase III trial of concurrent accelerated radiation plus cisplatin with or without cetuximab for stage III to IV head and neck carcinoma: RTOG 0522. J Clin Oncol. 32:2940–2950. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Gao X, Feng J, He Y, Xu F, Fan X, Huang W, Xiong H, Liu Q, Liu W, Liu X, et al: hnRNPK inhibits GSK3β Ser9 phosphorylation, thereby stabilizing c-FLIP and contributes to TRAIL resistance in H1299 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Sci Rep. 6:229992016. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Yang JH, Chiou YY, Fu SL, Shih IY, Weng TH, Lin WJ and Lin CH: Arginine methylation of hnRNPK negatively modulates apoptosis upon DNA damage through local regulation of phosphorylation. Nucleic Acids Res. 42:9908–9924. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Feliers D, Lee MJ, Ghosh-Choudhury G, Bomsztyk K and Kasinath BS: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K contributes to angiotensin II stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA translation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 293:F607–F615. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Sataranatarajan K, Lee MJ, Mariappan MM and Feliers D: PKCdelta regulates the stimulation of vascular endothelial factor mRNA translation by angiotensin II through hnRNP K. Cell Signal. 20:969–977. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kähler J, Hafner S, Popp T, Hermann C, Rump A, Port M, Steinestel K and Eder S: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is overexpressed and contributes to radioresistance irrespective of HPV status in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Mol Med 46: 1733-1742, 2020.
APA
Kähler, J., Hafner, S., Popp, T., Hermann, C., Rump, A., Port, M. ... Eder, S. (2020). Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is overexpressed and contributes to radioresistance irrespective of HPV status in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 46, 1733-1742. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4718
MLA
Kähler, J., Hafner, S., Popp, T., Hermann, C., Rump, A., Port, M., Steinestel, K., Eder, S."Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is overexpressed and contributes to radioresistance irrespective of HPV status in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46.5 (2020): 1733-1742.
Chicago
Kähler, J., Hafner, S., Popp, T., Hermann, C., Rump, A., Port, M., Steinestel, K., Eder, S."Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is overexpressed and contributes to radioresistance irrespective of HPV status in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46, no. 5 (2020): 1733-1742. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4718
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kähler J, Hafner S, Popp T, Hermann C, Rump A, Port M, Steinestel K and Eder S: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is overexpressed and contributes to radioresistance irrespective of HPV status in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Mol Med 46: 1733-1742, 2020.
APA
Kähler, J., Hafner, S., Popp, T., Hermann, C., Rump, A., Port, M. ... Eder, S. (2020). Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is overexpressed and contributes to radioresistance irrespective of HPV status in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 46, 1733-1742. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4718
MLA
Kähler, J., Hafner, S., Popp, T., Hermann, C., Rump, A., Port, M., Steinestel, K., Eder, S."Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is overexpressed and contributes to radioresistance irrespective of HPV status in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46.5 (2020): 1733-1742.
Chicago
Kähler, J., Hafner, S., Popp, T., Hermann, C., Rump, A., Port, M., Steinestel, K., Eder, S."Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is overexpressed and contributes to radioresistance irrespective of HPV status in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 46, no. 5 (2020): 1733-1742. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4718
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team