Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
August-2021 Volume 48 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2021 Volume 48 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Lycii radicis cortex inhibits glucocorticoid‑induced bone loss by downregulating Runx2 and BMP‑2 expression

  • Authors:
    • Bina Lee
    • Sooyeon Hong
    • Minsun Kim
    • Eun-Young Kim
    • Hi-Joon Park
    • Hyuk-Sang Jung
    • Jae-Hyun Kim
    • Youngjoo Sohn
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02‑447, Republic of Korea
    Copyright: © Lee et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 155
    |
    Published online on: June 23, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4988
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Lycii radicis cortex (LRC) has been used to regulate high blood pressure, body temperature, pain and bone disorders in East Asia. Glucocorticoids (GCs), also known as steroids, are potent immunity regulators widely used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, despite their effectiveness, GC usage is strictly controlled due to severe side‑effects, such as osteoporosis. However, further research is required as to date, at least to the best of our knowledge, there is no appropriate model to overcome secondary osteoporosis as a side‑effect of GC use. Thus, the aim of the present study was to establish an experimental model of osteoporosis induced by GC. Furthermore, the present study aimed to establish the research methodology for medical evaluations of the effectiveness and side‑effects of GCs. A secondary osteoporosis animal model was established, and the animals were divided into two groups as follows: The allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)‑induced group and the non‑ACD‑induced group. In the ACD‑induced group, a GC topical application group was compared with a GC subcutaneous injection group. The results revealed that the presence of ACD affected the induction of GC‑mediated osteoporosis. Therefore, the group exhibiting induced ACD that was treated with a topical application of GC was selected for examining the side‑effects of GCs. The effects of LRC on secondary osteoporosis were confirmed in vivo and in vitro. The results indicated that LRC regulated dexamethasone‑induced osteoblast apoptotic markers, including caspase‑6, caspase‑9, X‑linked inhibitor of apoptosis, apoptosis inhibitor 1 and apoptosis inhibitor 2, and increased the expression of osteoblast differentiation‑related genes, such as Runt‑related transcription factor 2 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 in the MC3T3E‑1 cell line. LRC also significantly reduced GC‑induced osteoporosis and exerted anti‑inflammatory effects in vivo. In addition, LRC inhibited the reduction of calbindin‑D28k in the kidney. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that the use of LRC alleviates GC‑induced secondary osteoporosis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

Figure 12

Figure 13

View References

1 

Frenkel B, White W and Tuckermann J: Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 872:179–215. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Henneicke H, Gasparini SJ, Brennan-Speranza TC, Zhou H and Seibel MJ: Glucocorticoids and bone: Local effects and systemic implications. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 25:197–211. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Mirza F and Canalis E: Management of endocrine disease: Secondary osteoporosis: pathophysiology and management. Eur J Endocrinol. 173:R131–151. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Tuck S and Francis R: Testosterone, bone and osteoporosis. Front Horm Res. 37:123–132. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Briot K and Roux C: Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. RMD Open. 1:e0000142015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Shen C, Chen F, Zhang Y, Guo Y and Ding M: Association between use of antiepileptic drugs and fracture risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Bone. 64:246–253. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Moura C, Bernatsky S, Abrahamowicz M, Papaioannou A, Bessette L, Adachi J, Goltzman D, Prior J, Kreiger N, Towheed T, et al: Antidepressant use and 10-year incident fracture risk: The population-based Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMoS). Osteoporos Int. 25:1473–1481. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Van Staa TP, Leufkens HG, Abenhaim L, Zhang B and Cooper C: Use of oral corticosteroids and risk of fractures. J Bone Miner Res. 15:993–1000. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Barnes PJ and Adcock IM: Glucocorticoid resistance in inflammatory diseases. Lancet. 373:1905–1917. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Schaaf MJ and Cidlowski JA: Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action and resistance. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 83:37–48. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Xie LW, Atanasov AG, Guo DA, Malainer C, Zhang JX, Zehl M, Guan SH, Heiss EH, Urban E, Dirsch VM and Kopp B: Activity-guided isolation of NF-κB inhibitors and PPARγ agonists from the root bark of Lycium chinense Miller. J Ethnopharmacol. 152:470–477. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Gao D, Li Q, Liu Z, Li Y, Liu Z, Fan Y, Li K, Han Z and Li J: Hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of action of Cortex Lycii Radicis on alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Yakugaku Zasshi. 127:1715–1721. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Kim JH, Kim EY, Lee B, Min JH, Song DU, Lim JM, Eom JW, Yeom M, Jung HS and Sohn Y: The effects of Lycii Radicis Cortex on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and activation in RAW 264.7 cells. Int J Mol Med. 37:649–658. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Park E, Jin HS, Cho DY, Kim J, Kim MC, Choi CW, Jin Y, Lee JW, Park JH, Chung YS, et al: The effect of Lycii Radicis Cortex extract on bone formation in vitro and in vivo. Molecules. 19:19594–19609. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Park E, Kim J, Kim MC, Yeo S, Kim J, Park S, Jo M, Choi CW, Jin HS, Lee SW, et al: Anti-osteoporotic effects of kukoamine B Isolated from Lycii radicis cortex extract on osteoblast and osteoclast cells and ovariectomized osteoporosis model mice. Int J Mol Sci. 20:27842019. View Article : Google Scholar :

16 

Kim J, Lee H, Kang KS, Chun KH and Hwang GS: Protective effect of Korean Red Ginseng against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in vitro and in vivo. J Ginseng Res. 39:46–53. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Ma Y, Yang H and Huang J: Icariin ameliorates dexamethasone-induced bone deterioration in an experimental mouse model via activation of microRNA186 inhibition of cathepsin K. Mol Med Rep. 17:1633–1641. 2018.

18 

Kim EY, Kim JH, Kim M, Park JH, Sohn Y and Jung HS: Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai alleviates postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats and prevents RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol. 257:1128282020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Kim M, Kim HS, Kim JH, Kim EY, Lee B, Lee SY, Jun JY, Kim MB, Sohn Y and Jung HS: Chaenomelis fructus inhibits osteoclast differentiation by suppressing NFATc1 expression and prevents ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. BMC Complement Med Ther. 20:352020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Kim JH, Kim M, Jung HS and Sohn Y: Leonurus sibiricus L. ethanol extract promotes osteoblast differentiation and inhibits osteoclast formation. Int J Mol Med. 44:913–926. 2019.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Konappa N, Udayashankar AC, Krishnamurthy S, Pradeep CK, Chowdappa S and Jogaiah S: GC-MS analysis of phytoconstituents from Amomum nilgiricum and molecular docking interactions of bioactive serverogenin acetate with target proteins. Sci Rep. 10:164382020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Zhang EY, Chen AY and Zhu BT: Mechanism of dinitrochlorobenzene-induced dermatitis in mice: Role of specific antibodies in pathogenesis. PLoS One. 4:e77032009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Park G, Kim HG, Lim S, Lee W, Sim Y and Oh MS: Coriander alleviates 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced contact dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice. J Med Food. 17:862–868. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Hiura K, Sumitani K, Kawata T, Higashino K, Okawa M, Sato T, Hakeda Y and Kumegawa M: Mouse osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) at different stages of differentiation have opposite effects on osteoclastic cell formation. Endocrinology. 128:1630–1637. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Elhelu MA: The role of macrophages in immunology. J Natl Med Assoc. 75:314–317. 1983.PubMed/NCBI

26 

van Rossum EF and Lamberts SW: Glucocorticoid resistance syndrome: A diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 20:611–626. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Potterat O: Goji (Lycium barbarum and L. Chinense): Phytochemistry, pharmacology and safety in the perspective of traditional uses and recent popularity. Planta Med. 76:7–19. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Moghadam-Kia S and Werth VP: Prevention and treatment of systemic glucocorticoid side effects. Int J Dermatol. 49:239–248. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Lagos BR and Maibach HI: Frequency of application of topical corticosteroids: An overview. Br J Dermatol. 139:763–766. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Haeck I, van Velsen S, de Bruin-Weller M and Bruijnzeel-Koomen C: Bone mineral density in patients with atopic dermatitis. Chem Immunol Allergy. 96:96–99. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Garg NK and Silverberg JI: Eczema is associated with osteoporosis and fractures in adults: A US population-based study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 135:1085–1087 e2. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Zhang J, Song J and Shao J: Icariin attenuates glucocorticoid-induced bone deteriorations, hypocalcemia and hypercalciuria in mice. Int J Clin Exp Med. 8:7306–7314. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Fan S, Gao X, Chen P and Li X: Myricetin ameliorates glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis through the ERK signaling pathway. Life Sci. 207:205–211. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Shalhoub V, Conlon D, Tassinari M, Quinn C, Partridge N, Stein GS and Lian JB: Glucocorticoids promote development of the osteoblast phenotype by selectively modulating expression of cell growth and differentiation associated genes. J Cell Biochem. 50:425–440. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Igarashi M, Kamiya N, Hasegawa M, Kasuya T, Takahashi T and Takagi M: Inductive effects of dexamethasone on the gene expression of Cbfa1, Osterix and bone matrix proteins during differentiation of cultured primary rat osteoblasts. J Mol Histol. 35:3–10. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Parkinson IH and Fazzalari NL: Interrelationships between structural parameters of cancellous bone reveal accelerated structural change at low bone volume. J Bone Miner Res. 18:2200–2205. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Kutuzova GD, Akhter S, Christakos S, Vanhooke J, Kimmel-Jehan C and Deluca HF: Calbindin D(9k) knockout mice are indistinguishable from wild-type mice in phenotype and serum calcium level. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 103:12377–12381. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Christakos S, Gabrielides C and Rhoten WB: Vitamin D-dependent calcium binding proteins: Chemistry, distribution, functional considerations, and molecular biology. Endocr Rev. 10:3–26. 1989. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Bellido T, Huening M, Raval-Pandya M, Manolagas SC and Christakos S: Calbindin-D28k is expressed in osteoblastic cells and suppresses their apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-3 activity. J Biol Chem. 275:26328–26332. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Kim MH, Lee GS, Jung EM, Choi KC, Oh GT and Jeung EB: Dexamethasone differentially regulates renal and duodenal calcium-processing genes in calbindin-D9k and -D28k knockout mice. Exp Physiol. 94:138–151. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Church MK and Levi-Schaffer F: The human mast cell. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 99:155–160. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Schoepe S, Schacke H, May E and Asadullah K: Glucocorticoid therapy-induced skin atrophy. Exp Dermatol. 15:406–420. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Ji YZ, Geng L, Zhou HB, Wei HC and Chen HD: Chinese herbal medicine Yougui Pill reduces exogenous glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in anterior pituitary cells. Neural Regen Res. 11:1962–1968. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Chua CC, Chua BH, Chen Z, Landy C and Hamdy RC: Dexamethasone induces caspase activation in murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1642:79–85. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Li P, Nijhawan D, Budihardjo I, Srinivasula SM, Ahmad M, Alnemri ES and Wang X: Cytochrome c and dATP-dependent formation of Apaf-1/caspase-9 complex initiates an apoptotic protease cascade. Cell. 91:479–489. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Fischer U and Schulze-Osthoff K: New approaches and therapeutics targeting apoptosis in disease. Pharmacol Rev. 57:187–215. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Trapp T, Korhonen L, Besselmann M, Martinez R, Mercer EA and Lindholm D: Transgenic mice overexpressing XIAP in neurons show better outcome after transient cerebral ischemia. Mol Cell Neurosci. 23:302–313. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Riggs BL and Melton LJ III: The prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 327:620–627. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Owen TA, Aronow M, Shalhoub V, Barone LM, Wilming L, Tassinari MS, Kennedy MB, Pockwinse S, Lian JB and Stein GS: Progressive development of the rat osteoblast phenotype in vitro: Reciprocal relationships in expression of genes associated with osteoblast proliferation and differentiation during formation of the bone extracellular matrix. J Cell Physiol. 143:420–430. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Huang W, Rudkin GH, Carlsen B, Ishida K, Ghasri P, Anvar B, Yamaguchi DT and Miller TA: Overexpression of BMP-2 modulates morphology, growth, and gene expression in osteoblastic cells. Exp Cell Res. 274:226–234. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Lee KS, Kim HJ, Li QL, Chi XZ, Ueta C, Komori T, Wozney JM, Kim EG, Choi JY, Ryoo HM and Bae SC: Runx2 is a common target of transforming growth factor beta1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2, and cooperation between Runx2 and Smad5 induces osteoblast-specific gene expression in the pluripotent mesenchymal precursor cell line C2C12. Mol Cell Biol. 20:8783–8792. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Gu H, Boonanantanasarn K, Kang M, Kim I, Woo KM, Ryoo HM and Baek JH: Morinda citrifolia leaf extract enhances osteogenic differentiation through activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. J Med Food. 21:57–69. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Schaaf MJ and Cidlowski JA: Molecular determinants of glucocorticoid receptor mobility in living cells: The importance of ligand affinity. Mol Cell Biol. 23:1922–1934. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Maltese P, Canestrari E, Palma L, Ruzzo A, Corini F, Menotta M, Andreoni F, Latiano A, Annese V and Magnani M: High resolution melting (HRM) analysis for the detection of ER22/23EK, BclI, and N363S polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor gene. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 113:269–274. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

De Bosscher K, Vanden Berghe W and Haegeman G: The interplay between the glucocorticoid receptor and nuclear factor-kappaB or activator protein-1: Molecular mechanisms for gene repression. Endocr Rev. 24:488–522. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Dostert A and Heinzel T: Negative glucocorticoid receptor response elements and their role in glucocorticoid action. Curr Pharm Des. 10:2807–2816. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Charmandari E, Kino T, Ichijo T and Chrousos GP: Generalized glucocorticoid resistance: Clinical aspects, molecular mechanisms, and implications of a rare genetic disorder. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 93:1563–1572. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Blind RD and Garabedian MJ: Differential recruitment of glucocorticoid receptor phospho-isoforms to glucocorticoid-induced genes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 109:150–157. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Wang Z, Chen W, Kono E, Dang T and Garabedian MJ: Modulation of glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation and transcriptional activity by a C-terminal-associated protein phosphatase. Mol Endocrinol. 21:625–634. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

60 

Woodbury R and Kligman AM: The hairless mouse model for assaying the atrophogenicity of topical corticosteroids. Acta Derm Venereol. 72:403–406. 1992.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lee B, Hong S, Kim M, Kim E, Park H, Jung H, Kim J and Sohn Y: <em>Lycii radicis</em> cortex inhibits glucocorticoid‑induced bone loss by downregulating Runx2 and BMP‑2 expression. Int J Mol Med 48: 155, 2021.
APA
Lee, B., Hong, S., Kim, M., Kim, E., Park, H., Jung, H. ... Sohn, Y. (2021). <em>Lycii radicis</em> cortex inhibits glucocorticoid‑induced bone loss by downregulating Runx2 and BMP‑2 expression. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 48, 155. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4988
MLA
Lee, B., Hong, S., Kim, M., Kim, E., Park, H., Jung, H., Kim, J., Sohn, Y."<em>Lycii radicis</em> cortex inhibits glucocorticoid‑induced bone loss by downregulating Runx2 and BMP‑2 expression". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 48.2 (2021): 155.
Chicago
Lee, B., Hong, S., Kim, M., Kim, E., Park, H., Jung, H., Kim, J., Sohn, Y."<em>Lycii radicis</em> cortex inhibits glucocorticoid‑induced bone loss by downregulating Runx2 and BMP‑2 expression". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 48, no. 2 (2021): 155. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4988
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lee B, Hong S, Kim M, Kim E, Park H, Jung H, Kim J and Sohn Y: <em>Lycii radicis</em> cortex inhibits glucocorticoid‑induced bone loss by downregulating Runx2 and BMP‑2 expression. Int J Mol Med 48: 155, 2021.
APA
Lee, B., Hong, S., Kim, M., Kim, E., Park, H., Jung, H. ... Sohn, Y. (2021). <em>Lycii radicis</em> cortex inhibits glucocorticoid‑induced bone loss by downregulating Runx2 and BMP‑2 expression. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 48, 155. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4988
MLA
Lee, B., Hong, S., Kim, M., Kim, E., Park, H., Jung, H., Kim, J., Sohn, Y."<em>Lycii radicis</em> cortex inhibits glucocorticoid‑induced bone loss by downregulating Runx2 and BMP‑2 expression". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 48.2 (2021): 155.
Chicago
Lee, B., Hong, S., Kim, M., Kim, E., Park, H., Jung, H., Kim, J., Sohn, Y."<em>Lycii radicis</em> cortex inhibits glucocorticoid‑induced bone loss by downregulating Runx2 and BMP‑2 expression". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 48, no. 2 (2021): 155. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4988
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team