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Dickkopf‑3 and β‑catenin play opposite roles in the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway during the abnormal subchondral bone formation of human knee osteoarthritis

  • Authors:
    • Xuegang Liang
    • Qunhua Jin
    • Xiaochun Yang
    • Wenhui Jiang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Orthopedics, Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750000, P.R. China, Clinical Medical College, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shanxi 710000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Liang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 48
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    Published online on: February 9, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2022.5103
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Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is condition which poses a main concern to the aging population and its severity is expected to increase with the increasing life expectancy. In the future, several possible targets for OA treatment need to be defined. Dickkopf‑related protein 3 (DKK3) is an atypical member of the Wnt‑antagonistic dickkopf‑related protein (DKK) family. The availability of research into the role of DKK3 in the abnormal remodeling of subchondral bone in human knee joints is currently limited. Thus, the aim of the present study was the evaluation of DKK3 expression in the abnormal bone remodeling of subchondral bone in human knee OA in order to clarify the role of DKK3 in subchondral bone remodeling and to acknowledge its potential relevance to β‑catenin. In total, 38 specimens were collected from osteotomies of the medial tibial plateau of the human knee. The patient samples were then divided into the normal, mild, moderate and severe symptom groups, according to the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score. Following hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Safranin O‑fast green staining for alkaline phosphatase (AZO method), changes in the distribution and number of osteocytes in the subchondral bone and the degree of sclerosis of the subchondral bone were observed. Immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence, western blot analysis and reverse‑transcription quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR) were used for the detection of DKK3 and β‑catenin expression level changes in osteoblasts in the subchondral bone of the medial tibial plateau. H&E and alkaline phosphatase staining revealed that the total number of osteocytes in the subchondral bone increased with the severity of the disease. The samples were also evaluated using Safranin O‑Fast Green staining and were attributed a score according to the OARSI scoring system: The scoring number and cartilage damage increased along with OA severity. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that β‑catenin expression in osteocytes increased from mild to moderate, whereas DKK3 expression decreased with the development of arthritis from normal, mild to moderate. According to the results of western blot analysis, β‑catenin expression was higher in moderate OA and then decreased in severe OA. On the other hand, the DKK3 levels decreased along with the progression from normal, mild to moderate OA. The results of RT‑qPCR demonstrated that β‑catenin and DKK3 gene expression differed with the degree of OA. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that DKK3 and β‑catenin may play opposite roles in OA subchondral bone remodeling.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liang X, Jin Q, Yang X and Jiang W: Dickkopf‑3 and β‑catenin play opposite roles in the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway during the abnormal subchondral bone formation of human knee osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Med 49: 48, 2022.
APA
Liang, X., Jin, Q., Yang, X., & Jiang, W. (2022). Dickkopf‑3 and β‑catenin play opposite roles in the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway during the abnormal subchondral bone formation of human knee osteoarthritis. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 49, 48. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2022.5103
MLA
Liang, X., Jin, Q., Yang, X., Jiang, W."Dickkopf‑3 and β‑catenin play opposite roles in the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway during the abnormal subchondral bone formation of human knee osteoarthritis". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 49.4 (2022): 48.
Chicago
Liang, X., Jin, Q., Yang, X., Jiang, W."Dickkopf‑3 and β‑catenin play opposite roles in the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway during the abnormal subchondral bone formation of human knee osteoarthritis". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 49, no. 4 (2022): 48. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2022.5103
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liang X, Jin Q, Yang X and Jiang W: Dickkopf‑3 and β‑catenin play opposite roles in the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway during the abnormal subchondral bone formation of human knee osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Med 49: 48, 2022.
APA
Liang, X., Jin, Q., Yang, X., & Jiang, W. (2022). Dickkopf‑3 and β‑catenin play opposite roles in the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway during the abnormal subchondral bone formation of human knee osteoarthritis. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 49, 48. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2022.5103
MLA
Liang, X., Jin, Q., Yang, X., Jiang, W."Dickkopf‑3 and β‑catenin play opposite roles in the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway during the abnormal subchondral bone formation of human knee osteoarthritis". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 49.4 (2022): 48.
Chicago
Liang, X., Jin, Q., Yang, X., Jiang, W."Dickkopf‑3 and β‑catenin play opposite roles in the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway during the abnormal subchondral bone formation of human knee osteoarthritis". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 49, no. 4 (2022): 48. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2022.5103
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