Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
April-2023 Volume 51 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2023 Volume 51 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Metformin reverses oxidative stress‑induced mitochondrial dysfunction in pre‑osteoblasts via the EGFR/GSK‑3β/calcium pathway

  • Authors:
    • Fangming Cao
    • Keda Yang
    • Shui Qiu
    • Jie Li
    • Wen Jiang
    • Lin Tao
    • Yue Zhu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Cao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 36
    |
    Published online on: March 27, 2023
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5239
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of osteoblast apoptosis induced by post‑menopausal osteoporosis. The authors previously found that metformin can reverse the loss of bone mass in post‑menopausal osteoporosis. The present study aimed to further clarify the effects and mechanisms of action of metformin in post‑menopausal osteoporosis under conditions of oxidative stress. Combined with an in‑depth investigation using the transcriptome database, the association between oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in post‑menopausal osteoporosis was confirmed. A pre‑osteoblast model of oxidative stress was constructed, and the apoptotic rate following the addition of hydrogen peroxide and metformin was detected using CCK‑8 assay and Annexin V‑FITC/PI staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected using the JC‑1 dye, the intracellular calcium concentration was detected using Fluo‑4 AM, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was observed using DCFH‑DA, and the mitochondrial superoxide level was observed using MitoSOX Red. Bay K8644 was used to increase the level of intracellular calcium. siRNA was used to interfere with the expression of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‑3β. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of mitochondrial dysfunction‑related proteins. The results revealed that oxidative stress decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased intracellular ROS, mitochondrial superoxide and cytoplasmic calcium levels in pre‑osteoblasts; however, metformin improved mitochondrial dysfunction and reversed oxidative stress‑induced injury. Metformin inhibited mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, suppressed the cytoplasmic calcium influx and reversed pre‑osteoblast apoptosis by promoting GSK‑3β phosphorylation. Moreover, it was found that EGFR was the cell membrane receptor of metformin in pre‑osteoblasts, and the EGFR/GSK‑3β/calcium axis played a key role in metformin reversing the oxidative stress response of pre‑osteoblasts in post‑menopausal osteoporosis. On the whole, these findings provide a pharmacological basis for the use of metformin for the treatment of post‑menopausal osteoporosis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Bandeira L and Bilezikian JP: Novel therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 46:207–219. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R and Reginster JY; Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis (ESCEO) and the Committees of Scientific Advisors and National Societies of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF): European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 30:3–44. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Black DM and Rosen CJ: Clinical practice. Postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 374:254–262. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Kespohl B, Schumertl T, Bertrand J, Lokau J and Garbers C: The cytokine interleukin-11 crucially links bone formation, remodeling and resorption. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 60:18–27. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Appelman-Dijkstra NM and Papapoulos SE: Modulating bone resorption and bone formation in opposite directions in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Drugs. 75:1049–1058. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Li J, Li X, Liu D, Hamamura K, Wan Q, Na S, Yokota H and Zhang P: eIF2α signaling regulates autophagy of osteoblasts and the development of osteoclasts in OVX mice. Cell Death Dis. 10:9212019. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Zhao F, Guo L, Wang X and Zhang Y: Correlation of oxidative stress-related biomarkers with postmenopausal osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Osteoporos. 16:42021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Mohamad NV, Ima-Nirwana S and Chin KY: Are oxidative stress and inflammation mediators of bone loss due to estrogen deficiency? A review of current evidence. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 20:1478–1487. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Vatner SF, Zhang J, Oydanich M, Berkman T, Naftalovich R and Vatner DE: Healthful aging mediated by inhibition of oxidative stress. Ageing Res Rev. 64:1011942020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Sies H and Jones DP: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 21:363–383. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Wang FS, Wu RW, Chen YS, Ko JY, Jahr H and Lian WS: Biophysical modulation of the mitochondrial metabolism and redox in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis: How biophysics converts into bioenergetics. Antioxidants (Basel). 10:13942021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Khosla S and Hofbauer LC: Osteoporosis treatment: Recent developments and ongoing challenges. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 5:898–907. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Arceo-Mendoza RM and Camacho PM: Postmenopausal osteoporosis: Latest guidelines. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 50:167–178. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Ensrud KE: Bisphosphonates for postmenopausal osteoporosis. JAMA. 325:962021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Buckley L, Guyatt G, Fink HA, Cannon M, Grossman J, Hansen KE, Humphrey MB, Lane NE, Magrey M, Miller M, et al: 2017 American college of rheumatology guideline for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 69:1521–1537. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Reid IR: A broader strategy for osteoporosis interventions. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 16:333–339. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Lv Z and Guo Y: Metformin and its benefits for various diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 11:1912020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Foretz M, Guigas B, Bertrand L, Pollak M and Viollet B: Metformin: From mechanisms of action to therapies. Cell Metab. 20:953–966. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Tseng CH: Metformin use is associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis/vertebral fracture in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Endocrinol. 184:299–310. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Jiating L, Buyun J and Yinchang Z: Role of metformin on osteoblast differentiation in type 2 diabetes. Biomed Res Int. 2019:92039342019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Wang X, Sun Q, Jiang Q, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Cao J, Lu L, Li C, Wei P, Wang Q and Wang Y: Cryptotanshinone ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by targeting Akt-GSK-3β-mPTP pathway in vitro. Molecules. 26:14602021. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Yang K, Cao F, Qiu S, Jiang W, Tao L and Zhu Y: Metformin promotes differentiation and attenuates H2O2-induced oxidative damage of osteoblasts via the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Front Pharmacol. 13:8298302022. View Article : Google Scholar :

23 

Yang K, Pei L, Zhou S, Tao L and Zhu Y: Metformin attenuates H2O2-induced osteoblast apoptosis by regulating SIRT3 via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Exp Ther Med. 22:13162021. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Bai J, Xie N, Hou Y, Chen X, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Meng X, Wang X and Tang C: The enhanced mitochondrial dysfunction by cantleyoside confines inflammatory response and promotes apoptosis of human HFLS-RA cell line via AMPK/Sirt 1/NF-κB pathway activation. Biomed Pharmacother. 149:1128472022. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Zhang R, Li G, Zhang Q, Tang Q, Huang J, Hu C, Liu Y, Wang Q, Liu W, Gao N and Zhou S: Hirsutine induces mPTP-dependent apoptosis through ROCK1/PTEN/PI3K/GSK3β pathway in human lung cancer cells. Cell Death Dis. 9:5982018. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Roskoski R Jr: Small molecule inhibitors targeting the EGFR/ErbB family of protein-tyrosine kinases in human cancers. Pharmacol Res. 139:395–411. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Wang S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ye P, Li J, Li H, Ding Q and Xia J: Amphiregulin confers regulatory T cell suppressive function and tumor invasion via the EGFR/GSK-3β/Foxp3 axis. J Biol Chem. 291:21085–21095. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Sanchez-Rangel E and Inzucchi SE: Metformin: Clinical use in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 60:1586–1593. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Cameron AR, Morrison VL, Levin D, Mohan M, Forteath C, Beall C, McNeilly AD, Balfour DJ, Savinko T, Wong AK, et al: Anti-inflammatory effects of metformin irrespective of diabetes status. Circ Res. 119:652–665. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Yang TC, Duthie GG, Aucott LS and Macdonald HM: Vitamin E homologues α- and γ-tocopherol are not associated with bone turnover markers or bone mineral density in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 27:2281–2290. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Kulkarni AS, Gubbi S and Barzilai N: Benefits of metformin in attenuating the hallmarks of aging. Cell Metab. 32:15–30. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Zhang T, Liu Q, Gao W, Sehgal SA and Wu H: The multifaceted regulation of mitophagy by endogenous metabolites. Autophagy. 18:1216–1239. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar :

33 

Abate M, Festa A, Falco M, Lombardi A, Luce A, Grimaldi A, Zappavigna S, Sperlongano P, Irace C, Caraglia M and Misso G: Mitochondria as playmakers of apoptosis, autophagy and senescence. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 98:139–153. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Panel M, Ghaleh B and Morin D: Mitochondria and aging: A role for the mitochondrial transition pore? Aging Cell. 17:e127932018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Wu Y, Yang M, Fan J, Peng Y, Deng L, Ding Y, Yang R, Zhou J, Miao D and Fu Q: Deficiency of osteoblastic Arl6ip5 impaired osteoblast differentiation and enhanced osteoclastogenesis via disturbance of ER calcium homeostasis and induction of ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Cell Death Dis. 5:e14642014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Zhu P, Hu S, Jin Q, Li D, Tian F, Toan S, Li Y, Zhou H and Chen Y: Ripk3 promotes ER stress-induced necroptosis in cardiac IR injury: A mechanism involving calcium overload/XO/ROS/mPTP pathway. Redox Biol. 16:157–168. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

NavaneethaKrishnan S, Rosales JL and Lee KY: mPTP opening caused by Cdk5 loss is due to increased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Oncogene. 39:2797–2806. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Nagini S, Sophia J and Mishra R: Glycogen synthase kinases: Moonlighting proteins with theranostic potential in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol. 56:25–36. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Lal H, Ahmad F, Woodgett J and Force T: The GSK-3 family as therapeutic target for myocardial diseases. Circ Res. 116:138–149. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Morciano G, Naumova N, Koprowski P, Valente S, Sardão VA, Potes Y, Rimessi A, Wieckowski MR and Oliveira PJ: The mitochondrial permeability transition pore: An evolving concept critical for cell life and death = The GSK-3 family as therapeutic target for myocardial diseases. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 96:2489–2521. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Karch J, Bround MJ, Khalil H, Sargent MA, Latchman N, Terada N, Peixoto PM and Molkentin JD: Inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition by deletion of the ANT family and CypD. Sci Adv. 5:eaaw45972019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Wang H, Ai J, Shopit A, Niu M, Ahmed N, Tesfaldet T, Tang Z, Li X, Jamalat Y, Chu P, et al: Protection of pancreatic β-cell by phosphocreatine through mitochondrial improvement via the regulation of dual AKT/IRS-1/GSK-3β and STAT3/Cyp-D signaling pathways. Cell Biol Toxicol. 38:531–551. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Hu Z, Crump SM, Zhang P and Abbott GW: Kcne2 deletion attenuates acute post-ischaemia/reperfusion myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res. 110:227–237. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Ding L and Billadeau DD: Glycogen synthase kinase-3β: A novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 24:417–426. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Kim DH, Triet HM and Ryu SH: Regulation of EGFR activation and signaling by lipids on the plasma membrane. Prog Lipid Res. 83:1011152021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Liu G, Xie Y, Su J, Qin H, Wu H, Li K, Yu B and Zhang X: The role of EGFR signaling in age-related osteoporosis in mouse cortical bone. FASEB J. 33:11137–11147. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Phukan S, Babu VS, Kannoji A, Hariharan R and Balaji VN: GSK3beta: Role in therapeutic landscape and development of modulators. Br J Pharmacol. 160:1–19. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Zhang Z, Lv Z, Zhang W, Guo M and Li C: A novel β-catenin from Apostichopus japonicus mediates Vibrio splendidus-induced inflammatory-like response. Int J Biol Macromol. 156:730–739. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Cao F, Yang K, Qiu S, Li J, Jiang W, Tao L and Zhu Y: Metformin reverses oxidative stress‑induced mitochondrial dysfunction in pre‑osteoblasts via the EGFR/GSK‑3β/calcium pathway. Int J Mol Med 51: 36, 2023.
APA
Cao, F., Yang, K., Qiu, S., Li, J., Jiang, W., Tao, L., & Zhu, Y. (2023). Metformin reverses oxidative stress‑induced mitochondrial dysfunction in pre‑osteoblasts via the EGFR/GSK‑3β/calcium pathway. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 51, 36. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5239
MLA
Cao, F., Yang, K., Qiu, S., Li, J., Jiang, W., Tao, L., Zhu, Y."Metformin reverses oxidative stress‑induced mitochondrial dysfunction in pre‑osteoblasts via the EGFR/GSK‑3β/calcium pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 51.4 (2023): 36.
Chicago
Cao, F., Yang, K., Qiu, S., Li, J., Jiang, W., Tao, L., Zhu, Y."Metformin reverses oxidative stress‑induced mitochondrial dysfunction in pre‑osteoblasts via the EGFR/GSK‑3β/calcium pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 51, no. 4 (2023): 36. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5239
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Cao F, Yang K, Qiu S, Li J, Jiang W, Tao L and Zhu Y: Metformin reverses oxidative stress‑induced mitochondrial dysfunction in pre‑osteoblasts via the EGFR/GSK‑3β/calcium pathway. Int J Mol Med 51: 36, 2023.
APA
Cao, F., Yang, K., Qiu, S., Li, J., Jiang, W., Tao, L., & Zhu, Y. (2023). Metformin reverses oxidative stress‑induced mitochondrial dysfunction in pre‑osteoblasts via the EGFR/GSK‑3β/calcium pathway. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 51, 36. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5239
MLA
Cao, F., Yang, K., Qiu, S., Li, J., Jiang, W., Tao, L., Zhu, Y."Metformin reverses oxidative stress‑induced mitochondrial dysfunction in pre‑osteoblasts via the EGFR/GSK‑3β/calcium pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 51.4 (2023): 36.
Chicago
Cao, F., Yang, K., Qiu, S., Li, J., Jiang, W., Tao, L., Zhu, Y."Metformin reverses oxidative stress‑induced mitochondrial dysfunction in pre‑osteoblasts via the EGFR/GSK‑3β/calcium pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 51, no. 4 (2023): 36. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5239
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team