Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
July-2023 Volume 52 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2023 Volume 52 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Interaction between apical periodontitis and systemic disease (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Lanxiang Ye
    • Li Cao
    • Wencheng Song
    • Chen Yang
    • Qingming Tang
    • Zhenglin Yuan
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Ye et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 60
    |
    Published online on: May 30, 2023
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5263
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Apical periodontitis is an oral common inflammatory disease initiated by infection of pulp chamber and is characterized by destruction and resorption of the periapical bone. As a local infection, pathogens and their products in periapical tissues, as well as inflammatory cytokines produced in periapical lesions, enter the blood circulation, triggering systemic immune responses and leading to the pathogenesis of various types of systemic disease. Therefore, apical periodontitis might be associated with systemic disease rather than solely simple local oral disease. In addition, the existence of a hyperinflammatory state in certain patients with chronic inflammation‑related disorder may affect the progression or prognosis of apical periodontitis. However, the association and potential mechanisms between apical periodontitis and systemic diseases remain unclear. An in‑depth understanding of the association between apical periodontitis and systemic disease will be useful for both dentists and physicians to eliminate the possible risk factors and promote the healing of apical periodontitis and systemic disease. Thus, the aim of the present review is to introduce the potential relationship between apical periodontitis and systemic disease.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Yamasaki M, Kumazawa M, Kohsaka T, Nakamura H and Kameyama Y: Pulpal and periapical tissue reactions after experimental pulpal exposure in rats. J Endod. 20:13–17. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Kakehashi S, Stanley HR and Fitzgerald RJ: The effects of surgical exposures of dental pulps in germ-free and conventional laboratory rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 20:340–349. 1965. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Tibúrcio-Machado CS, Michelon C, Zanatta FB, Gomes MS, Marin JA and Bier CA: The global prevalence of apical periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J. 54:712–735. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Bahrami G, Vaeth M, Kirkevang LL, Wenzel A and Isidor F: Risk factors for tooth loss in an adult population: A radiographic study. J Clin Periodontol. 35:1059–1065. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Gomes MS, Hugo FN, Hilgert JB, Sant'Ana Filho M, Padilha DM, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L and Reynolds MA: Apical periodontitis and incident cardiovascular events in the baltimore longitudinal study of ageing. Int Endod J. 49:334–342. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Kierdorf U, Olsen MT, Kahle P, Ludolphy C and Kierdorf H: Dental pulp exposure, periapical inflammation and suppurative osteomyelitis of the jaws in juvenile Baltic grey seals (Halichoerus grypus grypus) from the late 19th century. PLoS One. 14:e02154012019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Cintra LTA, Gomes MS, da Silva CC, Faria FD, Benetti F, Cosme-Silva L, Samuel RO, Pinheiro TN, Estrela C, González AC and Segura-Egea JJ: Evolution of endodontic medicine: A critical narrative review of the interrelationship between endodontics and systemic pathological conditions. Odontology. 109:741–769. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Li X, Kolltveit KM, Tronstad L and Olsen I: Systemic diseases caused by oral infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 13:547–558. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Savarrio L, Mackenzie D, Riggio M, Saunders WP and Bagg J: Detection of bacteraemias during non-surgicalroot canal treatment. J Dent. 33:293–303. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Baumgartner JC, Heggers JP and Harrison JW: The incidence of bacteremias related to endodontic procedures. I. Nonsurgical endodontics. J Endod. 2:135–140. 1976. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Debelian GJ, Olsen I and Tronstad L: Bacteremia in conjunction with endodontic therapy. Endod Dent Traumatol. 11:142–149. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Gomes MS, Blattner TC, Sant'Ana Filho M, Grecca FS, Hugo FN, Fouad AF and Reynolds MA: Can apical periodontitis modify systemic levels of inflammatory markers? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endod. 39:1205–1217. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Samuel RO, Gomes-Filho JE, Azuma MM, Sumida DH, de Oliveira SHP, Chiba FY, Bomfim SRM, Ciarlini PC, Narciso LG and Cintra LTA: Endodontic infections increase leukocyte and lymphocyte levels in the blood. Clin Oral Investig. 22:1395–1401. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Poornima L, Ravishankar P, Abbott PV, Subbiya A and PradeepKumar AR: Impact of root canal treatment on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in systemically healthy adults with apical periodontitis-a preliminary prospective, longitudinal interventional study. Int Endod J. 54:501–508. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Chen Y, Liu S and Leng SX: Chronic low-grade inflammatory phenotype (CLIP) and senescent immune dysregulation. Clin Ther. 41:400–409. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Chan LT, Zhong S, Naqvi AR, Self-Fordham J, Nares S, Bair E and Khan AA: MicroRNAs: New insights into the pathogenesis of endodontic periapical disease. J Endod. 39:1498–1503. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Sasaki H, Hirai K, Martins CM, Furusho H, Battaglino R and Hashimoto K: Interrelationship between periapical lesion and systemic metabolic disorders. Curr Pharm Des. 22:2204–2215. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Segura-Egea JJ, Martín-González J and Castellanos-Cosano L: Endodontic medicine: Connections between apical periodontitis and systemic diseases. Int Endod J. 48:933–951. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Khalighinejad N, Aminoshariae MR, Aminoshariae A, Kulild JC, Mickel A and Fouad AF: Association between systemic diseases and apical periodontitis. J Endod. 42:1427–1434. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Cotti E and Mercuro G: Apical periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases: Previous findings and ongoing research. Int Endod J. 48:926–932. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

American Diabetes Association: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 36(Suppl 1): S67–S74. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R and King H: Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care. 27:1047–1053. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW and Malanda B: IDF diabetes atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 138:271–281. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Velasco-Ortega E, Delgado-Ruiz RA and López-López J: Dentistry and diabetes: The influence of diabetes in oral diseases and dental treatments. J Diabetes Res. 2016:60731902016. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Haag DG, Peres KG, Balasubramanian M and Brennan DS: Oral conditions and health-related quality of life: A systematic review. J Dent Res. 96:864–874. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Rohani B: Oral manifestations in patients with diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes. 10:485–489. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Segura-Egea JJ, Cabanillas-Balsera D, Jiménez-Sánchez MC and Martín-González J: Endodontics and diabetes: Association versus causation. Int Endod J. 52:790–802. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Tibúrcio-Machado CDS, Bello MDC, Maier J, Wolle CFB and Bier CAS: Influence of diabetes in the development of apical periodontitis: A critical literature review of human studies. J Endod. 43:370–376. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Yip N, Liu C, Wu D and Fouad AF: The association of apical periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A large hospital network cross-sectional case-controlled study. J Am Dent Assoc. 152:434–443. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Pérez-Losada FDL, Estrugo-Devesa A, Castellanos-Cosano L, Segura-Egea JJ, López-López J and Velasco-Ortega E: Apical periodontitis and diabetes mellitus type 2: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 9:5402020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Segura-Egea JJ, Jiménez-Pinzón A, Ríos-Santos JV, Velasco-Ortega E, Cisneros-Cabello R and Poyato-Ferrera M: High prevalence of apical periodontitis amongst type 2 diabetic patients. Int Endod J. 38:564–569. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Smadi L: Apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment in patients with type II diabetes mellitus: Comparative cross-sectional survey. J Contemp Dent Pract. 18:358–362. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Sánchez-Domínguez B, López-López J, Jané-Salas E, Castellanos-Cosano L, Velasco-Ortega E and Segura-Egea JJ: Glycated hemoglobin levels and prevalence of apical periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients. J Endod. 41:601–606. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Saleh W, Xue W and Katz J: Diabetes mellitus and periapical abscess: A cross-sectional study. J Endod. 46:1605–1609. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Sisli SN: Evaluation of the relationship between type II diabetes mellitus and the prevalence of apical periodontitis in root-filled teeth using cone beam computed tomography: An observational cross-sectional study. Med Princ Pract. 28:533–538. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Mesgarani A, Haghanifar S, Eshkevari N, Ehsani M, Khafri S, Nafarzade S and Damankesh Z: Frequency of odontogenic periradicular lesions in diabetic patients. Caspian J Intern Med. 5:22–25. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

37 

Kohsaka T, Kumazawa M, Yamasaki M and Nakamura H: Periapical lesions in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. J Endod. 22:418–421. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Al-Nazhan SA, Alsaeed SA, Al-Attas HA, Dohaithem AJ, Al-Serhan MS and Al-Maflehi NS: Prevalence of apical periodontitis and quality of root canal treatment in an adult Saudi population. Saudi Med J. 38:413–421. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Falk H, Hugoson A and Thorstensson H: Number of teeth, prevalence of caries and periapical lesions in insulin-dependent diabetics. Scand J Dent Res. 97:198–206. 1989.PubMed/NCBI

40 

Alghofaily M, Tordik P, Romberg E, Martinho F and Fouad AF: Healing of apical periodontitis after nonsurgical root canal treatment: The role of statin intake. J Endod. 44:1355–1360. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

De la Torre-Luna R, Domínguez-Pérez RA, Guillén-Nepita AL, Ayala-Herrera JL, Martínez-Martínez RE, Romero-Ayala ME, Pérez-Serrano RM and Vázquez-Garcidueñas MS: Prevalence of Candida albicans in primary endodontic infections associated with a higher frequency of apical periodontitis in type two diabetes mellitus patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 39:131–138. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Graves DT, Corrêa JD and Silva TA: The oral microbiota is modified by systemic diseases. J Dent Res. 98:148–156. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar :

43 

Samuel RO, Ervolino E, de Azevedo Queiroz ÍO, Azuma MM, Ferreira GT and Cintra LTA: Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg balance in apical periodontitis of normoglycemic and diabetic rats. J Endod. 45:1009–1015. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Cintra LTA, da Silva Facundo AC, Prieto AKC, Sumida DH, Narciso LG, Mogami Bomfim SR, Oliveira e Silva C, Dezan-Júnior E and Gomes-Filho JE: Blood profile and histology in oral infections associated with diabetes. J Endod. 40:1139–1144. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Azuma MM, Gomes-Filho JE, Prieto AKC, Samuel RO, de Lima VMF, Sumida DH, Ervolino E and Cintra LTA: Diabetes increases interleukin-17 levels in periapical, hepatic, and renal tissues in rats. Arch Oral Biol. 83:230–235. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Hasiakos S, Gwack Y, Kang M and Nishimura I: Calcium signaling in T cells and chronic inflammatory disorders of the oral cavity. J Dent Res. 100:693–699. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Wu Y, Yang Y, Wang L, Chen Y, Han X, Sun L, Chen H and Chen Q: Effect of Bifidobacterium on osteoclasts: TNF-α/NF-κB inflammatory signal pathway-mediated mechanism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 14:11092962023. View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Iwama A, Nishigaki N, Nakamura K, Imaizumi I, Shibata N, Yamasaki M, Nakamura H, Kameyama Y and Kapila Y: The effect of high sugar intake on the development of periradicular lesions in rats with type 2 diabetes. J Dent Res. 82:322–325. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Cintra LTA, Samuel RO, Azuma MM, Ribeiro CP, Narciso LG, de Lima VM, Sumida DH, Coclete GA, Dezan-Júnior E and Gomes-Filho JE: Apical periodontitis and periodontal disease increase serum IL-17 levels in normoglycemic and diabetic rats. Clin Oral Investig. 18:2123–2128. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Bahrambeigi S, Yousefi B, Rahimi M and Shafiei-Irannejad V: Metformin; an old antidiabetic drug with new potentials in bone disorders. Biomed Pharmacother. 109:1593–1601. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

51 

Zhu M, Zhao Z, Xu HHK, Dai Z, Yu K, Xiao L, Schneider A, Weir MD, Oates TW, Bai Y and Zhang K: Effects of metformin delivery via biomaterials on bone and dental tissue engineering. Int J Mol Sci. 23:159052022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Wang S, Xia Y, Ma T, Weir MD, Ren K, Reynolds MA, Shu Y, Cheng L, Schneider A and Xu HHK: Novel metformin-containing resin promotes odontogenic differentiation and mineral synthesis of dental pulp stem cells. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 9:85–96. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Zhang R, Liang Q, Kang W and Ge S: Metformin facilitates the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells in vitro. Cell Biol Int. 44:70–79. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

54 

Liu L, Zhang C, Hu Y and Peng B: Protective effect of metformin on periapical lesions in rats by decreasing the ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand/osteoprotegerin. J Endod. 38:943–947. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Lai EHH, Yang CN, Lin SK, Wang HW, Kok SH, Hong CY, Su IH, Yang H and Chang JZC: Metformin ameliorates periapical lesions through suppression of hypoxia-induced apoptosis of osteoblasts. J Endod. 44:1817–1825. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Wang HW, Lai EHH, Yang CN, Lin SK, Hong CY, Yang H, Chang JZC and Kok SH: Intracanal metformin promotes healing of apical periodontitis via suppressing inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and monocyte recruitment. J Endod. 46:65–73. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

57 

Sarmento EB, Gomes CC, Pires FR, Pinto LC, Antunes LAA and Armada L: Immunoexpression of bone resorption biomarkers in apical periodontitis in diabetics and normoglycaemics. Int Endod J. 53:1025–1032. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Wang CH, Chueh LH, Chen SC, Feng YC, Hsiao CK and Chiang CP: Impact of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary artery disease on tooth extraction after nonsurgical endodontic treatment. J Endod. 37:1–5. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

59 

Mindiola MJ, Mickel AK, Sami C, Jones JJ, Lalumandier JA and Nelson SS: Endodontic treatment in an American Indian population: A 10-year retrospective study. J Endod. 32:828–832. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Lima SMF, Grisi DC, Kogawa EM, Franco OL, Peixoto VC, Gonçalves-Júnior JF, Arruda MP and Rezende TM: Diabetes mellitus and inflammatory pulpal and periapical disease: A review. Int Endod J. 46:700–709. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Uğur Aydın Z, Ocak MG, Bayrak S, Göller Bulut D and Orhan K: The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on changes in the fractal dimension of periapical lesion in teeth after root canal treatment: A fractal analysis study. Int Endod J. 54:181–189. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar

62 

Rudranaik S, Nayak M and Babshet M: Periapical healing outcome following single visit endodontic treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Exp Dent. 8:e498–e504. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

63 

Martinho JP, Coelho A, Oliveiros B, Pires S, Abrantes AM, Paulo S, Carvalho AC, Carrilho E, Paula A, Carvalho L, et al: Impairment of the angiogenic process may contribute to lower success rate of root canal treatments in diabetes mellitus. Int Endod J. 54:1687–1698. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

Britto LR, Katz J, Guelmann M and Heft M: Periradicular radiographic assessment in diabetic and control individuals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 96:449–452. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Fouad AF and Burleson J: The effect of diabetes mellitus on endodontic treatment outcome: Data from an electronic patient record. J Am Dent Assoc. 134(43-51): 117–118. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

66 

Laukkanen E, Vehkalahti MM and Kotiranta AK: Impact of systemic diseases and tooth-based factors on outcome of root canal treatment. Int Endod J. 52:1417–1426. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

67 

Arya S, Duhan J, Tewari S, Sangwan P, Ghalaut V and Aggarwal S: Healing of apical periodontitis after nonsurgical treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Endod. 43:1623–1627. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

68 

Limeira FIR, Arantes DC, de Souza Oliveira C, de Melo DP, Magalhães CS and Bento PM: Root canal treatment and apical periodontitis in a brazilian population with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional paired study. J Endod. 46:756–762. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

69 

Doyle SL, Hodges JS, Pesun IJ, Baisden MK and Bowles WR: Factors affecting outcomes for single-tooth implants and endodontic restorations. J Endod. 33:399–402. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

70 

Marotta PS, Fontes TV, Armada L, Lima KC, Rôças IN and Siqueira JF Jr: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the prevalence of apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment in an adult Brazilian population. J Endod. 38:297–300. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

71 

Ng YL, Mann V and Gulabivala K: A prospective study of the factors affecting outcomes of nonsurgical root canal treatment: Part 1: Periapical health. Int Endod J. 44:583–609. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

72 

Bloomgarden ZT: Inflammation and insulin resistance. Diabetes Care. 26:1619–1623. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

73 

Cintra LTA, Samuel RO, Facundo ACS, Prieto AK, Sumida DH, Bomfim SR, Souza JC, Dezan-Júnior E and Gomes-Filho JE: Relationships between oral infections and blood glucose concentrations or HbA1c levels in normal and diabetic rats. Int Endod J. 47:228–237. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

74 

Astolphi RD, Curbete MM, Colombo NH, Shirakashi DJ, Chiba FY, Prieto AK, Cintra LT, Bomfim SR, Ervolino E and Sumida DH: Periapical lesions decrease insulin signal and cause insulin resistance. J Endod. 39:648–652. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

75 

Astolphi RD, Curbete MM, Chiba FY, Cintra LT, Ervolino E, da Mota MS, Antoniali C, Garbin CA and Sumida DH: Periapical lesions decrease insulin signaling in rat skeletal muscle. J Endod. 41:1305–1310. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

76 

Pereira RF, de Oliveira da Mota MS, de Lima Coutinho Mattera MS, Tsosura TV, Chiba FY, Garbin CA, Ervolino E, Cintra LT, Okamoto MM, Machado UF and Sumida DH: Periapical lesions decrease Akt serine phosphorylation and plasma membrane GLUT4 content in rat skeletal muscle. Clin Oral Investig. 20:1625–1630. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

77 

Felipe Pereira R, Willian Lattari Tessarin G, Yamamoto Chiba F, Sara de Lima Coutinho Mattera M, Gomes Pereira A, Verônica Saori Tsosura T, Gustavo Balera Brito V, Akira Fujii, de Oliveira R, Ervolino E, Helena Penha, de Oliveira S, et al: Apical periodontitis promotes insulin resistance and alters adaptive immunity markers in rats. Saudi Dent J. 33:979–986. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

78 

Tsosura TVS, Chiba FY, Mattera MSLC, Pereira RF, Cintra LTA, Conti LC, Santos RMD, Mateus JHP, Garbin CAS and Sumida DH: Maternal apical periodontitis is associated with insulin resistance in adult offspring. Int Endod J. 52:1040–1050. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

79 

Ferreira LL: Diabetic rats present high mean platelet count in the presence of oral infections. Braz Dent J. 28:548–551. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

80 

Prieto AKC, Gomes-Filho JE, Azuma MM, Sivieri-Araújo G, Narciso LG, Souza JC, Ciarlini PC and Cintra LTA: Influence of apical periodontitis on stress oxidative parameters in diabetic rats. J Endod. 43:1651–1656. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

81 

Barcelos RCS, Rosa HZ, Roversi K, Tibúrcio-Machado CDS, Inchaki PT, Burger ME and Bier CAS: Apical periodontitis induces changes on oxidative stress parameters and increases Na+/K+-ATPase activity in adult rats. Arch Oral Biol. 118:1048492020. View Article : Google Scholar

82 

Schulze A, Schönauer M and Busse M: Sudden improvement of insulin sensitivity related to an endodontic treatment. J Periodontol. 78:2380–2384. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

83 

Stys LPA, Böttcher DE, Scarparo RK, Gonçalves Waltrick SB, de Figueiredo JAP, Gomes MS and Campos MM: Serum levels of inflammatory markers and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes and apical periodontitis: Preliminary findings. Aust Endod J. 48:105–115. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar

84 

No authors listed. Consensus development conference: Diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of osteoporosis. Am J Med. 94:646–650. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

85 

NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy: Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. JAMA. 285:785–795. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

86 

Gilles JA, Carnes DL, Dallas MR, Holt SC and Bonewald LF: Oral bone loss is increased in ovariectomized rats. J Endod. 23:419–422. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

87 

López-López J, Castellanos-Cosano L, Estrugo-Devesa A, Gómez-Vaquero C, Velasco-Ortega E and Segura-Egea JJ: Radiolucent periapical lesions and bone mineral density in post-menopausal women. Gerodontology. 32:195–201. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

88 

Tounta TS: Diagnosis of osteoporosis in dental patients. J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls. 2:21–27. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

89 

Payne JB, Reinhardt RA, Nummikoski PV and Patil KD: Longitudinal alveolar bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporotic/osteopenic women. Osteoporos Int. 10:34–40. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

90 

Brennan RM, Genco RJ, Hovey KM, Trevisan M and Wactawski-Wende J: Clinical attachment loss, systemic bone density, and subgingival calculus in postmenopausal women. J Periodontol. 78:2104–2111. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

91 

Dervis E: Oral implications of osteoporosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 100:349–356. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

92 

Katz J and Rotstein I: Prevalence of periapical lesions in patients with osteoporosis. J Endod. 47:234–238. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar

93 

Wayama MT, Yoshimura H, Ohba S, Yoshida H, Matsuda S, Kobayashi J, Kobayashi M, Gomes Filho JE and Sano K: Diminished progression of periapical lesions with zoledronic acid in ovariectomized rats. J Endod. 41:2002–2007. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

94 

Ikeda M, Karakawa A, Takizawa H, Azetsu Y, Sakai N, Chatani M, Suzuki N and Takami M: Effects of anti-receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand antibody and zoledronic acid on periapical lesion development in mice. J Endod. 48:632–640. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

95 

Xiong H, Peng B, Wei L, Zhang X and Wang L: Effect of an estrogen-deficient state and alendronate therapy on bone loss resulting from experimental periapical lesions in rats. J Endod. 33:1304–1308. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

96 

Silva RAB, Sousa-Pereira AP, Lucisano MP, Romualdo PC, Paula-Silva FWG, Consolaro A, Silva LAB and Nelson-Filho P: Alendronate inhibits osteocyte apoptosis and inflammation via IL-6, inhibiting bone resorption in periapical lesions of ovariectomized rats. Int Endod J. 53:84–96. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

97 

Guan X, Guan Y, Shi C, Zhu X, He Y, Wei Z, Yang J and Hou T: Estrogen deficiency aggravates apical periodontitis by regulating NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β axis. Am J Transl Res. 12:660–671. 2020.

98 

Zhang X, Peng B, Fan M, Bian Z and Chen Z: The effect of estrogen deficiency on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand and osteoprotegerin synthesis in periapical lesions induced in rats. J Endod. 33:1053–1056. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

99 

Romualdo PC, Lucisano MP, Paula-Silva FWG, Leoni GB, Sousa-Neto MD, Silva RAB, Silva LAB and Nelson-Filho P: Ovariectomy exacerbates apical periodontitis in rats with an increase in expression of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases. J Endod. 44:780–785. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

100 

Brasil SC, Santos RMM, Fernandes A, Alves FR, Pires FR, Siqueira JF Jr and Armada L: Influence of oestrogen deficiency on the development of apical periodontitis. Int Endod J. 50:161–166. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

101 

Lucisano MP, da Silva RAB, de Sousa Pereira AP, Romualdo PC, Feres M, de Queiroz AM, Nelson-Filho P and da Silva LAB: Alteration of the oral microbiota may be a responsible factor, along with estrogen deficiency, by the development of larger periapical lesions. Clin Oral Investig. 25:3651–3662. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar

102 

Gomes-Filho JE, Wayama MT, Dornelles RCM, Ervolino E, Yamanari GH, Lodi CS, Sivieri-Araújo G, Dezan-Júnior E and Cintra LT: Raloxifene modulates regulators of osteoclastogenesis and angiogenesis in an oestrogen deficiency periapical lesion model. Int Endod J. 48:1059–1068. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

103 

Qian H, Guan X and Bian Z: FSH aggravates bone loss in ovariectomised rats with experimental periapical periodontitis. Mol Med Rep. 14:2997–3006. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

104 

Liu S, Cheng Y, Xu W and Bian Z: Protective effects of follicle-stimulating hormone inhibitor on alveolar bone loss resulting from experimental periapical lesions in ovariectomized rats. J Endod. 36:658–663. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

105 

Braz-Silva PH, Bergamini ML, Mardegan AP, De Rosa CS, Hasseus B and Jonasson P: Inflammatory profile of chronic apical periodontitis: A literature review. Acta Odontol Scand. 77:173–180. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

106 

Matsuo T, Ebisu S, Shimabukuro Y, Ohtake T and Okada H: Quantitative analysis of immunocompetent cells in human periapical lesions: Correlations with clinical findings of the involved teeth. J Endod. 18:497–500. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

107 

Guerrero-Gironés J, Ros-Valverde A, Pecci-Lloret MP, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ and Pecci-Lloret MR: Association between pulpal-periapical pathology and autoimmune diseases: A systematic review. J Clin Med. 10:48862021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

108 

Karataş E, Kul A and Tepecik E: Association of ankylosing spondylitis with radiographically and clinically diagnosed apical periodontitis: A cross-sectional study. Dent Med Probl. 57:171–175. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

109 

Barta Z: Apical periodontitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A puppet master? Inflamm Bowel Dis. 26:280–282. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

110 

Nakamura K, Yamasaki M, Nishigaki N, Iwama A, Imaizumi I, Nakamura H and Kameyama Y: Effect of methotrexate-induced neutropenia on pulpal inflammation in rats. J Endod. 28:287–290. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

111 

Yoshinari N, Kameyama Y, Aoyama Y, Nishiyama H and Noguchi T: Effect of long-term methotrexate-induced neutropenia on experimental periodontal lesion in rats. J Periodontal Res. 29:393–400. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

112 

Yamasaki M, Kumazawa M, Kohsaka T and Nakamura H: Effect of methotrexate-induced neutropenia on rat periapical lesion. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 77:655–661. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

113 

Waterman PA Jr, Torabinejad M, McMillan PJ and Kettering JD: Development of periradicular lesions in immunosuppressed rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 85:720–725. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

114 

Teixeira FB, Gomes BP, Ferraz CC, Souza-Filho FJ and Zaia AA: Radiographic analysis of the development of periapical lesions in normal rats, sialoadenectomized rats and sialoadenectomized-immunosuppressed rats. Endod Dent Traumatol. 16:154–157. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

115 

Wasserman A: Rheumatoid arthritis: Common questions about diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 97:455–462. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

116 

Karataş E, Kul A and Tepecik E: Association between rheumatoid arthritis and apical periodontitis: A cross-sectional study. Eur Endod J. 5:155–158. 2020.

117 

Rotstein I and Katz J: Prevalence of periapical abscesses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A cross sectional study. Am J Dent. 34:211–214. 2021.PubMed/NCBI

118 

Oh WM, Hwang IN, Son HH and Hwang YC: Rapid periapical bone destruction during endodontic treatment of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. J Endod. 34:1261–1263. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

119 

Jalali P, Glickman GN, Schneiderman ED and Schweitzer JL: Prevalence of periapical rarefying osteitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Endod. 43:1093–1096. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

120 

Cotti E, Schirru E, Acquas E and Usai P: An overview on biologic medications and their possible role in apical periodontitis. J Endod. 40:1902–1911. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

121 

Malmström M: Immunoglobulin clases IgG, IgM, IgA and complement component C3 in dental periapical lesions of patients with rheumatoid disease. Scand J Rheumatol. 4:57–64. 1975. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

122 

Malmström M and Calonius PE: Teeth loss and the inflammation of teeth-supporting tissues in rheumatoid disease. Scand J Rheumatol. 4:49–55. 1975. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

123 

Malmström M and Jokinen EJ: Free rheumatoid factor in dental periapical lesions and gingivae of patients with rheumatoid disease. Scand J Rheumatol. 4:121–124. 1975. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

124 

Malmström M and Natvig JB: IgG rheumatoid factor in dental periapical lesions of patients with rheumatoid disease. Scand J Rheumatol. 4:177–185. 1975. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

125 

Malmström M and Husby G: Occurrence of amyloid in the teeth-supporting tissues of patients with rheumatoid diseases. An immunohistochemical study. Scand J Rheumatol. 4:186–192. 1975. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

126 

Ishii K, Hatori K, Takeichi O, Makino K, Himi K, Komiya H and Ogiso B: Expression of the Forkhead box transcription factor Foxo3a in human periapical granulomas. J Oral Sci. 60:479–483. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

127 

Vergani D and Mieli-Vergani G: Autoimmune manifestations in viral hepatitis. Semin Immunopathol. 35:73–85. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

128 

Bjørklund G, Pivin M, Hangan T, Yurkovskaya O and Pivina L: Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1: Clinical manifestations, pathogenetic features, and management approach. Autoimmun Rev. 21:1031352022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

129 

Joyce E, Glasner P, Ranganathan S and Swiatecka-Urban A: Tubulointerstitial nephritis: Diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. Pediatr Nephrol. 32:577–587. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

130 

Cohen G: Immune dysfunction in Uremia 2020. Toxins (Basel). 12. pp. 4392020, View Article : Google Scholar

131 

Grønkjær LL and Vilstrup H: Oral health in patients with liver cirrhosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 27:834–839. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

132 

Coates EA, Brennan D, Logan RM, Goss AN, Scopacasa B, Spencer AJ and Gorkic E: Hepatitis C infection and associated oral health problems. Aust Dent J. 45:108–114. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

133 

Lins L, Bittencourt PL, Evangelista MA, Lins R, Codes L, Cavalcanti AR, Paraná R and Bastos J: Oral health profile of cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation in the Brazilian Northeast. Transplant Proc. 43:1319–1321. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

134 

Barbero P, Garzino Demo MG, Milanesio M and Ottobrelli A: The dental assessment of the patient waiting for a liver transplant. Minerva Stomatol. 45:431–439. 1996.In Italian. PubMed/NCBI

135 

Guggenheimer J, Eghtesad B and Stock DJ: Dental management of the (solid) organ transplant patient. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 95:383–389. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

136 

Helenius-Hietala J, Meurman JH, Höckerstedt K, Lindqvist C and Isoniemi H: Effect of the aetiology and severity of liver disease on oral health and dental treatment prior to transplantation. Transpl Int. 25:158–165. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

137 

Castellanos-Cosano L, Machuca-Portillo G, Segura-Sampedro JJ, Torres-Lagares D, López-López J, Velasco-Ortega E and Segura-Egea JJ: Prevalence of apical periodontitis and frequency of root canal treatments in liver transplant candidates. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 18:e773–e779. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

138 

Grønkjær LL, Holmstrup P, Schou S, Schwartz K, Kongstad J, Jepsen P and Vilstrup H: Presence and consequence of tooth periapical radiolucency in patients with cirrhosis. Hepat Med. 8:97–103. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

139 

Cantiga-Silva C, Estrela C, Segura-Egea JJ, Azevedo JP, de Oliveira PHC, Cardoso CBM, Pinheiro TN, Ervolino E, Sivieri-Araújo G and Cintra LTA: Inflammatory profile of apical periodontitis associated with liver fibrosis in rats: Histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Int Endod J. 54:1353–1361. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

140 

Echavarría-García AC, Pozos-Guillén A, Tejeda-Nava F, Flores Arriaga JC and Garrocho-Rangel A: Oral management of children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura and associated glomerulonephritis: A scoping review. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 19:134–138. 2018.

141 

Inoue CN, Nagasaka T, Matsutani S, Ishidoya M, Homma R and Chiba Y: Efficacy of early dental and ENT therapy in preventing nephropathy in pediatric Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Clin Rheumatol. 27:1489–1496. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

142 

Al-Wahadni A and Al-Omari MA: Dental diseases in a Jordanian population on renal dialysis. Quintessence Int. 34:343–347. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

143 

Souza CM, Braosi APR, Luczyszyn SM, Casagrande RW, Pecoits-Filho R, Riella MC, Ignácio SA and Trevilatto PC: Oral health in Brazilian patients with chronic renal disease. Rev Med Chil. 136:741–746. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

144 

Bayraktar G, Kurtulus I, Duraduryan A, Cintan S, Kazancioglu R, Yildiz A, Bural C, Bozfakioglu S, Besler M, Trablus S and Issever H: Dental and periodontal findings in hemodialysis patients. Oral Dis. 13:393–397. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

145 

Sobrado Marinho JS, Tomás Carmona I, Loureiro A, Limeres Posse J, García Caballero L and Diz Dios P: Oral health status in patients with moderate-severe and terminal renal failure. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 12:E305–E310. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

146 

Buhlin K, Bárány P, Heimbürger O, Stenvinkel P and Gustafsson A: Oral health and pro-inflammatory status in end-stage renal disease patients. Oral Health Prev Dent. 5:235–244. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

147 

Khalighinejad N, Aminoshariae A, Kulild JC, Sahly K and Mickel A: Association of end-stage renal disease with radiographically and clinically diagnosed apical periodontitis: A hospital-based study. J Endod. 43:1438–1441. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

148 

Caly WR and Strauss E: A prospective study of bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 18:353–358. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

149 

Nair PN: Apical periodontitis: A dynamic encounter between root canal infection and host response. Periodontol. 2000(13): 121–148. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar

150 

Mizutani K, Mikami R, Gohda T, Gotoh H, Aoyama N, Matsuura T, Kido D, Takeda K, Izumi Y, Sasaki Y and Iwata T: Poor oral hygiene and dental caries predict high mortality rate in hemodialysis: A 3-year cohort study. Sci Rep. 10:218722020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

151 

Olsen I and Yamazaki K: Can oral bacteria affect the microbiome of the gut? J Oral Microbiol. 11:15864222019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

152 

Ogura Y, Suzuki S, Shirakawa T, Masuda M, Nakamura H, Iijima K and Yoshikawa N: Haemophilus parainfluenzae antigen and antibody in children with IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schönlein nephritis. Am J Kidney Dis. 36:47–52. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

153 

Kojima A, Nakano K, Wada K, Takahashi H, Katayama K, Yoneda M, Higurashi T, Nomura R, Hokamura K, Muranaka Y, et al: Infection of specific strains of Streptococcus mutans, oral bacteria, confers a risk of ulcerative colitis. Sci Rep. 2:3322012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

154 

Tahmassebi JF and Paterson SA: Development of acute Henoch-Schönlein purpura subsequent to endodontic treatment. Int J Paediatr Dent. 17:217–222. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

155 

Papageorgiou SN, Hagner M, Nogueira AVB, Franke A, Jäger A and Deschner J: Inflammatory bowel disease and oral health: Systematic review and a meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 44:382–393. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

156 

Baumgart DC and Sandborn WJ: Crohn's disease. Lancet. 380:1590–1605. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

157 

Kalmar JR: Crohn's disease: Orofacial considerations and disease pathogenesis. Periodontol. 2000(6): 101–115. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar

158 

She YY, Kong XB, Ge YP, Liu ZY, Chen JY, Jiang JW, Jiang HB and Fang SL: Periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health. 20:672020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

159 

Zhang Y, Qiao D, Chen R, Zhu F, Gong J and Yan F: The association between periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2021:66924202021.PubMed/NCBI

160 

Tan CXW, Brand HS, Kalender B, De Boer NKH, Forouzanfar T and de Visscher JGAM: Dental and periodontal disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Oral Investig. 25:5273–5280. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

161 

Piras V, Usai P, Mezzena S, Susnik M, Ideo F, Schirru E and Cotti E: Prevalence of apical periodontitis in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: A retrospective clinical study. J Endod. 43:389–394. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

162 

Poyato-Borrego M, Segura-Egea JJ, Martín-González J, Jiménez-Sánchez MC, Cabanillas-Balsera D, Areal-Quecuty V and Segura-Sampedro JJ: Prevalence of endodontic infection in patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 26:e208–e215. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar

163 

Poyato-Borrego M, Segura-Sampedro JJ, Martín-González J, Torres-Domínguez Y, Velasco-Ortega E and Segura-Egea JJ: High prevalence of apical periodontitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: An age- and gender-matched case-control study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 26:273–279. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

164 

Johannsen A, Fored MC, Håkansson J, Ekbom A and Gustafsson A: Consumption of dental treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, a register study. PLoS One. 10:e01340012015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

165 

Segura-Sampedro JJ, Jiménez-Giménez C, Jane-Salas E, Cabanillas-Balsera D, Martín-González J, Segura-Egea JJ and López-López J: Periapical and endodontic status of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Age- and sex-matched case-control study. Int Endod J. 55:748–757. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

166 

Lu Y, Li X, Liu S, Zhang Y and Zhang D: Toll-like receptors and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol. 9:722018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

167 

Ng YL, Mann V, Rahbaran S, Lewsey J and Gulabivala K: Outcome of primary root canal treatment: systematic review of the literature-part 2. Influence of clinical factors. Int Endod J. 41:6–31. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

168 

Bamias G, Martin C, Mishina M, Ross WG, Rivera-Nieves J, Marini M and Cominelli F: Proinflammatory effects of TH2 cytokines in a murine model of chronic small intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology. 128:654–666. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

169 

Fukada SY, Silva TA, Garlet GP, Rosa AL, da Silva JS and Cunha FQ: Factors involved in the T helper type 1 and type 2 cell commitment and osteoclast regulation in inflammatory apical diseases. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 24:25–31. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

170 

Stashenko P, Wang CY, Tani-Ishii N and Yu SM: Pathogenesis of induced rat periapical lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 78:494–502. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

171 

Wei L, Xu M and Xiong H: An update of knowledge on the regulatory role of Treg cells in apical periodontitis. Oral Dis. 27:1356–1365. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar

172 

Van Dyke TE, Dowell VR Jr, Offenbacher S, Snyder W and Hersh T: Potential role of microorganisms isolated from periodontal lesions in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Infect Immun. 53:671–677. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

173 

Chi AC, Neville BW, Krayer JW and Gonsalves WC: Oral manifestations of systemic disease. Am Fam Physician. 82:1381–1388. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

174 

Rodriguez Herrero E, Boon N, Pauwels M, Bernaerts K, Slomka V, Quirynen M and Teughels W: Necrotrophic growth of periodontopathogens is a novel virulence factor in oral biofilms. Sci Rep. 7:11072017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

175 

Read E, Curtis MA and Neves JF: The role of oral bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 18:731–742. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

176 

Tavares CO, Rost FL, Silva RBM, Dagnino AP, Adami B, Schirmer H, de Figueiredo JAP, Souto AA, Maito FDM and Campos MM: Cross talk between apical periodontitis and metabolic disorders: Experimental evidence on the role of intestinal adipokines and akkermansia muciniphila. J Endod. 45:174–180. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

177 

Carding S, Verbeke K, Vipond DT, Corfe BM and Owen LJ: Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in disease. Microb Ecol Health Dis. 26:261912015.PubMed/NCBI

178 

Gan G, Lu B, Zhang R, Luo Y, Chen S, Lei H, Li Y, Cai Z and Huang X: Chronic apical periodontitis exacerbates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and leads to changes in the diversity of gut microbiota. Int Endod J. 55:152–163. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar

179 

Ideo F, Niazi S, Mezzena S, Mannocci F and Cotti E: Prevalence of apical periodontitis in patients with autoimmune diseases under immunomodulators: A retrospective cohort study. J Endod. 48:722–729. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

180 

Ardizzone S and Bianchi Porro G: Biologic therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Drugs. 65:2253–2286. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

181 

Cotti E, Mezzena S, Schirru E, Ottonello O, Mura M, Ideo F, Susnik M and Usai P: Healing of apical periodontitis in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and under anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy. J Endod. 44:1777–1782. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

182 

Ritchlin CT, Haas-Smith SA, Li P, Hicks DG and Schwarz EM: Mechanisms of TNF-alpha- and RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in psoriatic arthritis. J Clin Invest. 111:821–831. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

183 

Joseph P, Leong D, McKee M, Anand SS, Schwalm JD, Teo K, Mente A and Yusuf S: Reducing the global burden of cardiovascular disease, part 1: The epidemiology and risk factors. Circ Res. 121:677–694. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

184 

Andersson C and Vasan RS: Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in young individuals. Nat Rev Cardiol. 15:230–240. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

185 

Prabhakaran D, Jeemon P and Roy A: Cardiovascular diseases in india: current epidemiology and future directions. Circulation. 133:1605–1620. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

186 

Cotti E, Dessì C, Piras A and Mercuro G: Can a chronic dental infection be considered a cause of cardiovascular disease? A review of the literature. Int J Cardiol. 148:4–10. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

187 

Berlin-Broner Y, Febbraio M and Levin L: Association between apical periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review of the literature. Int Endod J. 50:847–859. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

188 

González Navarro B, Pintó Sala X and Jané Salas E: Relationship between cardiovascular disease and dental pathology. Systematic review. Med Clin (Barc). 149:211–216. 2017.In English, Spanish. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

189 

Koletsi D, Iliadi A, Tzanetakis GN, Vavuranakis M and Eliades T: Cardiovascular disease and chronic endodontic infection. Is there an association? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 18:91112021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

190 

Garg P and Chaman C: Apical periodontitis-is it accountable for cardiovascular diseases? J Clin Diagn Res. 10:ZE08–ZE12. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

191 

Jakovljevic A, Duncan HF, Nagendrababu V, Jacimovic J, Milasin J and Dummer PMH: Association between cardiovascular diseases and apical periodontitis: An umbrella review. Int Endod J. 53:1374–1386. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

192 

Aloutaibi YA, Alkarim AS, Qumri EM, Almansour LA and Alghamdi FT: Chronic endodontic infections and cardiovascular diseases: Does the evidence support an independent association? Cureus. 13:e198642021.

193 

Jiménez-Sánchez MC, Cabanillas-Balsera D, Areal-Quecuty V, Velasco-Ortega E, Martín-González J and Segura-Egea JJ: Cardiovascular diseases and apical periodontitis: Association not always implies causality. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 25:e652–e659. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

194 

Noites R, Teixeira M, Cavero-Redondo I, Alvarez-Bueno C and Ribeiro F: Apical periodontitis and cardiovascular disease in adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 23:1002022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

195 

Leão TSS, Tomasi GH, Conzatti LP, Marrone LCP, Reynolds MA and Gomes MS: Oral inflammatory burden and carotid atherosclerosis among stroke patients. J Endod. 48:597–605. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

196 

Garrido M, Cárdenas AM, Astorga J, Quinlan F, Valdés M, Chaparro A, Carvajal P, Pussinen P, Huamán-Chipana P, Jalil JE and Hernández M: Elevated systemic inflammatory burden and cardiovascular risk in young adults with endodontic apical lesions. J Endod. 45:111–115. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

197 

Conti LC, Segura-Egea JJ, Cardoso CBM, Benetti F, Azuma MM, Oliveira PHC, Bomfim SRM and Cintra LTA: Relationship between apical periodontitis and atherosclerosis in rats: Lipid profile and histological study. Int Endod J. 53:1387–1397. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

198 

Caplan DJ: Chronic apical periodontitis is more common in subjects with coronary artery disease. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 14:149–150. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

199 

Caplan DJ, Chasen JB, Krall EA, Cai J, Kang S, Garcia RI, Offenbacher S and Beck JD: Lesions of endodontic origin and risk of coronary heart disease. J Dent Res. 85:9962006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

200 

Liljestrand JM, Mäntylä P, Paju S, Buhlin K, Kopra KA, Persson GR, Hernandez M, Nieminen MS, Sinisalo J, Tjäderhane L and Pussinen PJ: Association of endodontic lesions with coronary artery disease. J Dent Res. 95:1358–1365. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

201 

Costa THR, de Figueiredo Neto JA, de Oliveira AE, Lopes e Maia Mde F and de Almeida AL: Association between chronic apical periodontitis and coronary artery disease. J Endod. 40:164–167. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

202 

Paloma de Oliveira B, Câmara AC and Aguiar CM: Prevalence of asymptomatic apical periodontitis and its association with coronary artery disease in a Brazilian subpopulation. Acta Stomatol Croat. 51:106–112. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

203 

Milojevic Samanovic A, Jakovljevic V, Vasovic M, Mitrovic S, Rankovic M, Mihajlovic K, Bolevich S and Zivkovic V: Cardiac, biochemical and histopathological analysis reveals impaired heart function in hypertensive rats with apical periodontitis. Int Endod J. 54:1581–1596. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

204 

Katz J and Rotstein I: Prevalence of periapical abscesses in patients with hypertension: A cross-sectional study of a large hospital population. J Endod. 47:1070–1074. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

205 

Petersen J, Glaßl EM, Nasseri P, Crismani A, Luger AK, Schoenherr E, Bertl K and Glodny B: The association of chronic apical periodontitis and endodontic therapy with atherosclerosis. Clin Oral Investig. 18:1813–1823. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar :

206 

Vidal F, Fontes TV, Marques TVF and Gonçalves LS: Association between apical periodontitis lesions and plasmatic levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 and fibrinogen in hypertensive patients. Int Endod J. 49:1107–1115. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

207 

Rashmi N, Galhotra V, Goel P, Rajguru JP, Jha SK and Kulkarni K: Assessment of C-reactive proteins, cytokines, and plasma protein levels in hypertensive patients with apical periodontitis. J Contemp Dent Pract. 18:516–521. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

208 

Messing M, Souza LCD, Cavalla F, Kookal KK, Rizzo G, Walji M, Silva R and Letra A: Investigating potential correlations between endodontic pathology and cardiovascular diseases using epidemiological and genetic approaches. J Endod. 45:104–110. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

209 

Sebring D, Buhlin K, Norhammar A, Rydén L, Jonasson P; EndoReCo; Lund H and Kvist T: Endodontic inflammatory disease: A risk indicator for a first myocardial infarction. Int Endod J. 55:6–17. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar

210 

Bordagaray MJ, Fernández A, Garrido M, Astorga J, Hoare A and Hernández M: Systemic and extraradicular bacterial translocation in apical periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 11:6499252021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

211 

Jiménez C, Garrido M, Pussinen P, Bordagaray MJ, Fernández A, Vega C, Chaparro A, Hoare A and Hernández M: Systemic burden and cardiovascular risk to Porphyromonas species in apical periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig. 26:993–1001. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar

212 

Kazanci E, Oguz KK, Gurgey A and Topçu M: Streptococcus oralis as a risk factor for middle cerebral artery thrombosis. J Child Neurol. 20:611–613. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

213 

Theofilis P, Sagris M, Oikonomou E, Antonopoulos AS, Siasos G, Tsioufis C and Tousoulis D: Inflammatory mechanisms contributing to endothelial dysfunction. Biomedicines. 9:7812021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

214 

Cotti E, Dessì C, Piras A, Flore G, Deidda M, Madeddu C, Zedda A, Longu G and Mercuro G: Association of endodontic infection with detection of an initial lesion to the cardiovascular system. J Endod. 37:1624–1629. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

215 

Bergandi L, Giuggia B, Alovisi M, Comba A, Silvagno F, Maule M, Aldieri E, Scotti N, Scacciatella P, Conrotto F, et al: Endothelial dysfunction marker variation in young adults with chronic apical periodontitis before and after endodontic treatment. J Endod. 45:500–506. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

216 

Chauhan N, Mittal S, Tewari S, Sen J and Laller K: Association of apical periodontitis with cardiovascular disease via noninvasive assessment of endothelial function and subclinical atherosclerosis. J Endod. 45:681–690. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

217 

Hernández-Ríos P, Pussinen PJ, Vernal R and Hernández M: Oxidative stress in the local and systemic events of apical periodontitis. Front Physiol. 8:8692017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

218 

Chapple IL: Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in inflammatory diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 24:287–296. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

219 

Tucker MA, Fox BM, Seigler N, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Looney J, Thomas J, McKie KT, Forseen C, Davison GW and Harris RA: Endothelial dysfunction in cystic fibrosis: Role of oxidative stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019:16296382019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

220 

Brilhante Wolle CF, de Aguiar Zollmann L, Etges A, Vitalis GS, Leite CE and Campos MM: Effects of the antioxidant agent tempol on periapical lesions in rats with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. J Endod. 38:191–195. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

221 

Vailhé B, Dietl J, Kapp M, Toth B and Arck P: Increased blood vessel density in decidua parietalis is associated with spontaneous human first trimester abortion. Hum Reprod. 14:1628–1634. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

222 

Zygmunt M, Herr F, Münstedt K, Lang U and Liang OD: Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 110(Suppl 1): pp. S10–S18. 2003, View Article : Google Scholar

223 

Plaisier M: Decidualisation and angiogenesis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 25:259–271. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

224 

Bobetsis YA, Graziani F, Gürsoy M and Madianos PN: Periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Periodontol. 2000(83): 154–174. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

225 

Harjunmaa U, Järnstedt J, Alho L, Dewey KG, Cheung YB, Deitchler M, Ashorn U, Maleta K, Klein NJ and Ashorn P: Association between maternal dental periapical infections and pregnancy outcomes: results from a cross-sectional study in Malawi. Trop Med Int Health. 20:1549–1558. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

226 

Leal ASM, de Oliveira AEF, Brito LMO, Lopes FF, Rodrigues VP, Lima KF and de Araújo Martins IC: Association between chronic apical periodontitis and low-birth-weight preterm births. J Endod. 41:353–357. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

227 

Khalighinejad N, Aminoshariae A, Kulild JC and Mickel A: Apical periodontitis, a predictor variable for preeclampsia: A case-control study. J Endod. 43:1611–1614. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

228 

Bain JL, Lester SR, Henry WD, Naftel JP and Johnson RB: Effects of induced periapical abscesses on rat pregnancy outcomes. Arch Oral Biol. 54:162–171. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

229 

Bain JL, Lester SR, Henry WD, Pongetti JL, Blackman ME and Johnson RB: Association between maternal periapical lesions and brain inflammation in rat pups. Arch Oral Biol. 58:266–271. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

230 

Kc K, Shakya S and Zhang H: Gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia: A literature review. Ann Nutr Metab. 66(Suppl 2): S14–S20. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

231 

Shah H, Nisar N, Hassan A and Butt S: Association between maternal chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) and low birth weight preterm birth (LBWPT). J Pak Med Assoc. 72:436–439. 2022.PubMed/NCBI

232 

Orstavik D, Kerekes K and Eriksen HM: The periapical index: A scoring system for radiographic assessment of apical periodontitis. Endod Dent Traumatol. 2:20–34. 1986. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

233 

Ao M, Miyauchi M, Furusho H, Inubushi T, Kitagawa M, Nagasaki A, Sakamoto S, Kozai K and Takata T: Dental Infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis induces preterm birth in mice. PLoS One. 10:e01372492015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

234 

Doyle RM, Alber DG, Jones HE, Harris K, Fitzgerald F, Peebles D and Klein N: Term and preterm labour are associated with distinct microbial community structures in placental membranes which are independent of mode of delivery. Placenta. 35:1099–1101. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

235 

Lin D, Smith MA, Champagne C, Elter J, Beck J and Offenbacher S: Porphyromonas gingivalis infection during pregnancy increases maternal tumor necrosis factor alpha, suppresses maternal interleukin-10, and enhances fetal growth restriction and resorption in mice. Infect Immun. 71:5156–5162. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

236 

Robertson SA, Care AS and Skinner RJ: Interleukin 10 regulates inflammatory cytokine synthesis to protect against lipopolysaccharide-induced abortion and fetal growth restriction in mice. Biol Reprod. 76:738–748. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

237 

Coultas L, Chawengsaksophak K and Rossant J: Endothelial cells and VEGF in vascular development. Nature. 438:937–945. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

238 

Awasthi S and Pandey M: Association of TLR4 and TNF-a gene polymorphisms and TLR4 mRNA levels in preterm birth in a Northern Indian population. Indian Pediatr. 56:202–204. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

239 

Jakovljevic A, Sljivancanin Jakovljevic T, Duncan HF, Nagendrababu V, Jacimovic J, Aminoshariae A, Milasin J and Dummer PMH: The association between apical periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review. Int Endod J. 54:1527–1537. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

240 

Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DS, Locke BZ, Keith SJ, Judd LL and Goodwin FK: Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse. Results from the epidemiologic catchment area (ECA) study. JAMA. 264:2511–2518. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

241 

Sundararajan S, Muthukumar S and Rao SR: Relationship between depression and chronic periodontitis. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 19:294–296. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

242 

Chen P, Yao H, Su W, He Y, Cheng K, Wang Y, Peng W and Li P: Sleep deprivation worsened oral ulcers and delayed healing process in an experimental rat model. Life Sci. 232:1165942019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

243 

Lavigne GJ, Khoury S, Abe S, Yamaguchi T and Raphael K: Bruxism physiology and pathology: An overview for clinicians. J Oral Rehabil. 35:476–494. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

244 

Maes M: Evidence for an immune response in major depression: A review and hypothesis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 19:11–38. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

245 

Haug SR and Marthinussen MC: Acute dental pain and salivary biomarkers for stress and inflammation in patients with pulpal or periapical inflammation. J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 33:227–233. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

246 

Wang YX, Kang XN, Cao Y, Zheng DX, Lu YM, Pang CF, Wang Z, Cheng B and Peng Y: Porphyromonas gingivalis induces depression via downregulating p75NTR-mediated BDNF maturation in astrocytes. Brain Behav Immun. 81:523–534. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

247 

Martínez M, Martín-Hernández D, Virto L, MacDowell KS, Montero E, González-Bris Á, Marín MJ, Ambrosio N, Herrera D, Leza JC, et al: Periodontal diseases and depression: A pre-clinical in vivo study. J Clin Periodontol. 48:503–527. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

248 

Martín-Hernández D, Martínez M, Robledo-Montaña J, Muñoz-López M, Virto L, Ambrosio N, Marín MJ, Montero E, Herrera D, Sanz M, et al: Neuroinflammation related to the blood-brain barrier and sphingosine-1-phosphate in a pre-clinical model of periodontal diseases and depression in rats. J Clin Periodontol. 50:642–656. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

249 

Saei Ghare Naz M, Ramezani Tehrani F, Behroozi Lak T, Mohammadzadeh F, Nasiri M, Kholosi Badr F and Ozgoli G: Quality of life and emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome: A cross-sectional study. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 13:203–209. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

250 

Montoro J, Mullol J, Jáuregui I, Dávila I, Ferrer M, Bartra J, del Cuvillo A, Sastre J and Valero A: Stress and allergy. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 19(Suppl 1): S40–S47. 2009.

251 

Eisenhofer G, Lambie DG and Johnson RH: Beta-adrenoceptor responsiveness and plasma catecholamines as determinants of cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress. Clin Sci (Lond). 69:483–492. 1985. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

252 

Haug SR and Heyeraas KJ: Modulation of dental inflammation by the sympathetic nervous system. J Dent Res. 85:488–495. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

253 

Esteban MA, Rodríguez A, Ayala AG and Meseguer J: Effects of high doses of cortisol on innate cellular immune response of seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Gen Comp Endocrinol. 137:89–98. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

254 

do Nascimento IV, Rodrigues MIDQ, Isaias PHC, Barros-Silva PG, Sousa FB, Nunes Alves APN and Mota MRL: Chronic systemic corticosteroid therapy influences the development of pulp necrosis and experimental apical periodontitis, exacerbating the inflammatory process and bone resorption in rats. Int Endod J. 55:646–659. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

255 

Gomes ESB, Farias LC, Silveira LH, Jesus CÍ, Rocha RGD, Ramos GV, Magalhães HTAT, Brito-Júnior M, Santos SHS, Jham BC, et al: Conditioned fear stress increases bone resorption in apical periodontitislesions in Wistar male rats. Arch Oral Biol. 97:35–41. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

256 

Minhoto GB, Khoury RD, Orozco EIF, Prado RF and Valera MC: Effect of chronic unpredictable stress on the progression of experimental apical periodontitis in rats. Int Endod J. 54:1342–1352. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

257 

Khoury RD, Prado RFD, Matos FDS, Meireles BR, Cardoso FGDR, Oliveira LD, Carvalho CAT and Valera MC: The influence of adrenergic blockade in rats with apical periodontitis under chronic stress conditions. Arch Oral Biol. 110:1045902020. View Article : Google Scholar

258 

Van Someren EJW: Brain mechanisms of insomnia: New perspectives on causes and consequences. Physiol Rev. 101:995–1046. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar

259 

Scott J, Kallestad H, Vedaa O, Sivertsen B and Etain B: Sleep disturbances and first onset of major mental disorders in adolescence and early adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 57:1014292021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

260 

Park JS, Jeong Y, Jung J, Ryu JJ, Lim HK, Jung SK and Song IS: Shift work sleep disorder is closely associated with an increased risk for periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 48:1066–1075. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

261 

Fang HF, Miao NF, Chen CD, Sithole T and Chung MH: Risk of cancer in patients with insomnia, parasomnia, and obstructive sleep apnea: A nationwide nested case-control study. J Cancer. 6:1140–1147. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

262 

Chen LL: Advances in circadian rhythms in oral maxillofacial tissues and oral-related diseases. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 57:481–489. 2022.In Chinese. PubMed/NCBI

263 

Lange T, Dimitrov S and Born J: Effects of sleep and circadian rhythm on the human immune system. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1193:48–59. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

264 

Chu FCS, Leung WK, Tsang PCS, Chow TW and Samaranayake LP: Identification of cultivable microorganisms from root canals with apical periodontitis following two-visit endodontic treatment with antibiotics/steroid or calcium hydroxide dressings. J Endod. 32:17–23. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

265 

Brzezinski A: Melatonin in humans. N Engl J Med. 336:186–195. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

266 

Reiter RJ, Rosales-Corral SA, Liu XY, Acuna-Castroviejo D, Escames G and Tan DX: Melatonin in the oral cavity: Physiological and pathological implications. J Periodontal Res. 50:9–17. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

267 

Tavares BS, Tsosura TVS, Mattera MSLC, Santelli JO, Belardi BE, Chiba FY, Cintra LTA, Silva CC and Matsushita DH: Effects of melatonin on insulin signaling and inflammatory pathways of rats with apical periodontitis. Int Endod J. 54:926–940. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

268 

Sarıtekin E, Üreyen Kaya B, Aşcı H and Özmen Ö: Anti-inflammatory and antiresorptive functions of melatonin on experimentally induced periapical lesions. Int Endod J. 52:1466–1478. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Ye L, Cao L, Song W, Yang C, Tang Q and Yuan Z: Interaction between apical periodontitis and systemic disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 52: 60, 2023.
APA
Ye, L., Cao, L., Song, W., Yang, C., Tang, Q., & Yuan, Z. (2023). Interaction between apical periodontitis and systemic disease (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 52, 60. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5263
MLA
Ye, L., Cao, L., Song, W., Yang, C., Tang, Q., Yuan, Z."Interaction between apical periodontitis and systemic disease (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 52.1 (2023): 60.
Chicago
Ye, L., Cao, L., Song, W., Yang, C., Tang, Q., Yuan, Z."Interaction between apical periodontitis and systemic disease (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 52, no. 1 (2023): 60. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5263
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ye L, Cao L, Song W, Yang C, Tang Q and Yuan Z: Interaction between apical periodontitis and systemic disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 52: 60, 2023.
APA
Ye, L., Cao, L., Song, W., Yang, C., Tang, Q., & Yuan, Z. (2023). Interaction between apical periodontitis and systemic disease (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 52, 60. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5263
MLA
Ye, L., Cao, L., Song, W., Yang, C., Tang, Q., Yuan, Z."Interaction between apical periodontitis and systemic disease (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 52.1 (2023): 60.
Chicago
Ye, L., Cao, L., Song, W., Yang, C., Tang, Q., Yuan, Z."Interaction between apical periodontitis and systemic disease (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 52, no. 1 (2023): 60. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5263
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team