Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
Journal Cover
September-2023 Volume 52 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2023 Volume 52 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Sophoricoside attenuates autoimmune‑mediated liver injury through the regulation of oxidative stress and the NF‑κB signaling pathway

  • Authors:
    • Yu Chen
    • Yu Lei
    • Han Wang
    • Lijia Wang
    • Jiaxin Xu
    • Shuhui Wang
    • Meiping Yu
    • Zhangqi Peng
    • Fang Xiao
    • Dean Tian
    • Mei Liu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 78
    |
    Published online on: July 17, 2023
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5281
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is increasing, yet specific pharmacotherapies remain to be explored. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of sophoricoside (SOP), a bioactive component of medical herbs, on AIH and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Bioinformatic approaches were used to predict the potential targets and underlying regulatory mechanisms of SOP on AIH. The effects of SOP on AIH were evaluated by determining the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, histological liver injury and hepatic fibrosis in an improved chronic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)‑AIH mouse model and in a model of concanavalin‑A (ConA)‑induced acute immune‑mediated liver injury. The antioxidant activity of SOP was detected in in vivo and in vitro experiments. The selected signal targeted by SOP in AIH was further confirmed using western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. The results of bioinformatic analysis revealed that the targets of SOP in AIH were related to oxidative stress and the NF‑κB gene set. The NF‑κB transcription factor family is a key player that controls both innate and adaptive immunity. The activation of the NF‑κB signaling pathway is often associated with autoimmune disorders. In the animal experiments, SOP attenuated CYP2D6/ConA‑induced AIH, as evidenced by a significant reduction in the levels of hepatic enzymes in serum, inflammatory cytokine expression and histological lesions in the liver. The oxidative response in AIH was also significantly inhibited by SOP, as evidenced by a decrease in the levels of hepatic malondialdehyde, and elevations in the total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase levels. The results of the in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that SOP significantly reduced the enhanced expression and nuclear translocation of phosphorylated p65 NF‑κB in the livers of mice with AIH and in lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated AML12 cells. On the whole, the present study demonstrates the protective role of SOP in AIH, which may be mediated by limiting the oxidative response and the activation of the NF‑κB signaling pathway in hepatocytes.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

View References

1 

Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D, Czaja AJ, Manns MP, Krawitt EL, Vierling JM, Lohse AW and Montano-Loza AJ: Autoimmune hepatitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 4:180172018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Floreani A, Restrepo-Jiménez P, Secchi MF, De Martin S, Leung PSC, Krawitt E, Bowlus CL, Gershwin ME and Anaya JM: Etiopathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Autoimmun. 95:133–143. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Sirbe C, Simu G, Szabo I, Grama A and Pop TL: Pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis-cellular and molecular mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci. 22:135782021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Manns MP, Lohse AW and Vergani D: Autoimmune hepatitis-update 2015. J Hepatol. 62(Suppl 1): S100–S111. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Expert Panel on Gastrointestinal Imaging; Hindman NM, Arif-Tiwari H, Kamel IR, Al-Refaie WB, Bartel TB, Cash BD, Chernyak V, Goldstein A, Grajo JR, et al: ACR appropriateness criteria® jaundice. J Am Coll Radiol. 16:S126–S140. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Mack CL, Adams D, Assis DN, Kerkar N, Manns MP, Mayo MJ, Vierling JM, Alsawas M, Murad MH and Czaja AJ: Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis in adults and children: 2019 Practice guidance and guidelines from the American association for the study of liver diseases. Hepatology. 72:671–722. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Li H: Advances in anti hepatic fibrotic therapy with traditional Chinese medicine herbal formula. J Ethnopharmacol. 251:1124422020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Chang L, Ren Y, Cao L, Sun Y, Sun Q, Sheng N, Yuan L, Zhi X and Zhang L: Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of six flavonoids from fructus sophorae extract in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 904:59–64. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Kim BH and Lee S: Sophoricoside from styphnolobium japonicum improves experimental atopic dermatitis in mice. Phytomedicine. 82:1534632021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Kim BH and Lee S: Sophoricoside from Sophora japonica ameliorates allergic asthma by preventing mast cell activation and CD4+ T cell differentiation in ovalbumin-induced mice. Biomed Pharmacother. 133:1110292021. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Zhang Y, Li F, Jiang X, Jiang X, Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhang L, Fan S, Xin L, Yang B, et al: Sophoricoside is a selective LXRβ antagonist with potent therapeutic effects on hepatic steatosis of mice. Phytother Res. 34:3168–3179. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Wu YX, Zeng S, Wan BB, Wang YY, Sun HX, Liu G, Gao ZQ, Chen D, Chen YQ, Lu MD and Pang QF: Sophoricoside attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by activating the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling axis. Int Immunopharmacol. 90:1071872021. View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Hao J, Sun W and Xu H: Pathogenesis of concanavalin A induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 102:1084112022. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Holdener M, Hintermann E, Bayer M, Rhode A, Rodrigo E, Hintereder G, Johnson EF, Gonzalez FJ, Pfeilschifter J, Manns MP, et al: Breaking tolerance to the natural human liver autoantigen cytochrome P450 2D6 by virus infection. J Exp Med. 205:1409–1422. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar :

15 

Wang H, Yan W, Feng Z, Gao Y, Zhang L, Feng X and Tian D: Plasma proteomic analysis of autoimmune hepatitis in an improved AIH mouse model. J Transl Med. 18:32020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Wang S, Huang Z, Lei Y, Han X, Tian D, Gong J and Liu M: Celastrol alleviates autoimmune hepatitis through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway based on network pharmacology and experiments. Front Pharmacol. 13:8163502022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Lei Y, Wang S, Liu J, Yan W, Han P and Tian D: Identification of MCM family as potential therapeutic and prognostic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma based on bioinformatics and experiments. Life Sci. 272:1192272021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Wang C, Li X, Zhang W, Liu W, Lv Z, Gui R, Li M, Li Y, Sun X, Liu P, et al: ETNPPL impairs autophagy through regulation of the ARG2-ROS signaling axis, contributing to palmitic acid-induced hepatic insulin resistance. Free Radic Biol Med. 199:126–140. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Lei Y, Han P, Chen Y, Wang H, Wang S, Wang M, Liu J, Yan W, Tian D and Liu M: Protein arginine methyltransferase 3 promotes glycolysis and hepatocellular carcinoma growth by enhancing arginine methylation of lactate dehydrogenase A. Clin Transl Med. 12:e6862022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Crosas-Molist E and Fabregat I: Role of NADPH oxidases in the redox biology of liver fibrosis. Redox Biol. 6:106–111. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Webb GJ, Hirschfield GM, Krawitt EL and Gershwin ME: Cellular and molecular mechanisms of autoimmune hepatitis. Annu Rev Pathol. 13:247–292. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Longhi MS, Mieli-Vergani G and Vergani D: Regulatory T cells in autoimmune hepatitis: An updated overview. J Autoimmun. 119:1026192021. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Kaffe ET, Rigopoulou EI, Koukoulis GK, Dalekos GN and Moulas AN: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in patients with autoimmune liver diseases. Redox Rep. 20:33–41. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Wei Y, Li Y, Yan L, Sun C, Miao Q, Wang Q, Xiao X, Lian M, Li B, Chen Y, et al: Alterations of gut microbiome in autoimmune hepatitis. Gut. 69:569–577. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Wen Y, Han C, Liu T, Wang R, Cai W, Yang J, Liang G, Yao L, Shi N, Fu X, et al: Chaiqin chengqi decoction alleviates severity of acute pancreatitis via inhibition of TLR4 and NLRP3 inflammasome: Identification of bioactive ingredients via pharmacological sub-network analysis and experimental validation. Phytomedicine. 79:1533282020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Oyewole AO and Birch-Machin MA: Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. FASEB J. 29:4766–4771. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Maynard AG and Kanarek N: NADH ties one-carbon metabolism to cellular respiration. Cell Metab. 31:660–662. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Gao M, Hu F, Hu M, Hu Y, Shi H, Zhao GJ, Jian C, Ji YX, Zhang XJ, She ZG, et al: Sophoricoside ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy by activating AMPK/mTORC1-mediated autophagy. Biosci Rep. 40:BSR202006612020. View Article : Google Scholar :

30 

Li W and Lu Y: Hepatoprotective effects of sophoricoside against fructose-induced liver injury via regulating lipid metabolism, oxidation, and inflammation in mice. J Food Sci. 83:552–558. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

European Association for the Study of the Liver: EASL clinical practice guidelines: Autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol. 63:971–1004. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Seki E and Schwabe RF: Hepatic inflammation and fibrosis: Functional links and key pathways. Hepatology. 61:1066–1079. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Sanz-Cameno P, Medina J, Garcia-Buey L, García-Sánchez A, Borque MJ, Martín-Vílchez S, Gamallo C, Jones EA and Moreno-Otero R: Enhanced intrahepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitrotyrosine accumulation in primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol. 37:723–729. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Pemberton PW, Aboutwerat A, Smith A, Burrows PC, McMahon RF and Warnes TW: Oxidant stress in type I autoimmune hepatitis: The link between necroinflammation and fibrogenesis? Biochim Biophys Acta. 1689:182–189. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Beyazit Y, Kocak E, Tanoglu A and Kekilli M: Oxidative stress might play a role in low serum vitamin D associated liver fibrosis among patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci. 60:1106–1108. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Richter K, Konzack A, Pihlajaniemi T, Heljasvaara R and Kietzmann T: Redox-fibrosis: Impact of TGFβ1 on ROS generators, mediators and functional consequences. Redox Biol. 6:344–352. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Singh R and Czaja MJ: Regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis by oxidative stress. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 22(Suppl 1): S45–S48. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Czaja AJ: Nature and implications of oxidative and nitrosative stresses in autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci. 61:2784–2803. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Cui W, Matsuno K, Iwata K, Ibi M, Matsumoto M, Zhang J, Zhu K, Katsuyama M, Torok NJ and Yabe-Nishimura C: NOX1/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (NADPH) oxidase promotes proliferation of stellate cells and aggravates liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation. Hepatology. 54:949–958. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Hernández-Gea V, Hilscher M, Rozenfeld R, Lim MP, Nieto N, Werner S, Devi LA and Friedman SL: Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces fibrogenic activity in hepatic stellate cells through autophagy. J Hepatol. 59:98–104. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Tsikas D: Assessment of lipid peroxidation by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and relatives in biological samples: Analytical and biological challenges. Anal Biochem. 524:13–30. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Dadheech G, Mishra S, Gautam S and Sharma P: Evaluation of antioxidant deficit in schizophrenia. Indian J Psychiatry. 50:16–20. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

43 

He G and Karin M: NF-κB and STAT3-key players in liver inflammation and cancer. Cell Res. 21:159–168. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Hoesel B and Schmid JA: The complexity of NF-κB signaling in inflammation and cancer. Mol Cancer. 12:862013. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Liberal R, de Boer YS and Heneghan MA: Established and novel therapeutic options for autoimmune hepatitis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 6:315–326. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Chen Y, Lei Y, Wang H, Wang L, Xu J, Wang S, Yu M, Peng Z, Xiao F, Tian D, Tian D, et al: Sophoricoside attenuates autoimmune‑mediated liver injury through the regulation of oxidative stress and the NF‑κB signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 52: 78, 2023.
APA
Chen, Y., Lei, Y., Wang, H., Wang, L., Xu, J., Wang, S. ... Liu, M. (2023). Sophoricoside attenuates autoimmune‑mediated liver injury through the regulation of oxidative stress and the NF‑κB signaling pathway. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 52, 78. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5281
MLA
Chen, Y., Lei, Y., Wang, H., Wang, L., Xu, J., Wang, S., Yu, M., Peng, Z., Xiao, F., Tian, D., Liu, M."Sophoricoside attenuates autoimmune‑mediated liver injury through the regulation of oxidative stress and the NF‑κB signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 52.3 (2023): 78.
Chicago
Chen, Y., Lei, Y., Wang, H., Wang, L., Xu, J., Wang, S., Yu, M., Peng, Z., Xiao, F., Tian, D., Liu, M."Sophoricoside attenuates autoimmune‑mediated liver injury through the regulation of oxidative stress and the NF‑κB signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 52, no. 3 (2023): 78. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5281
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Chen Y, Lei Y, Wang H, Wang L, Xu J, Wang S, Yu M, Peng Z, Xiao F, Tian D, Tian D, et al: Sophoricoside attenuates autoimmune‑mediated liver injury through the regulation of oxidative stress and the NF‑κB signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 52: 78, 2023.
APA
Chen, Y., Lei, Y., Wang, H., Wang, L., Xu, J., Wang, S. ... Liu, M. (2023). Sophoricoside attenuates autoimmune‑mediated liver injury through the regulation of oxidative stress and the NF‑κB signaling pathway. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 52, 78. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5281
MLA
Chen, Y., Lei, Y., Wang, H., Wang, L., Xu, J., Wang, S., Yu, M., Peng, Z., Xiao, F., Tian, D., Liu, M."Sophoricoside attenuates autoimmune‑mediated liver injury through the regulation of oxidative stress and the NF‑κB signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 52.3 (2023): 78.
Chicago
Chen, Y., Lei, Y., Wang, H., Wang, L., Xu, J., Wang, S., Yu, M., Peng, Z., Xiao, F., Tian, D., Liu, M."Sophoricoside attenuates autoimmune‑mediated liver injury through the regulation of oxidative stress and the NF‑κB signaling pathway". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 52, no. 3 (2023): 78. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5281
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team