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Role of microglia/macrophage polarisation in intraocular diseases (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Haoran Li
    • Biao Li
    • Yanlin Zheng
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: School of Opthalmology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 45
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    Published online on: March 29, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2024.5369
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Abstract

Macrophages form a crucial component of the innate immune system, and their activation is indispensable for various aspects of immune and inflammatory processes, tissue repair, and maintenance of the balance of the body's state. Macrophages are found in all ocular tissues, spanning from the front surface, including the cornea, to the posterior pole, represented by the choroid/sclera. The neural retina is also populated by specialised resident macrophages called microglia. The plasticity of microglia/macrophages allows them to adopt different activation states in response to changes in the tissue microenvironment. When exposed to various factors, microglia/macrophages polarise into distinct phenotypes, each exhibiting unique characteristics and roles. Furthermore, extensive research has indicated a close association between microglia/macrophage polarisation and the development and reversal of various intraocular diseases. The present article provides a review of the recent findings on the association between microglia/macrophage polarisation and ocular pathological processes (including autoimmune uveitis, optic neuritis, sympathetic ophthalmia, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, subretinal fibrosis, uveal melanoma, ischaemic optic neuropathy, retinopathy of prematurity and choroidal neovascularization). The paradoxical role of microglia/macrophage polarisation in retinopathy of prematurity is also discussed. Several studies have shown that microglia/macrophages are involved in the pathology of ocular diseases. However, it is required to further explore the relevant mechanisms and regulatory processes. The relationship between the functional diversity displayed by microglia/macrophage polarisation and intraocular diseases may provide a new direction for the treatment of intraocular diseases.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Li H, Li B and Zheng Y: Role of microglia/macrophage polarisation in intraocular diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 53: 45, 2024.
APA
Li, H., Li, B., & Zheng, Y. (2024). Role of microglia/macrophage polarisation in intraocular diseases (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 53, 45. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2024.5369
MLA
Li, H., Li, B., Zheng, Y."Role of microglia/macrophage polarisation in intraocular diseases (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 53.5 (2024): 45.
Chicago
Li, H., Li, B., Zheng, Y."Role of microglia/macrophage polarisation in intraocular diseases (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 53, no. 5 (2024): 45. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2024.5369
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li H, Li B and Zheng Y: Role of microglia/macrophage polarisation in intraocular diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 53: 45, 2024.
APA
Li, H., Li, B., & Zheng, Y. (2024). Role of microglia/macrophage polarisation in intraocular diseases (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 53, 45. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2024.5369
MLA
Li, H., Li, B., Zheng, Y."Role of microglia/macrophage polarisation in intraocular diseases (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 53.5 (2024): 45.
Chicago
Li, H., Li, B., Zheng, Y."Role of microglia/macrophage polarisation in intraocular diseases (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 53, no. 5 (2024): 45. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2024.5369
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